scholarly journals Mycobacterium paratuberculosis sheep type strain in Uruguay: Evidence for a wider geographic distribution in South America

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
Federico Giannitti ◽  
Martin Fraga ◽  
Ruben Dario Caffarena ◽  
Carlos Omar Schild ◽  
Georgget Banchero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Paratuberculosis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Granulomatous Enteritis ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Clinical Cases

Johne’s disease (JD) is an economically important disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP), which also infects other species including humans. Two major MAP strain types are currently recognized: sheep (S) and cattle (C) types. Information on JD prevalence and MAP types infecting small ruminants in South America is limited, and all but one of the MAP types reported from this region are of the C type. This study describes clinicopathological, molecular and microbiological findings in 11 cases of JD caused by a type S MAP strain, and estimated true within-flock prevalence in a ~735-sheep operation in Uruguay. Postmortem examination and histology (hematoxylin-eosin and Ziehl-Neelsen stains) of samples from 41 selected sheep revealed lymphohistiocytic/granulomatous enteritis and mesenteric lymphadenitis in 11 animals, with moderate/severe multibacillary lesions in 6 clinical cases, and minimal/mild paucibacillary lesions in 5 sub-clinical cases. Immunohistochemistry using an antibody against Mycobacterium bovis that cross-reacts with MAP (2 cases), and transmission electron microscopy (1 case), revealed myriads of intrahistiocytic mycobacteria. MAP was isolated in one case and detected by PCR in 6 cases. The S type of MAP was identified using a multiplex PCR that distinguishes between S and C types, and PCR-REA. The estimated true within-flock prevalence was ≤ 2.3%. This represents the first communication on within-flock prevalence of JD associated with a type S MAP strain in South America and the second documentation of this strain in the subcontinent. Additional studies are required to better understand the molecular epidemiology of the different MAP types in the region.

scholarly journals Serological Investigation of Peste Des Petits Ruminants in East Shewa and Arsi Zones, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Gari ◽  
Biressaw Serda ◽  
Dejene Negesa ◽  
Fethu Lemma ◽  
Hagos Asgedom
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Important Disease

Peste des petits ruminant (PPR) is an economically important disease of small ruminants with a rapidly expanding geographical distribution. There are fragmented reports to the occurrence and distribution of the disease in Ethiopia. A total of 700 serum samples were collected from goats and sheep to detect the presence of antibody against PPR virus using Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (C-ELISA). An overall PPR seropositivity was reported to be 48.43% in the area. There is no statistically significant difference in the seroprevalence of the disease between sheep and goats (50.85% and 46.68%), respectively. However, there was statistically significant variation (P<0.05) in the seroprevalence of the disease in young (33.9%) and adult (55.8%) age categories. The seroprevalence in male and female was 42.07% and 50.09%, respectively, where the variation was statistically not significant (P>0.05). High seroprevalence of Peste des petites ruminants in the study area indicated the virus circulation and endemicity of the disease. The disease causes substantial economic losses by affecting the livelihood of the farmers. Therefore, control measures should be put in place to minimize the loss associated with the disease.

scholarly journals Isolation ofMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosisfrom non-ruminant wildlife living in the sheds and on the pastures of Greek sheep and goats

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 644-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. FLOROU ◽  
L. LEONTIDES ◽  
P. KOSTOULAS ◽  
C. BILLINIS ◽  
M. SOFIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Type Strains

SUMMARYThis study aimed to: (1) investigate whether non-ruminant wildlife interfacing with dairy sheep and goats of four Greek flocks endemically infected withMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosis(MAP) harboured MAP and (2) genetically compare the strains isolated from the wildlife to those isolated from the small ruminants of these flocks. We cultured and screened, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), pooled-tissue samples from 327 wild animals of 11 species for the MAP-specific IS900insertion sequence. We also cultured faecal samples from 100 sheep or goats from each of the four flocks. MAP was detected in samples from 11 sheep, 12 goats, two mice, two rats, a hare and a fox. Only one rat had histopathological findings. Genetic typing categorized 21 isolates as cattle-type strains and two, from a house mouse and a goat respectively, as sheep-type strains; this is the first report of a rodent harbouring a sheep-type strain. The MAP types that were most frequently isolated amongst the sheep and goats of each flock were also the ones isolated from sympatric rodents; those isolated from the fox and hare also belonged to the predominant ruminant strains.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes strains in ruminant abortion and rhombencephalitis cases in comparison with the natural environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Papić ◽  
Mateja Pate ◽  
Benjamin Félix ◽  
Darja Kušar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
Novel Association ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Clinical Cases

Abstract Background Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of listeriosis, a serious disease affecting both animals and humans. Here, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to characterize the genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from the natural environment and animal clinical cases in Europe. The prevalence of clonal complexes (CCs) obtained was compared according to (i) the origin of isolation – clinical cases vs. natural environment – and (ii) the clinical form of animal listeriosis – rhombencephalitis vs. abortion. To this aim, two datasets were constructed. The clinical dataset consisted of 350 animal clinical isolates originating from France and Slovenia and supplemented with isolates from Switzerland and Great Britain. The natural environment dataset consisted of 253 isolates from the natural environment originating from Slovenia and supplemented with isolates from nine other European countries. Results For the clinical cases, CC1, CC4-CC217 and CC412 were the most prevalent in rhombencephalitis and CC1, CC37 and CC4-CC217 in abortion. The hypervirulent CC1 and CC4-CC217 prevailed in both datasets. These results indicated that livestock is constantly exposed to hypervirulent CCs. CC1 was significantly associated with a clinical origin, whereas CC9, CC29 and CC14 were associated with the natural environment. CC1 was predominant among rhombencephalitis cases both in cattle and small ruminants, and its prevalence did not differ significantly between these two groups. A novel association of CC37 and CC6 with abortion cases was revealed. Conclusions Here, we show that CC1 and CC4-CC217 are prevalent in isolates of environmental and animal clinical origin, suggesting that ruminants are frequently exposed to hypervirulent CCs. The presence of CC4 in two mastitis cases calls for further attention due to direct threat to the consumer. We showed several associations between CCs and the origin of isolation or clinical form of listeriosis, e.g. CC37 and CC6 with abortion. This study improves our understanding of the population structure of L. monocytogenes isolates from the natural environment and animal clinical cases. Moreover, it provides a basis for future studies aiming to determine the underlying mechanisms of phenotypic traits of interest.

scholarly journals Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus and Goatpox Virus Co-Infection in Goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-553
Author(s):  
Olatunde Babatunde Akanbi ◽  
Kati Franzke ◽  
Adeyinka Jeremy Adedeji ◽  
Reiner Ulrich ◽  
Jens Peter Teifke
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusion ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Goatpox Virus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Red Sokoto Goat ◽  
First Time

Infection of small ruminants with peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) and goatpox virus (GTPV) are endemic and can have devastating economic consequences in Asia and Africa. Co-infection with these viruses have recently been reported in goats and sheep in Nigeria. In this study, we evaluated samples from the lips of a red Sokoto goat, and describe co-infection of keratinocytes with PPRV and GTPV using histopathology and transmission electron microscopy. Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were identified histologically, and ultrastructural analysis revealed numerous large cytoplasmic viral factories containing poxvirus particles and varying sizes of smaller cytoplasmic inclusions composed of PPRV nucleocapsids. These histopathological and ultrastructural findings show concurrent infection with the 2 viruses for the first time as well as the detection of PPRV particles in epithelial cells of the mucocutaneous junction of the lip.

Systemic Mastocytosis in a Goat

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 719-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. M. Khan ◽  
J. E. Sagartz ◽  
G. Koenig ◽  
K. Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Systemic Mastocytosis ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Hypochromic Anemia ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Transmission Electron

Systemic mastocytosis was diagnosed in a 4-year-old, female Nubian goat. Clinically, the animal was depressed and had severe macrocytic hypochromic anemia and leukopenia. Postmortem examination revealed neoplastic mast cells invading the heart, lung, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. Eosinophils were frequently admixed with infiltrating mast cells in all organs. Using routine light microscopy, histochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy, metachromatic and periodic acid—Schiff–positive granules were identified within the cytoplasm of neoplastic mast cells. Erythrophagocytosis was observed in some neoplastic cells, although its contribution to the anemia was not clear. This report represents the first description of mast cell neoplasia in the goat.

scholarly journals Reproduction in Small Ruminants (Goats)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Sánchez Dávila ◽  
Gerardo Pérez Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Reproductive Techniques ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Bovine Species

The exploitation of small ruminants (goat and sheep) has always been linked to the development of human civilizations, where they have mainly fed on their derived products such as milk and meat. Currently, the sheep population is around 1 billion head concentrated above 50% in three countries, China, Australia, and New Zealand, contrary to goats with around 720 million heads, distributed mainly in Asia, Africa, and South America. Both species have similar characteristics in some anatomical aspects (a pair of nipples), gestation period (150 days), and presence of seasonal anestrus, differing in terms of magnitude and depth and presence of the male effect. However, they are completely different in feeding habits, nutrient needs, and grazing systems, with differences in terms of the female’s reproductive tract, among other characteristics. Currently, the study of reproduction has intensified over the years in the goats and its counterpart that is the buck. Therefore, in the following topics, the importance of global reproduction of the goat will be discussed, considering that progress has been made today in the application of third generation reproductive techniques and that today they are already consolidated and developed in the bovine species.

scholarly journals Rickettsia buchneri sp. nov., a rickettsial endosymbiont of the blacklegged tick Ixodes scapularis

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_3) ◽  
pp. 965-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Kurtti ◽  
Roderick F. Felsheim ◽  
Nicole Y. Burkhardt ◽  
Jonathan D. Oliver ◽  
Chan C. Heu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Temperature Adaptation ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Blacklegged Tick ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Is Strain

We obtained a rickettsial isolate from the ovaries of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis. The isolate (ISO7T) was grown in the Ixodes ricinus embryonic cell line IRE11. We characterized the isolate by transmission electron microscopy and gene sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of 11 housekeeping genes demonstrated that the isolate fulfils the criteria to be classified as a representative of a novel rickettsial species closely related to ‘Rickettsia monacensis’. These rickettsiae form a clade separate from other species of rickettsiae. Gene sequences indicated that several genes important in rickettsial motility, invasiveness and temperature adaptation were mutated (e.g. sca2, rickA, hsp22, pldA and htrA). We propose the name Rickettsia buchneri sp. nov. for this bacterium that infects the ovaries of the tick I. scapularis to acknowledge the pioneering contributions of Professor Paul Buchner (1886–1978) to research on bacterial symbionts. The type strain of R. buchneri sp. nov. is strain ISO-7T ( = DSM 29016T = ATCC VR-1814T).

Disseminated Microsporidiosis in a Pancreas/Kidney Transplant Recipient

2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. e41-e43 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Carlson ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Cathleen L. Helton ◽  
Robert J. Munn ◽  
Katherine Wasson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transplant Recipient ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipient ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Organ System ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Abstract Human microsporidiosis has been described most commonly in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and only rarely in those with other forms of immunosuppression. Only 11 cases of microsporidiosis have been reported previously in solid transplant recipients. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe a case of microsporidiosis in a pancreas/kidney transplant recipient in whom multi–organ system dissemination was observed. This infection was not detected until postmortem examination of stained tissue sections revealed microsporidian spores that were identified as Encephalitozoon species by transmission electron microscopy. It is suspected that leakage from the duodenal anastomosis to the bladder may have contributed to the dissemination of this infection.

scholarly journals Morphology and ultrastructure of megaspores and microspores of Isoetes sehnemii Fuchs (Lycophyta)

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Macluf ◽  
Marta Morbelli ◽  
Gabriela Giudice
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Spore Ornamentation ◽  
Equatorial Diameter ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wall Ultrastructure ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Plant Habitat

The morphology and wall ultrastructure of megaspores and microspores of Isoetes sehnemii that grows in Brazil were analyzed as part of the study of the Isoetaceae present in Southern South America. The observations were performed with light, scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The megaspores are trilete, 350-450μm in equatorial diameter. The surface is reticulate. In section, the sporoderm is 100μm thick including the ornamentation. The wall is composed of a siliceous perispore, which consists of short fused flatten, elements forming a three-dimensional mesh. The exospore has two zones of different structure. The endospore is fibrillar. The microspores are monolete, 21-27μm in equatorial diameter. The sporoderm is composed of a sporopollinic rugulate perispore. A space between the paraexospore and the exospore is evident. The exospore is compact. The endospore is fibrillar. The ultrastructural analysis akes hoologies evident concerning structure and organization of the layers belo the perispore in both spore types. A possible similarity and stability in the ultrustructure of the present spores and fossils could be also inferred. In addition, there would be a correlation among the plant habitat, the spore ornamentation and the geographic distribution.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Yellow Leaf Disease (YLD) and its Associated Areca Palm Velarivirus 1 (APV1) in Betel Palm (Areca catechu) Plantations in Hainan, China

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 2556-2562
Author(s):  
Hongxing Wang ◽  
Ruibai Zhao ◽  
Huaiwen Zhang ◽  
Xianmei Cao ◽  
Zhaotong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Leaf Disease ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Yellow Leaf Disease ◽  
Typical Morphology ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Important Disease

Yellow leaf disease (YLD) is an economically important disease affecting betel palm in several countries, the cause of which remains unclear despite associations with putative agents, including phytoplasmas. In this study, we screened the potential casual agents associated with YLD in Hainan, China using next-generation sequencing and revealed the association of areca palm velarivirus 1 (APV1) with the YLD-affected palm. The complete genome of the APV1-WNY isolate was determined to be 17,546 nucleotides in length, approximately 1.5 kb longer than the previously reported APV1_HN genome. Transmission electron microscopy showed that APV1 particles are flexuous and filamentous, a typical morphology of species in the Closteroviridae family. Comparison of symptomatic and symptomless tree populations showed a strong association between APV1 and YLD. APV1 was detected in Pseudococcus sp. mealybugs sampled from YLD-affected trees in many locations, suggesting that mealybugs are a potential transmission vector for APV1. Although further studies are needed to confirm a causal relationship, these results provide timely information for the prevention and management of YLD associated with APV1.

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