scholarly journals Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from free-range pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (08) ◽  
pp. 652-655
Author(s):  
Hongna Zhang ◽  
Xiaonan Zhao ◽  
Xuepeng Wang ◽  
Weishan Chang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
M 14

Introduction: Numerous studies about antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) of animal origins have been conducted around the world, most of them focus on bacteria from animals raised in intensive breeding farms, but systematic studies on antimicrobial resistance in E. coli of free range animals are still lacking. Methodology: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of E. coli from free-range pigs in Laiwu mountainous areas, eastern China. Results: Among 123 fecal samples, 123 non-duplicate E. coli were obtained with an isolation rate of 100.0％ (123/123). These E. coli showed the highest resistance rate to tetracycline (77/123, 62.6％), but all were sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Thirty-eight E. coli (38/123, 30.9％) showed multidrug resistance (MDR). Among 123 E. coli isolates, only 39 carried antimicrobial resistant genes detected in this study. Of these 39 isolates, blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, qnrB, qnrD, qnrS1, floR and cfr genes were detected in 13, 9, 4, 7, 10, 7, 20, and 7 isolates, respectively. blaTEM-1 and blaCTX-M-14 genes were concomitantly detected in 6 isolates, and blaTEM, qnrB, qnrS and qnrD genes were concomitantly detected in 7 isolates. Conclusions: Free-ranging pigs may be regarded as a potential reservoir for antibiotic resistant genes.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profile and ExPEC Virulence Potential in Commensal Escherichia coli of Multiple Sources

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Elisa Massella ◽  
Federica Giacometti ◽  
Paolo Bonilauri ◽  
Cameron J. Reid ◽  
Steven P. Djordjevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Commensal Flora ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Potential Reservoir

We recently described the genetic antimicrobial resistance and virulence profile of a collection of 279 commensal E. coli of food-producing animal (FPA), pet, wildlife and human origin. Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the role of commensal E. coli as reservoir of extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) virulence-associated genes (VAGs) or as potential ExPEC pathogens were evaluated. The most common phenotypic resistance was to tetracycline (76/279, 27.24%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (73/279, 26.16%), streptomycin and sulfisoxazole (71/279, 25.45% both) among the overall collection. Poultry and rabbit were the sources mostly associated to AMR, with a significant resistance rate (p > 0.01) to quinolones, streptomycin, sulphonamides, tetracycline and, only for poultry, to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Finally, rabbit was the source mostly associated to colistin resistance. Different pandemic (ST69/69*, ST95, ST131) and emerging (ST10/ST10*, ST23, ST58, ST117, ST405, ST648) ExPEC sequence types (STs) were identified among the collection, especially in poultry source. Both ST groups carried high number of ExPEC VAGs (pandemic ExPEC STs, mean = 8.92; emerging ExPEC STs, mean = 6.43) and showed phenotypic resistance to different antimicrobials (pandemic ExPEC STs, mean = 2.23; emerging ExPEC STs, mean = 2.43), suggesting their role as potential ExPEC pathogens. Variable phenotypic resistance and ExPEC VAG distribution was also observed in uncommon ExPEC lineages, suggesting commensal flora as a potential reservoir of virulence (mean = 3.80) and antimicrobial resistance (mean = 1.69) determinants.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli Isolates from Different Clinical Samples in Abeokuta, Ogun State

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
S. L. Owolabi ◽  
I. A. Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile

The alarming increase of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli has posed a great challenge in the public health sector. Thus, this microorganism is a leading cause of different human infections and it can be found in various environments. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the multiple antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from some hospitals in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Isolates of E. coli were obtained from different clinical samples and were re-identified morphologically and biochemically. E. coli was isolated from 30% out of a total of 70 clinical samples analyzed for isolation and identification. The isolation rate of E. coli was highest in urine samples 10(47.6%) when compared to other clinical samples. There was significant increase in the resistance rate of E. coli to tetracycline (14.3%), ceftazidime (14.2%), and ampicillin (14.2%).Also, an increased sensitivity rate to augmentin (71.4%), ofloxacin (66.7%), cefuroxime (66.7%), ciprofloxacin (61.9%) and ceftazidime (61.9%) were observed. Furthermore, the overall multiple drug resistance rates obtained was 14(66.7%) and it was established that, multiple antimicrobial resistance of the E. coli isolates was plasmid mediated. E. coli isolates exhibited high resistance rate to multiple antimicrobial agents, however, its sensitivity to augmentin, ofloxacin, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime showed that these antimicrobials are still effective against E. coli infections in the study area.

Influence of Housing Systems on Microbial Load and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli Isolates from Eggs Produced for Human Consumption

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 847-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELENA ÁLVAREZ-FERNÁNDEZ ◽  
JESSICA DOMÍNGUEZ-RODRÍGUEZ ◽  
ROSA CAPITA ◽  
CARLOS ALONSO-CALLEJA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Enterococcus Spp

Microbial counts (aerobic bacteria, psychrotrophs, Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, Pseudomonas spp., Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and molds and yeasts) were obtained for the shells of 240 table eggs in northwestern Spain. Eggs from six sources (40 samples in each) were analyzed: chicken eggs from five different housing systems (conventional battery cages, barn, free range, organic, and domestic breeding) and quail eggs (cages). A total of 120 Escherichia coli strains (20 from each source) were tested by the disk diffusion method for resistance to 12 antimicrobial drugs of veterinary and human health significance. Aerobic plate counts ranged from 1.96 ± 1.0 (barn) to 3.69 ± 0.7 (domestic) log CFU/cm2. Counts for most microbial groups differed significantly between sources. Eggs from domestic production had the highest contamination loads (P < 0.05) for aerobic bacteria, Enterococcus spp., and molds and yeasts and the highest prevalence of E. coli. Twenty-three E. coli isolates (19.17%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, and 80.83% were resistant to one (22.50%) or more (58.33%) antimicrobials. The housing system had a significant influence (P < 0.05) on the average resistance per strain, with the highest resistance in conventional cage (2.85) and barn (3.10) systems followed by free range (1.55) and quail (1.95). Eggs from organic (1.00) and domestic (0.75) production systems had the lowest resistance per strain. The highest prevalence of resistance was observed for the groups of antimicrobials more frequently used on poultry farms. Our results suggest that a relationship exists between the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli strains and the more frequent use of antimicrobials in conventional (cage, barn, and free range) than in domestic and organic chicken housing systems. Education covering good sanitary practices for handling eggs to avoid cross-contamination or inadequate cooking is needed.

scholarly journals Moderate Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Lettuce, Irrigation Water, and Soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (21) ◽  
pp. 6677-6683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Holvoet ◽  
Imca Sampers ◽  
Benedicte Callens ◽  
Jeroen Dewulf ◽  
Mieke Uyttendaele
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Soil Irrigation ◽  
Resistance Rates

ABSTRACTFresh produce is known to carry nonpathogenic epiphytic microorganisms. During agricultural production and harvesting, leafy greens can become contaminated with antibiotic-resistant pathogens or commensals from animal and human sources. As lettuce does not undergo any inactivation or preservation treatment during processing, consumers may be exposed directly to all of the (resistant) bacteria present. In this study, we investigated whether lettuce or its production environment (irrigation water, soil) is able to act as a vector or reservoir of antimicrobial-resistantEscherichia coli. Over a 1-year period, eight lettuce farms were visited multiple times and 738 samples, including lettuce seedlings (leaves and soil), soil, irrigation water, and lettuce leaves were collected. From these samples, 473 isolates ofEscherichia coliwere obtained and tested for resistance to 14 antimicrobials. Fifty-four isolates (11.4%) were resistant to one or more antimicrobials. The highest resistance rate was observed for ampicillin (7%), followed by cephalothin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and streptomycin, with resistance rates between 4.4 and 3.6%. No resistance to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, or kanamycin was observed. One isolate was resistant to cefotaxime. Among the multiresistant isolates (n= 37), ampicillin and cephalothin showed the highest resistance rates, at 76 and 52%, respectively.E. coliisolates from lettuce showed higher resistance rates thanE. coliisolates obtained from soil or irrigation water samples. When the presence of resistance inE. coliisolates from lettuce production sites and their resistance patterns were compared with the profiles of animal-derivedE. colistrains, they were found to be the most comparable with what is found in the cattle reservoir. This may suggest that cattle are a potential reservoir of antimicrobial-resistantE. colistrains in plant primary production.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic factors associated with antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli in Chilean hospitals (2008–2017)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Kasim Allel ◽  
Patricia García ◽  
Jaime Labarca ◽  
José M. Munita ◽  
Magdalena Rendic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Factors Associated

Objective. To identify socioeconomic factors associated with antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli in Chilean hospitals (2008–2017). Methods. We reviewed the scientific literature on socioeconomic factors associated with the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Using multivariate regression, we tested findings from the literature drawing from a longitudinal dataset on antimicrobial resistance from 41 major private and public hospitals and a nationally representative household survey in Chile (2008–2017). We estimated resistance rates for three priority antibiotic–bacterium pairs, as defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; i.e., imipenem and meropenem resistant P. aeruginosa, cloxacillin resistant S. aureus, and cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli. Results. Evidence from the literature review suggests poverty and material deprivation are important risk factors for the emergence and transmission of antimicrobial resistance. Most studies found that worse socioeconomic indicators were associated with higher rates of antimicrobial resistance. Our analysis showed an overall antimicrobial resistance rate of 32.5%, with the highest rates for S. aureus (40.6%) and the lowest for E. coli (25.7%). We found a small but consistent negative association between socioeconomic factors (income, education, and occupation) and overall antimicrobial resistance in univariate (p < 0.01) and multivariate analyses (p < 0.01), driven by resistant P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Conclusion. Socioeconomic factors beyond health care and hospital settings may affect the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Preventing and controlling antimicrobial resistance requires efforts above and beyond reducing antibiotic consumption.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Diversity of Clones among Faecal ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy and Sick Dogs Living in Portugal

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Isabel Carvalho ◽  
Rita Cunha ◽  
Carla Martins ◽  
Sandra Martínez-Álvarez ◽  
Nadia Safia Chenouf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Positive Isolate ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
M 14

The purpose of this study was to analyse the prevalence and genetic characteristics of ESBL and acquired-AmpC (qAmpC)-producing Escherichia coli isolates from healthy and sick dogs in Portugal. Three hundred and sixty-one faecal samples from sick and healthy dogs were seeded on MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime (2 µg/mL) for cefotaxime-resistant (CTXR) E. coli recovery. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for 15 antibiotics was performed and the ESBL-phenotype of the E. coli isolates was screened. Detection of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, and molecular typing of the isolates (phylogroups, multilocus-sequence-typing, and specific-ST131) were performed by PCR (and sequencing when required). CTXRE. coli isolates were obtained in 51/361 faecal samples analysed (14.1%), originating from 36/234 sick dogs and 15/127 healthy dogs. Forty-seven ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were recovered from 32 sick (13.7%) and 15 healthy animals (11.8%). Different variants of blaCTX-M genes were detected among 45/47 ESBL-producers: blaCTX-M-15 (n = 26), blaCTX-M-1 (n = 10), blaCTX-M-32 (n = 3), blaCTX-M-55 (n = 3), blaCTX-M-14 (n = 2), and blaCTX-M-variant (n = 1); one ESBL-positive isolate co-produced CTX-M-15 and CMY-2 enzymes. Moreover, two additional CTXR ESBL-negative E. coli isolates were CMY-2-producers (qAmpC). Ten different sequence types were identified (ST/phylogenetic-group/β-lactamase): ST131/B2/CTX-M-15, ST617/A/CTX-M-55, ST3078/B1/CTX-M-32, ST542/A/CTX-M-14, ST57/D/CTX-M-1, ST12/B2/CTX-M-15, ST6448/B1/CTX-M-15 + CMY-2, ST5766/A/CTX-M-32, ST115/D/CMY-2 and a new-ST/D/CMY-2. Five variants of CTX-M enzymes (CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-1 predominant) and eight different clonal complexes were detected from canine ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. Although at a lower rate, CMY-2 β-lactamase was also found. Dogs remain frequent carriers of ESBL and/or qAmpC-producing E. coli with a potential zoonotic role.

Clinical Risk Factors And Multi-Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern In Community-Acquired Outpatient Urinary Tract Isolates of Escherichia Coli

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nadeem Ahmed ◽  
Debby Vannoy ◽  
Ann Frederick ◽  
Xuan Bi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Font Size ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽  
Urinary Isolates

<p><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Objective:</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> To evaluate multi-antimicrobial resistance pattern of <em>Escherichia coli</em></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> (</span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">E. coli</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">) urinary isolates and the risk factors associated with commonly prescribed antibiotics in emergency department and primary care clinics.</span><span style="font-size: medium;">    </span></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Method</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> This is a cross-sectional study of patients 18 to 65 years of age reported to have <em>E. coli</em></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> positive urinary tract infections (UTIs) whose medical and laboratory records were systematically reviewed.</span><span style="font-size: medium;">   </span></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Overall, 37.7% <em>E. coli</em></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> urinary isolates were resistant to ampicillin, 18.3% to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), and 7.8% to ciprofloxacin. About 21% isolates were resistant to two or more antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin-resistant </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">E. coli</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;"> isolates from outpatient urine sample were frequently resistant to ampicillin (81.5%), and TMP/SMX (58.2%). The concurrent resistance rate of ciprofloxacin was about 8 times more frequent (24.8% vs. 3.1%) than nitrofurantoin among TMP/SMX-resistant </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">E. coli</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;"> urinary isolates. Patients with histories of genitourinary abnormalities were 1.59 times (</span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">CI 1.27-1.98</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">) more likely have </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">E. coli</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;"> isolates resistant to TMP/SMX, and 2.35 times more likely (</span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">CI 1.79-3.09</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">) to ciprofloxacin. Diabetic patients were at increased risk for resistance to TMP/SMX (</span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">OR 1.37,</span></em><em><span style="font-size: medium;">CI 1.14-1.65</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">) and ciprofloxacin (</span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">OR 2.51,</span></em><em><span style="font-size: medium;">CI 2.00-3.16</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">). Obesity is significantly associated with ciprofloxacin resistance (</span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">OR 1.68,</span></em><em><span style="font-size: medium;">CI 1.34-2.09</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">). TMP/SMX and ciprofloxacin resistance rate increased gradually with the number of previous UTIs, hospitalizations, and antibiotic prescriptions.</span><span style="font-size: medium;">  </span></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Ciprofloxacin resistant isolates of <em>E. coli</em></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> from urine were frequently multi-drug resistant and TMP/SMX can induce ciprofloxacin resistant. In addition to demographic factors, history of genitourinary abnormalities, diabetes, obesity, number of hospitalizations, previous diagnosis of UTIs, antibiotic prescriptions in previous 6 months are risk factors for antimicrobial resistance. </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p>

Coinfection with Human Norovirus and Escherichia coli O25:H4 Harboring Two Chromosomal blaCTX-M-14 Genes in a Foodborne Norovirus Outbreak in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 1584-1591
Author(s):  
HIROMI NAGAOKA ◽  
SHINICHIRO HIRAI ◽  
HIROTAKA MORINUSHI ◽  
SHIRO MIZUMOTO ◽  
KANA SUZUKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Healthy Persons ◽  
M 14

ABSTRACT Hospital-acquired infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing Escherichia coli are a global problem. Healthy people can carry ESBL-producing E. coli in the intestines; thus, E. coli from healthy people can potentially cause hospital-acquired infections. Therefore, the transmission routes of ESBL-producing E. coli from healthy persons should be determined. A foodborne outbreak of human norovirus (HuNoV) GII occurred at a restaurant in Shizuoka, Japan, in 2018. E. coli O25:H4 was isolated from some of the HuNoV-infected customers. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that these E. coli O25:H4 strains originated from one clone. Because the only epidemiological link among the customers was eating food from this restaurant, the customers were concurrently infected with E. coli O25:H4 and HuNoV GII via the restaurant food. Whole genome analysis revealed that the E. coli O25:H4 strains possessed genes for regulating intracellular iron and expressing the flagellum and flagella. Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli often express these genes on the chromosome. Additionally, the E. coli O25:H4 strains had plasmids harboring nine antimicrobial resistance genes. These strains harbored ESBL-encoding blaCTX-M-14 genes on two loci of the chromosome and had higher ESBL activity. Multilocus sequence typing and fimH subtyping revealed that the E. coli O25:H4 strains from the outbreak belonged to the subclonal group, ST131-fimH30R, which has been driving ESBL epidemics in Japan. Because the E. coli O25:H4 strains isolated in the outbreak belonged to a subclonal group spreading in Japan, foods contaminated with ESBL-producing E. coli might contribute to spreading these strains among healthy persons. The isolated E. coli O25:H4 strains produced ESBL and contained plasmids with multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, which may make it difficult to select antimicrobials for treating extraintestinal infections caused by these strains. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Association between the blaCTX-M-14-harboring Escherichia coli Isolated from Weasels and Domestic Animals Reared on a University Campus

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Montira Yossapol ◽  
Miku Yamamoto ◽  
Michiyo Sugiyama ◽  
Justice Opare Odoi ◽  
Tsutomu Omatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Group Method ◽  
University Campus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
M 14

Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria affect human and animal health worldwide. Here, CTX-M-14-producing Escherichia coli isolates were isolated from Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica) that were captured on a veterinary campus. To clarify the source of bacteria in the weasels, we examined the domestic animals reared in seven facilities on the campus. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli were isolated on deoxycholate hydrogen sulfide lactose agar, containing cephalexin (50 μg/mL) or cefotaxime (2 μg/mL), and were characterized with antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), replicon typing, and β-lactamase typing analyses. Next-generation sequencing of the ESBL-encoding plasmids was also performed. CTX-M-14 producers isolated from both domestic animals and weasels were classified into six clusters with seven PFGE profiles. The PFGE and antimicrobial resistance profiles were characterized by the animal facility. All CTX-M-14 plasmids belonged to the IncI1 type with a similar size (98.9–99.3 kb), except for one plasmid that was 105.5 kb in length. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) revealed that the CTX-M-14 plasmid in the weasel isolates might have the same origin as the CTX-M-14 plasmid in the domestic animals. Our findings shed further light on the association of antimicrobial resistance between wild and domestic animals.

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