scholarly journals Nutritional status of HIV-positive individuals on free HAART treatment in a developing nation

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 745-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Nnamdi Obi ◽  
Ngozi Appolonia Ifebunandu ◽  
Azubuike K Onyebuchi
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Inadequate Dietary Intake

Introduction: HIV positive individuals are prone to malnutrition due to inadequate dietary intake. Additionally, in low-income countries, including Nigeria, stigmatization and discrimination result in a lack of support for HIV-positive individuals ultimately contributing to even further reduced food availability and inadequate dietary intake. This study aimed to determine the nutrirional status of HIV-positive individuals on free, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Abakaliki, southeast Nigeria. Methodology: Subjective global assessment (SGA) technique was used to survey the nutritional status of 120 HIV-positive individuals and a control group over a one-year period. Results: All the HIV-positive individuals and their control group were physically active, with a third of them belonging to the lower socioeconomic status. There were significantly more malnourished individuals among the HIV-positive group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Malnutrition is common among HIV-positive patients in southeast Nigeria.  

scholarly journals Prevalence of protein energy malnutrition in HIV-infected under five children and the effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on their nutritional status in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 053-061
Author(s):  
Sylvia T Echendu ◽  
Kenneth N Okeke ◽  
Joy C Ebenebe ◽  
Ebelechuku F Ugochukwu ◽  
Chinyere U Onubogu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Highly Active

Aim: To determine the prevalence of malnutrition among HIV- infected under-five children and effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the nutritional status. Method: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted among under-fives presenting at the Paediatric HIV clinic in a tertiary centre in Nigeria. HIV positive children aged less than five years, who were on HAART and whose parents/caregivers gave consent were included. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined in a multivariate logistic regression analysis and p-values of <0.05 were considered significant. Result: A total of 92 HIV positive children comprising 52 (56.5%) males and 40 (43.5%) females were recruited, giving a ratio of 1.3:1. Children who were more than 48 months of age were (46.7%), while (9.8%) were aged 24 months or less. The mean age of the children was 44.5+12.9 months, while that of the male and female children were 43.9 +13.1 months and 45.2+12.6 months, respectively, and their age difference was statistically insignificant. The prevalence of undernutrition was 40.2% with a significantly higher proportion of them being male children (P= 0.02) while 1.1% of the children was overweight. The prevalence of severe wasting, severe underweight and severe stunting were 2.1, 3.3 and 17.4% respectively. A total of 12 (13.0%) were wasted, 14 (15.2%) were underweight, and 26 (28.3%) were stunted. Children who received HAART for more than 12 months were less likely to be wasted (P=0.02). Multivariate logistic regression also showed that being a male increased the risk of being underweight (OR=2.55, 95%CL=1.06-6.16) and stunted (OR=2.67, 95%CL=1.32-5.40). Conclusion: Malnutrition remains a problem of children living with HIV even while they are on HAART. The longer duration of HAART is significantly associated with better nutritional status.

scholarly journals Nutritional assessment and lipid profile in HIV-infected children and adolescents treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Hjertquist Tremeschin ◽  
Daniela Saes Sartorelli ◽  
Maria Célia Cervi ◽  
Bento Vidal de Moura Negrini ◽  
Roberta Garcia Salomão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Healthy Control

INTRODUCTION: HIV-infected children and adolescents treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens that include a protease inhibitor (PI) can show significant improvements in clinical outcomes, nutritional status and quality of life. The study aimed to report nutritional and metabolic alterations for pediatric patients continuously exposed to HAART and for healthy controls for up to 1 year. METHODS: Clinical, anthropometric, lipid profile and food intake data were collected prospectively over approximately 12-months for each patient. RESULTS: Fifty-one individuals were studied, of these, 16 were healthy. After 12 months follow-up, HIV-positive individuals remained below the healthy control group parameters. No change was observed concerning food intake. Triglyceride serum levels were higher in patients using protease inhibitor at the onset of the study [PI groups: 114 (43 - 336), and 136 (63 - 271) versus control group: 54.5 (20 - 162); p = 0.003], but after twelve months follow-up, only the group using protease inhibitor for up to two months presented higher values [140 (73 - 273) versus 67.5 (33 - 117); p = 0.004]. HDL-cholesterol was lower in HIV-positive individuals [HIV-positive groups: 36 (27 - 58) and 36 (23 - 43); control 49.5 (34 - 69); p = 0.004]. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected children and adolescents treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy showed compromised nutritional parameters compared to a paired healthy control group. Individuals using protease inhibitor presented worse triglyceride serum levels compared to their healthy counterparts.

scholarly journals NEUROCOGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN HIV/AIDS: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-436
Author(s):  
Linlin Lindayani ◽  
Anastasia Anna ◽  
Nai-Ying Ko
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV-associated with neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is a major interest issues worldwide, as results from introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) and increasing life expectancy. However, previous studies have been limited by lack of a guiding framework. The purpose of this review was to provide a conceptual framework to guide studies of neurocognitive impairment in patients with HIV/AIDS. A literature search was conducted of articles published from 1998 through December 2015 using the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Ebscohost databases on evaluating the problem of neurocognitive impairment in HIV. This search resulted in a total of 36 articles. Evidence has indicated that there are neurobiological changes and brain abnormalities among people living with HIV/AID, which may affect cognitive functioning. Being infected by HIV and increased age are independently factors on HAND. However, there is remaining unclear the effect of HAART, is protective factors or risk factors of HAND and its consequence on quality of life among patients with HIV/AIDS. Considering the major issues in above, patient with HIV/AIDS is vulnerable population for developing HAND that might have been resulted to under report. Future studies focusses on exploring HAND is necessary especially from low income countries where the accessibility to HAART are limited.

Antiretroviral Treatment-Associated Labia Majora Lipohypertrophy: A Rare Case and Plastic Surgical Treatment Options

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Akmal Hisham ◽  
Devananthan Ilenghoven ◽  
Wan Syazli Wan Ahmad Kamal ◽  
Salina Ibrahim ◽  
Shah Jumaat Mohd Yussof
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Labia Majora ◽  
The Face ◽  
Central Fat

The emergence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has revolutionized the prognosis of HIV-infected patients. However, the extended use of HAART is associated with a disfiguring complication termed lipodystrophy, a disorder of body fat maldistribution causing peripheral fat loss (lipoatrophy) and central fat accumulation (lipohypertrophy). Lipoatrophy commonly affects the face, legs, buttocks and arm, whilst lipohypertrophy frequently favours the abdomen, breast and dorsocervical region. To our knowledge, we present only the second documented case in the literature of a labia majora lipohypertrophy in a HIV-positive patient receiving long-term HAART. The severity of labial abnormality caused significant physical and functional morbidities. Labiaplasty with dermolipectomy of the labia majora and excisional lipectomy of the mons pubis was successfully performed. At a 6-month follow-up, patient had no recurrence with resolution of symptoms and resumption of normal activities of daily living (ADL).

Long-term effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on cervical lesions in HIV-positive women

AIDS ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 2136-2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Uberti-Foppa ◽  
Davide Ferrari ◽  
Sara Lodini ◽  
Salvatore Reina ◽  
Franco Ameglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Long Term Effect

scholarly journals Examination of Haematotoxicity of Fixed-Dose Highly Active Antiretroviral Drug in Albino Wistar Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Thomas Nubila ◽  
Ernest O. Ukaejiofo ◽  
Nkoyo I. Nubila ◽  
Godfrey I. Okorie
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Significant Difference

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is considered toxic and has other life-threatening side effects. Our aim was to evaluate the haematotoxic effects of lamivudine, zidovudine, and nevirapine fixed-dose combinations in Albino Wistar rats. Fifty (50) three (3) months old male Albino Wistar rats weighing between 200 and 250 g were randomly assigned to five (5) groups (A, B, C, D, and E). Group A served as control. Two (2 mLs) of venous blood was aseptically collected on Days 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 of treatment. Red blood cell (RBC) mean value recorded statistically significant increase () in groups B and C when compared with the control group on Day 5. However, there was a statistically significant decrease () in RBC, haemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), and some red cell indices on Day 10. In addition there was no statistically significant difference () in all the parameters evaluated when the test group was compared with the control on Day 25. Furthermore, there was a time-related statistically significant increase () in the two major blood cells—RBC and platelet counts. From the result of this present study, it can be concluded that HAART when administered in fixed-dose combinations have no subacute haematotoxic effects.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on caregivers’ perspective of the quality of life and adherence of paediatric HIV patients to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lahai ◽  
Peter Bai. James ◽  
Noel N. Wannang ◽  
Haja R. Wurie ◽  
Sorie Conteh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Health Domains

Abstract Background: Poor compliance to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can result in the poor quality of life in children living with HIV/AIDS because of low plasma drug concentration and the possibility of drug resistance. This study evaluates the response of caregivers for determination of adherence and the four quality of life domains in children (aged 14 years and under) on HAART.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 188 children, each accompanied by their caregivers at Ola During Children's Hospital and Makeni Government Hospital between September and November 2016. Adherence to HAART and Quality of life was assessed using the WHO Quality of life summary questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). We obtained ethical approval from the Sierra Leone Ethics and Scientific Review Committee. Results: The study revealed 5.9% adherence amongst paediatric patients, and a strong association of adherent patients(p=0.019*) to the physical health domain (mean=64.61 SD=8.1).Caregiver HIV status showed a strong association with the physical (mean=58.3, SD=11.7 and p=0.024*), and psychological health domains (mean=68.2, SD=14.7 and p=0.001). Caregiver type (mother/father/sibling) accompanying child to hospital also showed strong associated with the physical (mean=58.0, SD=10.6, p <0.001), psychological (mean 68.2 SD=14.81 p <0.001) and environmental health domains (mean=59.7, SD=13.47, p <0.001). Further regression analysis showed a strong association with physical health domain for HIV positive caregivers (p=0.014) and adherent paediatric patients (p=0.005). Nuclear family also showed a strong association with psychological (p<0.001) and environmental (p=0.001) health domains. Conclusion: This study showed a strong association between the quality of life domains and the involvement of nuclear family caregiver, HIV-positive caregiver and adherence to HAART. Our study suggests that the involvement of any member of the nuclear family, HIV positive parents and patient adherence to therapy can improve the quality of life of paediatric HIV/AIDS patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in the two hospitals.

Access and Adoption of Hybrid Seeds: Evidence from Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-235
Author(s):  
Nikolaus Axmann ◽  
Torben Fischer ◽  
Kevin Keller ◽  
Kevin Leiby ◽  
Daniel Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Female Farmers ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Plant Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Abstract Adoption of hybrid seeds remains low in many low-income countries. We conduct a field-experiment designed to measure the effect of offering hybrid maize seeds for purchase during a time when potential customers have high liquidity. Working with a large buyer of agricultural commodities in Northern Uganda, we randomly offer smallholder farmers the opportunity to purchase certified hybrid maize seeds at the same time as they visit the buyers’ stores to sell crops from a previous harvest. 16% of those offered purchase hybrid seeds, and average adoption of hybrid maize among those offered increases by 8 percentage points compared to a control group who does not receive the offer. Among those who accept the offer, we see an increase in the propensity to plant hybrid maize of 50 percentage points. This effect is more pronounced for female farmers than for their male counterparts. Our findings suggest that providing access to certified agricultural inputs at the place and time of post-harvest sales is a promising strategy to increase input usage.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Squamous Cell Cancer of the Anus: Epidemiology and Outcomes in the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Era

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Y. Chiao ◽  
Thomas P. Giordano ◽  
Peter Richardson ◽  
Hashem B. El-Serag
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Negative

Purpose To evaluate and determine predictors of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) outcomes in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era for HIV-positive and -negative individuals using large national Veterans Affairs (VA) Administration databases. Patients and Methods We used the VA administrative databases to perform a retrospective cohort study in 1,184 veterans diagnosed with SCCA between 1998 and 2004. We calculated HIV infection rates and used logistic regression to identify epidemiologic factors that were associated with HIV infection. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were calculated to compare survival between HIV-positive and HIV-negative veterans. Results In our cohort, 175 patients (15%) were HIV positive. The median age of the HIV-negative and -positive patients was 63 and 49 years, respectively (P < .001). Individuals with HIV were eight times more likely to be male (P = .01) and three times more likely to be African American (P < .001). There were no differences between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in the receipt of treatment. The 2-year observed survival rates were 77% and 75% among HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals, respectively. In multivariate Cox analysis, significant predictors of survival were age, sex, metastasis at diagnosis, and comorbidity score. HIV infection did not affect survival. Conclusion A noteworthy proportion of individuals with SCCA in the VA system are HIV positive. HIV-associated SCCA seems mainly to be a disease among younger men. Survival of SCCA is equivalent between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in the HAART era. Treatment should not be withheld or deintensified based on HIV status.

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