scholarly journals Uvangoletin induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in HL-60 cells in vitro and in vivo without adverse reactions of myelosuppression, leucopenia and gastrointestinal tract disturbances

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 1213-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHUANZHEN ZHENG ◽  
ZHENHUA QIAO ◽  
RONG GONG ◽  
YALIN WANG ◽  
YIQUN ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Adverse Reactions

Role of in vivo and in vitro Tests in the Diagnosis of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (SCAR) to Drug

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (36) ◽  
pp. 3872-3880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel M. Bergmann ◽  
Jean-Christoph Caubet
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Lymphocyte Transformation ◽  
Stevens Johnson Syndrome ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions ◽  
Cutaneous Adverse Reactions

Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) are life-threatening conditions including acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Diagnosis of causative underlying drug hypersensitivity (DH) is mandatory due to the high morbidity and mortality upon re-exposure with the incriminated drug. If an underlying DH is suspected, in vivo test, including patch tests (PTs), delayed-reading intradermal tests (IDTs) and in vitro tests can be performed in selected patients for which the suspected culprit drug is mandatory, or in order to find a safe alternative treatment. Positivity of in vivo and in vitro tests in SCAR to drug varies depending on the type of reaction and the incriminated drugs. Due to the severe nature of these reactions, drug provocation test (DPT) is highly contraindicated in patients who experienced SCAR. Thus, sensitivity is based on positive test results in patients with a suggestive clinical history. Patch tests still remain the first-line diagnostic tests in the majority of patients with SCAR, followed, in case of negative results, by delayed-reading IDTs, with the exception of patients with bullous diseases where IDTs are still contra-indicated. In vitro tests have shown promising results in the diagnosis of SCAR to drug. Positivity is particularly high when the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) is combined with cytokines and cytotoxic markers measurement (cyto-LTT), but this still has to be confirmed with larger studies. Due to the rarity of SCAR, large multi-center collaborative studies are needed to better study the sensitivity and specificity of in vivo and in vitro tests.

scholarly journals T cell mediated hypersensitivity to previously tolerated iodinated contrast media precipitated by introduction of atezolizumab

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e002521
Author(s):  
Sean Hammond ◽  
Anna Olsson-Brown ◽  
Joshua Gardner ◽  
Paul Thomson ◽  
Serat-E Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Stevens Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Concomitant Medications

Many adverse reactions associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatments are immunologically driven and may necessitate discontinuation of the ICI. Herein, we present a patient who had been administered the radio contrast media amidotrizoate multiple times without issue but who then developed a Stevens-Johnson syndrome reaction after coadministration of atezolizumab. Causality was confirmed by a positive re-challenge with amidotrizoate and laboratory investigations that implicated T cells. Importantly, the introduction of atezolizumab appears to have altered the immunologic response to amidotrizoate in terms of the tolerance–elicitation continuum. Proof of concept studies demonstrated enhancement of recall responses to a surrogate antigen panel following in-vitro (healthy donors) and in-vivo (ICI patients) administrations of ICIs. Our findings highlight the importance of considering all concomitant medications in patients on ICIs who develop immune-mediated adverse reactions. In the event of some immune-related adverse reactions, it may be critical to identify the culprit antigen-forming entity that the ICIs have altered the perception of rather than simply attribute causality to the ICI itself in order to optimize both patient safety and treatment of malignancies.

Ellagitannins, Gallotannins and their Metabolites- The Contribution to the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Food Products and Medicinal Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4946-4967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K. Kiss ◽  
Jakub P. Piwowarski
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

The popularity of food products and medicinal plant materials containing hydrolysable tannins (HT) is nowadays rapidly increasing. Among various health effects attributable to the products of plant origin rich in gallotannins and/or ellagitannins the most often underlined is the beneficial influence on diseases possessing inflammatory background. Results of clinical, interventional and animal in vivo studies clearly indicate the antiinflammatory potential of HT-containing products, as well as pure ellagitannins and gallotannins. In recent years a great emphasis has been put on the consideration of metabolism and bioavailability of natural products during examination of their biological effects. Conducted in vivo and in vitro studies of polyphenols metabolism put a new light on this issue and indicate the gut microbiota to play a crucial role in the health effects following their oral administration. The aim of the review is to summarize the knowledge about HT-containing products’ phytochemistry and their anti-inflammatory effects together with discussion of the data about observed biological activities with regards to the current concepts on the HTs’ bioavailability and metabolism. Orally administered HT-containing products due to the limited bioavailability of ellagitannins and gallotannins can influence immune response at the level of gastrointestinal tract as well as express modulating effects on the gut microbiota composition. However, due to the chemical changes being a result of their transit through gastrointestinal tract, comprising of hydrolysis and gut microbiota metabolism, the activity of produced metabolites has to be taken into consideration. Studies regarding biological effects of the HTs’ metabolites, in particular urolithins, indicate their strong and structure-dependent anti-inflammatory activities, being observed at the concentrations, which fit the range of their established bioavailability. The impact of HTs on inflammatory processes has been well established on various in vivo and in vitro models, while influence of microbiota metabolites on silencing the immune response gives a new perspective on understanding anti-inflammatory effects attributed to HT containing products, especially their postulated effectiveness in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and cardiovascular diseases.

Food supplement “carrageenan” and its effect on the organism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.E. Luneva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Physiological Processes

Food additives are positioned as harmless, although, their components affectthe physiological processes associated with the permeability of the wall of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and intestinal microbiota. This article describes thecarrageenan supplement and its effects on the body in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The experimental part is devoted to analysis of the intestinalmicrobiota of laboratory rats with the consumption of the carrageenan dietary supplement in the amount of about 4,4 % of the standard feed.

scholarly journals Activation of plasma complement by perfluorocarbon artificial blood: probable mechanism of adverse pulmonary reactions in treated patients and rationale for corticosteroids prophylaxis

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1299-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Vercellotti ◽  
DE Hammerschmidt ◽  
PR Craddock ◽  
HS Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Blood Substitutes ◽  
Perfluorocarbon Emulsion ◽  
Artificial Blood ◽  
American Patient ◽  
Nonionic Detergent ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Perfluorocarbons have shown promise as clinical blood substitutes. Although early experience in Japan with one such product--Fluosol-DA-- has been uncomplicated, we observed an adverse pulmonary reaction in the first American patient to receive it and know of similar reactions in two other Americans so treated. Postulating that activation of plasma complement (C) by the perfluorocarbon emulsion might have caused the reaction, we tested the product to determine if it is an activator of complement. Incubation of Fluosol with plasma led to C3 conversion, decrement in CH50, and generation of C5a-related PMN aggregating activity; EDTA prevented such activation, while EGTA did not, suggesting that it proceeded via the alternative C pathway. Infusion of Fluosol into rabbits produced hypoxemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and pulmonary leukostasis, mimicking abnormalities previously demonstrated in rabbits receiving infusions of zymosan-activated plasma C. These deleterious responses to Fluosol were diminished by premedicating rabbits with corticosteroids (which had seemed to benefit when used empirically in our patient). In vitro and in vivo, Fluosol's effects were reproduced by Pluronic F-68, the nonionic detergent used to maintain the emulsion stability of Fluosol-DA. We conclude that adverse reactions to Fluosol are probably mediated by C activation and that steroid premedication may prevent them in susceptible patients.

N tau-methylhistidine release: contributions of rat skeletal muscle, GI tract, and skin

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (4) ◽  
pp. E293-E297 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Wassner ◽  
J. B. Li
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Fractional Catabolic Rate ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Catabolic Rate ◽  
Total Body

The relative contributions of skeletal muscle, gastrointestinal tract, and skin to urinary N tau-methylhistidine (MH) excretion were estimated during in vitro studies using the rat hemicorpus preparation. After 0.5 h of perfusion, MH release into the perfusate was linear for 3 h and averaged 29.8 nmol . h-1 . 100 g hemicorpus-1. In vivo, 24-h urinary MH excretion averaged 37.3 nmol . h-1 . 100 g body wt-1. The ratio of soft tissue to skin weight is equal (3.2:1) in the whole rat and in the hemicorpus. The gastrointestinal tract released 16.0 nmol . h-1 . 100 g body wt-1 or approximately 41% of the total urinary MH excretion. Preparations perfused with or without skin showed modest differences in the rate of MH release that were not statistically significant. Skeletal muscle contains 89.8% of total body MH content, whereas gastrointestinal tract and skin contain 3.8 and 6.4%, respectively. Gastrointestinal tract actomyosin turns over rapidly with a fractional catabolic rate of 24%/day versus 1.4%/day for skeletal muscle actomyosin.

Quantification of in vitro and in vivo energy metabolism of the gastrointestinal tract of fed or fasted sheep

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Kelly ◽  
B. G. Southorn ◽  
C. E. Kelly ◽  
L. P. Milligan ◽  
B. W. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Portal Blood Flow ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hepatic Portal Vein ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Hepatic Portal ◽  
Ouabain Inhibition

The effect of level of nutrition on in vitro and in vivo O2 consumption by the gastrointestinal tract in four nonlactating, nonpregnant ewes catheterized in the anterior mesenteric vein, hepatic portal vein and mesenteric artery with duodenal cannulae was investigated. Animals were fed a pelleted ration at maintenance (M) or twice maintenance (2M) or fasted (F) subsequent to the M measurement. Duodenal in vitro O2, ouabain-sensitive O2 (OSO2) and cycloheximide-sensitive O2 (CSO2) consumption was determined polarographically using a YSI O2 monitor; whole-gut O2 consumption was determined as (arterio-venous difference of O2 concentration) × (blood flow through the PV). Whole-body O2 consumption was determined using indirect calorimetry. Ewes fed 2M exhibited higher (P < 0.10) whole-body O2 consumption than either M or F ewes. Ewes fed M and 2M had higher (P < 0.10) duodenal in vitro O2 and ouabain-insensitive O2 (OIO2) consumption than F ewes. Hepatic portal blood flow was directly proportional to level of intake (P < 0.10): it was lowest for F ewes (81.0 L h−1), intermediate for M ewes (97.7 L h−1) and highest for 2M ewes (122.5 L h−1). Ouabain inhibition of O2 consumption by portal-drained viscera (PDV) was highest in M ewes and lowest in 2M ewes (P < 0.10). CSO2 consumption by the entire PDV was not affected by level of intake, corresponding to no change in OIO2 consumption by the PDV. As a proportion of whole-body O2 consumption, total O2, OSO2 and cycloheximide-insensitive O2 consumption by the PDV was higher in F ewes than in 2M ewes (P < 0.10). Fasted ewes expended a greater proportion of whole-body O2 consumption on gastrointestinal energetics than did 2M ewes. Key words: Sheep, gastrointestinal oxygen consumption, sodium–potassium ATPase, protein synthesis

Transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants between lactobacilli isolates from the gastrointestinal tract of chicken

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Vieira de Souza ◽  
R. Roque ◽  
J.L. Silva Moreira ◽  
M. Resende de Souza ◽  
J.R. Nicoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

The aim of this study was to assess the potential horizontal transfer of genetic traits for antibiotic resistance between lactobacilli isolated from the chicken gut, both in vitro and in vivo. Thirty-seven Lactobacillus spp. strains isolated from the gizzard, small and large intestines and caeca of free-range broiler chickens showed multi-drug resistance as assessed by disc diffusion assays. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for vancomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin and chloramphenicol was determined in De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe broth in a microplate assay. Almost all the lactobacilli isolates were resistant to vancomycin (except strains belonging to the Lactobacillus acidophilus group) and to tetracycline (MIC≥128 μg/ml). Only five strains were resistant to erythromycin, and six to chloramphenicol. The transfer rate in filter mating experiments performed using L. acidophilus strain 4M14E (EmR), Lactobacillus vaginalis strain 5M14E (CmR), Lactobacillus salivarius strain 5C14C (EmR), and the 4G14L and 3C14C strains of Lactobacillus reuteri (CmR) showed a frequency of approximately 1×104 cfu/ml of double-resistant transconjugants for the different combinations. The exception was the L. salivarius 5C14C (EmR) and L. vaginalis 5M14E (CmR) mating combination, which produced no transconjugants. In vivo experiments performed in gnotobiotic mice by mating L. acidophilus 4M14E (EmR) with L. reuteri 3C14C (CmR), L. reuteri 4G14L (CmR) or L. vaginalis 5M14E (CmR) resulted in transconjugants at 3.95±0.29, 3.16±0.33, and 4.55±1.52 log10 cfu/g of faeces, respectively. Taken together, these data suggest that genetic exchange may occur between native bacterial strains within the gastrointestinal tract of chickens, which might maintain a dynamic gene pool conferring antibiotic resistance upon indigenous microbiota components, even in the absence of the pathogens. This possibility must be taken into account as a complementary criterion when lactobacilli are screened for probiotic use.

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