Identification of lymphatic vessels in malignant, adenomatous and normal colonic mucosa using the novel immunostain D2-40

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fogt ◽  
R. Zimmerman ◽  
H. Ross ◽  
T. Daly ◽  
R. Gausas
Keyword(s):  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Normal Colonic Mucosa ◽  
The Novel

Tumor-Infiltrating FOXP3+ T Regulatory Cells Show Strong Prognostic Significance in Colorectal Cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Salama ◽  
Michael Phillips ◽  
Fabienne Grieu ◽  
Melinda Morris ◽  
Nik Zeps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
High Density ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Normal Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Histopathologic Features

Purpose To determine the prognostic significance of FOXP3+ lymphocyte (Treg) density in colorectal cancer compared with conventional histopathologic features and with CD8+ and CD45RO+ lymphocyte densities. Patients and Methods Tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the densities of CD8+, CD45RO+, and FOXP3+ lymphocytes in tumor tissue and normal colonic mucosa from 967 stage II and stage III colorectal cancers. These were evaluated for associations with histopathologic features and patient survival. Results FOXP3+ Treg density was higher in tumor tissue compared with normal colonic mucosa, whereas CD8+ and CD45RO+ cell densities were lower. FOXP3+ Tregs were not associated with any histopathologic features, with the exception of tumor stage. Multivariate analysis showed that stage, vascular invasion, and FOXP3+ Treg density in normal and tumor tissue were independent prognostic indicators, but not CD8+ and CD45RO+. High FOXP3+ Treg density in normal mucosa was associated with worse prognosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.51; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.13; P = .019). In contrast, a high density of FOXP3+ Tregs in tumor tissue was associated with improved survival (HR = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.77; P = .001). Conclusion FOXP3+ Treg density in normal and tumor tissue had stronger prognostic significance in colorectal cancer compared with CD8+ and CD45RO+ lymphocytes. The finding of improved survival associated with a high density of tumor-infiltrating FOXP3+ Tregs in colorectal cancer contrasts with several other solid cancer types. The inclusion of FOXP3+ Treg density may help to improve the prognostication of early-stage colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Deep Learning Algorithm for the Confirmation of Mucosal Healing in Crohn’s Disease, Based on Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Anca Loredana Udristoiu ◽  
Daniela Stefanescu ◽  
Gabriel Gruionu ◽  
Lucian Gheorghe Gruionu ◽  
Andreea Valentina Iacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Mucosal Healing ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Normal Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Test Accuracy

Background and Aims: Mucosal healing (MH) is associated with a stable course of Crohn’s disease (CD) which can be assessed by confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE). To minimize the operator’s errors and automate assessment of CLE images, we used a deep learning (DL) model for image analysis. We hypothesized that DL combined with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and long short-term memory (LSTM) can distinguish between normal and inflamed colonic mucosa from CLE images. Methods: The study included 54 patients, 32 with known active CD, and 22 control patients (18 CD patients with MH and four normal mucosa patients with no history of inflammatory bowel diseases). We designed and trained a deep convolutional neural network to detect active CD using 6,205 endomicroscopy images classified as active CD inflammation (3,672 images) and control mucosal healing or no inflammation (2,533 images). CLE imaging was performed on four colorectal areas and the terminal ileum. Gold standard was represented by the histopathological evaluation. The dataset was randomly split in two distinct training and testing datasets: 80% data from each patient were used for training and the remaining 20% for testing. The training dataset consists of 2,892 images with inflammation and 2,189 control images. The testing dataset consists of 780 images with inflammation and 344 control images of the colon. We used a CNN-LSTM model with four convolution layers and one LSTM layer for automatic detection of MH and CD diagnosis from CLE images. Results: CLE investigation reveals normal colonic mucosa with round crypts and inflamed mucosa with irregular crypts and tortuous and dilated blood vessels. Our method obtained a 95.3% test accuracy with a specificity of 92.78% and a sensitivity of 94.6%, with an area under each receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.98. Conclusions: Using machine learning algorithms on CLE images can successfully differentiate between inflammation and normal ileocolonic mucosa and can be used as a computer aided diagnosis for CD. Future clinical studies with a larger patient spectrum will validate our results and improve the CNN-SSTM model.

Can a Normal Colonic Mucosa Harbor an Aggressive Underlying Lymphoma?

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divey Manocha ◽  
Savio John ◽  
Philip Holtzapple
Keyword(s):  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Normal Colonic Mucosa

scholarly journals Meningeal Lymphatics: A Review and Future Directions From a Clinical Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117906951988902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korri S Hershenhouse ◽  
Orr Shauly ◽  
Daniel J Gould ◽  
Ketan M Patel
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Clinical Perspective ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The recent discovery of lymphatic vessels in the meningeal layers calls into question the known mechanisms of fluid and macromolecule homeostasis and immunoregulation within the central nervous system. These meningeal lymphatic vessels and their potential role in the pathophysiology of neurological disease have become a rapidly expanding area of research, with the hopes that they may provide a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of many devastating conditions. This article reviews the current state of knowledge surrounding the anatomical structure of the vessels, their functions in fluid and solute transport and immune surveillance, as well as their studied developmental biology, relationship with the novel hypothesized “glymphatic” system, and implications in neurodegenerative disease in animal models. Furthermore, this review summarizes findings from the human studies conducted thus far regarding the presence, anatomy, and drainage patterns of meningeal lymphatic vessels and discusses, from a clinical perspective, advancements in both imaging technologies and interventional methodologies used to access ultrafine peripheral lymphatic vessels.

Antioxidant Agents and Colorectal Carcinogenesis: Role of β-Carotene, Vitamin E and Vitamin C

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Pappalardo ◽  
Antonio Guadalaxara ◽  
Giuseppe Maiani ◽  
Giovanni Illomei ◽  
Mauro Trifero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Normal Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Β Carotene

In consideration of findings reported in the literature and of our study, we examined the correlation between antioxidants (β-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E) and colorectal carcinogenesis. Although diagnostic progress has been made in the last decades, no significant improvements in death rates have been achieved in the western world. Exogenous factors might be responsible for a complex alteration process of normal colonic mucosa into adenoma and carcinoma. Free radicals and reactive oxygen metabolites, due to increased production or to reduced inactivation, following a decrease in the antioxidant burden in the mucosa, might cause damage to DNA, thereby resulting in genetic alterations. This might represent the cause of the transformation process: normal mucosa→ adenoma→ carcinoma. In a prospective study, we observed a reduction of β-carotene levels in normal colonic mucosa in patients with polyps and colorectal cancer. We also showed that β-carotene supplementation raises levels of this micronutrient in the colonic mucosa of these patients. Findings from the literature and our trials show a significant decrease in the antioxidant capacity of colorectal mucosa in patients affected by colorectal cancer, although there is a significant interindividual variability. Such results suggest a possible chemopreventive role of antioxidant agents in colorectal cancer.

Versatility of biotin-labeled lectins and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex for localization of carbohydrate in tissue sections.

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Hsu ◽  
L Raine
Keyword(s):  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Medullary Carcinoma ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Normal Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Colonic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Breast ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Membranous Staining

Carbohydrate residues in tissue can be localized by a very sensitive, specific, and simple technique, utilizing a biotin-labeled lectin followed by an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC). Distribution of peanut receptors in benign and malignant tissues was found to be quite different. Normal colonic mucosa occasionally shows small dot staining in the supranuclear cytoplasm, while the tumor cells of colonic adenocarcinoma tend to show diffuse cytoplasmic or membranous staining. Normal breast ductal epithelium shows membranous staining at luminal borders, while medullary carcinoma of the breast shows distinct membranous and cytoplasmic staining. The use of this avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique may contribute to understanding the process of tumorigenesis as well as providing a sensitive method to determine early stages of malignant transformation.

scholarly journals Microscopic Colitis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Current Management—An Update 2013

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Alexander Storr
Keyword(s):  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Collagenous Colitis ◽  
Microscopic Colitis ◽  
Normal Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Current Management ◽  
And Gender

Microscopic colitis is a common cause of chronic diarrhea. Over the last years the incidence and the prevalence of microscopic colitis are rising and this rise is largely attributed to a rising awareness, and concomitantly an increasing number of diagnoses are made. Patients with microscopic colitis report watery, nonbloody diarrhea of chronic, intermittent, or chronic recurrent course. Following an unremarkable physical examination the diagnosis of microscopic colitis is made by colonoscopy, which shows essentially a normal colonic mucosa. Biopsies taken during the colonoscopy procedure will then finally establish the correct diagnosis. Histological workup can then confirm a diagnosis of microscopic colitis and can distinguish the two distinct histological forms, namely, collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis. Presently both forms are diagnosed and treated in the same way; thus the description of the two forms is not of clinical value, though this may change in future. Depending on the patients age and gender 10–30% of patients investigated for chronic diarrhea will be diagnosed with microscopic colitis if biopsies are taken. Microscopic colitis is most common in older patients, especially in female patients and is frequently associated with autoimmune disorders and the consumption of several drugs. This review summarizes the present knowledge of the epidemiology, the pathophysiology, and the diagnosis of microscopic colitis and discusses the former and the present treatment options.

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