scholarly journals COVID-19 and ophthalmic manifestations: review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Emilija Gjoshevska-Dashtevska ◽  
Natasha Trpevska-Shekerinov ◽  
Maja Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Control ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Initial Manifestation ◽  
Ophthalmic Manifestations ◽  
Severe Clinical Picture ◽  
Health Organization

The epidemics of COVID-19 started in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared a pandemic in March 2020. COVID-19 can also affect the eyes.  Ophthalmic manifestations of the virus are not so frequent; the prevalence is about 3% up to now. Recognizing the possibility of ophthalmic transmission and manifestation of the virus is of significant importance for ophthalmologists and health workers. According to published studies, the most common ophthalmic manifestation is follicular conjunctivitis with all the symptoms and signs of viral conjunctivitis.  It is usually bilateral, and patients present adenoviral-like symptoms, discomfort, foreign body sensation, redness, or they have no subjective symptoms. The symptoms are more pronounced in patients with a more severe clinical picture of the disease. One of the described non-specific manifestations of COVID-19 as an initial manifestation is keratoconjunctivitis. The effects of the virus on the retina and blood vessels have not been fully investigated, yet. It has been proven that COVID-19 can be isolated from tears and from ocular surface by PCR conjunctival swab. The most common mode of transmission is through direct contact and through aerosols. Through the nasolacrimal system, the eyes can be the entrance for respiratory infection and hematogenous spread of the virus can occur through the lacrimal gland. Early recognition of the ophthalmic symptoms by ophthalmologists as well as the other health workers during this pandemic is necessary because sometimes they can be the only manifestation of COVID-19, and on the other hand, it will lead to greater protection and prevention of the virus spreading. Prevention measures should be focused on the application of administrative protocols, personal protection and environmental control.

scholarly journals Determinants of HIV-1 Late Presentation in Patients Followed in Europe

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Mafalda N. S. Miranda ◽  
Marta Pingarilho ◽  
Victor Pimentel ◽  
Maria do Rosário O. Martins ◽  
Anne-Mieke Vandamme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Presentation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Late Presenters ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hiv 1

To control the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) set the 90-90-90 target to be reached by 2020. One major threat to those goals is late presentation, which is defined as an individual presenting a TCD4+ count lower than 350 cells/mm3 or an AIDS-defining event. The present study aims to identify determinants of late presentation in Europe based on the EuResist database with HIV-1 infected patients followed-up between 1981 and 2019. Our study includes clinical and socio-demographic information from 89851 HIV-1 infected patients. Statistical analysis was performed using RStudio and SPSS and a Bayesian network was constructed with the WEKA software to analyze the association between all variables. Among 89,851 HIV-1 infected patients included in the analysis, the median age was 33 (IQR: 27.0–41.0) years and 74.4% were males. Of those, 28,889 patients (50.4%) were late presenters. Older patients (>56), heterosexuals, patients originated from Africa and patients presenting with log VL >4.1 had a higher probability of being late presenters (p < 0.001). Bayesian networks indicated VL, mode of transmission, age and recentness of infection as variables that were directly associated with LP. This study highlights the major determinants associated with late presentation in Europe. This study helps to direct prevention measures for this population.

scholarly journals Edukasi dan Deteksi Dini Komplikasi Kehamilan dengan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Rochany Septiyaningsih ◽  
Dhiah Dwi Kusumawati ◽  
Frisca Dewi Yunadi ◽  
Septiana Indratmoko
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Delivery Assistance ◽  
The World ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) states that maternal mortality worldwide due to complications during pregnancy and childbirth in 2017 is estimated at around 810 cases. Between 2000 and 2017 there was a decline in the ratio of MMR around the world by 38%. WHO also states that 94% of global maternal deaths occur in low and middle income countries. In Indonesia, maternal deaths due to complications from pregnancy or childbirth every year are estimated at 20,000 mothers died from five million births. Delivery assistance by trained health workers in health facilities can be an effort to reduce MMR and IMR. In addition, awareness of pregnant women is also important for the importance of having a pregnancy with a health worker. This community service aims to increase the knowledge of pregnant women about anemia and to detect early pregnancy complications by laboratory examinations. The target of this activity is 15 pregnant women. The dedication activity is conducting educational activities, laboratory examinations in Tambakreja Village, Cilacap Regency. Based on the results of this activity it was concluded that there was an increase in knowledge of pregnant women about anemia and found 2 pregnant women experiencing anemia from 15 pregnant women and urine examination found all negative pregnant women

scholarly journals Online Courses on COVID 19 Outbreak for Health Workers by World Health Organization- A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
  Dr. Sandeep Kale ◽  
Dr. Govind Khati ◽  
Dr. Pornima Kale ◽  
Dr. Santosh Girbide ◽  
Dr. Milind Kamble
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effectiveness of Combined Action Antiallergic Drugs in Monotherapy of Allergic Conjunctivitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
N. G. Zumbulidze ◽  
V. M. Khokkanen ◽  
I. B. Litvin
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Conjunctivitis ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Ophthalmic Manifestations ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

According to statistical studies in recent decades, there has been an increase of allergic diseases in most countries of the world. Predisposing factors are the deterioration of the environmental situation, the total “chemicalization” of life and the forced use of drugs. Twenty years ago, the World Health Organization called the new century “the century of allergies” and the disease itself as an “epidemic”. As time has shown, these forecasts have come true: from 2001 to 2010, the number of allergic people in the world increased by 20 % and many of these patients suffer from ophthalmic manifestations of the pathology: the eyes are involved in the process in almost every second case. This is due to the fact that the eyes are directly exposed to the environment and a variety of external allergens. The most common disease of an eye-allergic nature is allergic conjunctivitis: approximately 15 % of the total population of economically developed countries suffer from it. Allergic blepharitis, eyelid dermatitis, keratitis, iritis, uveitis, retinitis and optic neuritis are much less common. The following manifestations are typical for allergic conjunctivitis: burning, lacrimation, pruritus, hyperemia of the eyelids and conjunctiva, photophobia. In the case of a transition to a chronic form, pronounced tissue changes are observed. Therefore, timely diagnosis and effective treatment certainly have a positive effect on the quality of life of the patient and the course of the disease. The treatment of patients with allergic conjunctivitis, first of all, consists in the maximum possible restriction of contact with the allergen. During desensitizing therapy, local and general drugs are used. Numerous studies have proven the advantage of targeted and effective antiallergic local therapy compared with systemic exposure. Currently used local ophthalmic antiallergic drugs belonging to various groups. The tactics of their use is determined by the acuity, severity and etiology of the process. When choosing a drug, in some cases, you should focus on the presence of substances that provide a double mechanism of action: a pronounced antihistamine activity in combination with the stabilization properties of mast cells, which has a quick and long therapeutic effect. This study evaluated efficacy of Vizallergol (olopatadin 0.2 %) application in cases of allergic conjunctivitis in 239 patients was evaluated. The medication arrested the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis in 89 % of patients, at that the mean period of treatment made 10.7 ± 0.3 days. In the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, the therapeutic efficacy of Vizallergol 0.2 % was comparable to opatanol 0.1 % and was found to be more comfortable for most patients due to the convenience of a single use.

scholarly journals Sustainability of the Tourism National Plans from 2003 to 2016 in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Paulo Santos Almeida ◽  
Anderson Soares Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Social Indicators ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
National Plan ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Environment Programme

<p>This study investigates the issue of sustainability in the tourism sector, defining both as the Tourism National Plans studied from 2003 to 2016. Thus it was first used for exploratory research by proposing to observe books, articles and relevant materials addressing issues related to sustainability and jointly tourism, sometimes arranged by organizations such as the World Health Organization-WHO, United Environment Programme-UNEP and WWF Mediterranean. In the sequence, it was held a documentary research to individually analyze the perspective of sustainability in the Tourism National Plan of 2003-2007, 2007-2010 and 2013-2016. On the other hand, the results show that even before the development of these policies, it is observed the absence of the consolidation of these proposed actions in the national tourism sector in this way it is understood that these proposals serve to supply political desires and supporters. From the perspective of sustainability by these public policies, the elaborate planning verified did not represent Brazil’s actions of environmental preservation and improvement of social indicators that are directly related to tourism.</p>

scholarly journals Population-Based Estimation of Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease Rates of Gravid and Recently Postpartum Women in Lilongwe, Malawi

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. e268-e274
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Antony ◽  
Peter N. Kazembe ◽  
Ryan M. Pace ◽  
Judy Levison ◽  
Jesse Mlotha-Namarika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
World Health ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Dental Disease ◽  
Dmf Index ◽  
Health Organization

Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the rate of dental caries and periodontal disease among gravid and recently postpartum women at five delivery centers within and surrounding Lilongwe, Malawi. Study Design We partnered with obstetric specialists, community health workers, and dentists to perform dental history interviews and dental examinations during the study period from December 2012 to May 2014. Dental examinations were performed according to World Health Organization standards to assess periodontal and oral health status. Results Among the 387 gravid and recently postpartum women, the rate of dental caries was 69.3% and the rate of composite dental disease (caries and periodontal disease) was 76.7%. The majority (69.5%) of women examined had a decayed-missing-filled (DMF) index greater than or equal to one; the average DMF Index was 2.48. The majority of women had never seen a dentist (62.8%). However, most did perform oral hygiene, two or more times per day (90.2%); most women reported brushing with toothpaste (88.1%). Conclusion When assessing this population for dental caries and periodontal disease, the rate of dental disease was high. Therefore, this may be an ideal setting to test for impactful interventions aimed at reducing caries and periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Adaptation and validation for Colombia of the WHO safe childbirth checklist

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-212
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Amaya Arias ◽  
Óscar Zuluaga ◽  
Douglas Idárraga ◽  
Javier Hernando Eslava Schmalbach
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Neonatal Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Safe Childbirth Checklist ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Safe Childbirth

Introduction: Most maternal deaths that occur in developing countries are considered unfair and can be avoided. In 2008, The World Health Organization (WHO) proposed a checklist for childbirth care, in order to assess whether a simple, low-cost intervention had an impact on maternal and neonatal mortality in low-income countries. Objective: To translate, adapt and validate the content of the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist (SCC) for its use in Colombia Methods: The checklist was translated and adapted to the Colombian context. It was subsequently validated by a panel of experts composed of 17 health workers with experience in maternal and neonatal care and safety. Reliability among judges was estimated (Rwg) and items were modified or added to each section of the list according to the results. Results: Modifications were made to 28 items, while 19 new items were added, and none was removed. The most important modifications were made to the management guidelines included in each item, and the items added refer to risks inherent to our environment. Conclusion: The Colombian version of the SCC will be a useful tool to improve maternal and neonatal care and thereby contribute to reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in our country.

Giant Primary Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Liver: Report of 2 Cases With Molecular Characterization

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 893-899
Author(s):  
Laura G. Pastrián ◽  
Ignacio Ruz-Caracuel ◽  
Raul S. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumor ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Health Organization

Primary neuroendocrine neoplasms of the liver have occasionally been reported in the liver, though many reports do not convincingly exclude metastases. In this article, we report 2 “giant” hepatic neuroendocrine lesions without evidence of a primary elsewhere after clinical workup. One occurred in a 21-year-old male; the lesion was a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma measuring 24 cm. The patient died of disease in 10 months. The other occurred in a 25-year-old patient, was 18 cm wide, and was diagnosed as a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor, World Health Organization grade 3. The patient died of disease after 30 months. Molecular testing demonstrated only the presence of TP53 mutations in common. These cases expand our knowledge of seemingly primary neuroendocrine neoplasms of the liver, in particular, giant cases measuring more than 8 cm. Guidelines for clinical workup and therapy for these lesions remain unclear, but future thorough workup of such cases is necessary for specific characterization.

scholarly journals Examining the Multilevel Barriers and Facilitators to Iron Folic Acid Supplement Use and Anemia Reduction in Rural India (OR25-07-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Sedlander ◽  
Rajiv Rimal ◽  
Michael Long ◽  
Ashita Munjral ◽  
Hagere Yilma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
The Government ◽  
Iron Folic Acid ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Objectives Over half of women of reproductive age in India are anemic so the World Health Organization recommends daily iron folic acid (IFA) for all women of reproductive age. The government has distributed free IFA for over four decades but initial uptake and adherence remain inadequate. Objectives 1) to understand the multilevel factors that hinder IFA use and adherence; and 2) to inform a behavioral intervention to increase IFA use to reduce anemia. Methods We conducted this study in four rural villages in the state of Odisha, India. We held 25 key informant interviews with front-line health workers, 16 focus groups with women of reproductive age, husbands, and mothers-in-law (n = 148) and 18 direct observations in health centers, pharmacies and women's groups. We purposively sampled key informants and randomly sampled focus group participants from an enumeration of all eligible residents of each village, and stratified them by sex, age and relation to a woman of reproductive age. We analyzed the data using applied thematic analysis and Nvivo software. Results At the individual level, we found that most people knew that IFA prevents anemia, but they did not recognize its widespread prevalence, believing instead that it was rare in their community. They also believed that taking too many IFA supplements during pregnancy would “make your baby big” causing a painful birth and possibly the need for a cesarean section. At the interpersonal level, mothers-in-law were not supportive of their daughters-in-law taking IFA too often because they themselves did not take them when they were younger. Husbands were more supportive. At the policy level, frontline health workers distribute IFA but are not incentivized to follow up on adherence. Finally, state and national policies are not consistent around which sub-populations should take IFA (e.g., whether all non-pregnant women of reproductive age should take them). Conclusions To address these multilevel barriers to IFA use and adherence, interventions should take a normative approach that includes a woman's social network and targets both descriptive norms (ideas about how many women in the community have anemia and are taking IFA) and injunctive norms around who should be taking IFA (e.g., all women of reproductive age). Funding Sources The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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