scholarly journals Effectiveness of etravirine-based therapy for treatment-experienced HIV-infected patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (06) ◽  
pp. 605-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Huerta García ◽  
José Antonio Mata-Marín ◽  
Juan Carlos Domínguez-Hermosillo ◽  
Marcelino Chavez-García ◽  
Marco Issac Banda-Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Virological Failure ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

Introduction: Treatment options are limited for HIV-1-infected individuals who have received extensive previous antiretroviral therapy. ETV has shown significant clinical benefits in treatment-experienced HIV-1+ patients with antiretroviral resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ETV plus optimized background regimen in real-life conditions in a cohort of highly HIV-1 antiretroviral-experienced patients. Methodology: Retrospective cohort of treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected adults with virological failure who started therapy with an ETV-containing regimen. The effectiveness was evaluated using HIV-1 RNA viral load and changes in CD4+ cell count after 48 weeks of treatment. Results: Forty-two patients ≥ 16 years of age were included; 74% were men, and the median age was 45 years (IQR 41–53). All participants had prior non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor use (55% nevirapine, 83%, efavirenz, and 28% both). Baseline median HIV-1 RNA viral load was 15,598 copies/mL (IQR 2651–84,175) and CD4+ cell count was 276 cells/mL (IQR 155–436). After 48 weeks of treatment, 90.5% (95% CI 78–96) of patients had HIV-1 RNA viral load < 200 copies/mL and 76% (95% CI 61–86) had < 50 copies/mL. CD4+ cell counts increased from baseline to 48 weeks of treatment to a median of 407 cells/mL (IQR 242–579); p < 0.001. Virological outcome was associated with virological failure at baseline HIV-1 RNA viral load ≥100,000 copies/mL (OR 7.6; 95% CI 1.2–44.80; p = 0.025). Conclusions: Our study provides clinically important evidence of the effectiveness and safety of ETV in highly antiretroviral-experienced HIV-1-infected patients.

scholarly journals Frequency of Cytomegalovirus Viral Load in Iranian Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Patients with CD4+ Counts <100 Cells/mm3

Intervirology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Jabbari ◽  
Hoorieh Soleimanjahi ◽  
Somayeh Shatizadeh Malekshahi ◽  
Mohammad Gholami ◽  
Leila Sadeghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of present work was to assess cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in Iranian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients with a CD4+ count &#x3c;100 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> and to explore whether CMV DNA loads correlate with CD4+ cell counts or associated retinitis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study was conducted at the AIDS research center in Iran on HIV-1-infected patients with CD4+ count &#x3c;100 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>, antiretroviral therapy-naive, aged ≥18 years with no previous history of CMV end-organ disease (CMV-EOD). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Thirty-nine of 82 patients (47.56%) had detectable CMV viral load ranging from 66 to 485,500 IU/mL. CMV viral load in patients with retinitis ranges from 352 to 2,720 IU/mL, and it was undetectable in 2 patients. No significant associations between CMV viremia and CD4+ cell count was found (<i>p</i> value = 0.31), whereas significant association of CMV viremia in HIV-infected patients with retinitis was found (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.02). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We estimated the frequency of CMV viral load infection in Iranian HIV-1-infected patients with a CD4+ cell count &#x3c;100 mm<sup>3</sup>/mL in the largest national referral center for HIV-1 infection in Iran. Further research is required on the relevance of CMV viral load in diagnostic and prognostic value of CMV-EOD.

Characteristics allelic of Human Leukocyte Antigen class I genotype and association with viral load and CD4 cell count in HIV-1 infected patients, Hanoi 2014 – 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Minh Tam ◽  
Nguyen Thuy Linh ◽  
Phan Ha My ◽  
Nguyen Thi Lan Anh
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Class I ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I plays a regulatory role in cellular immune response to HIV-1 infection. The role of HLA alleles in HIV progression via viral load and CD4 cell count is well known. HLA class I is polymorphic and distributed differently by nation. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 303 HIV-1 infected patients in 2014 - 2016, with aims to (i) characterize HLA class I genotype with 4-digit nomenclature and (ii) identify specifc alleles in correlate with CD4 cell counts and HIV viral load. 117 allele genotypes have been identifed, including 28 HLA-A alleles, 54 HLA-B alleles and 35 HLA-C alleles. The results showed that the most prevalent alleles in the population include A*11:01 (30.7%), B*15:02 (15.2%) and C*08:01 (17.1%). The frequency of haplotype created from these alleles is 8.4%. A*02:03, B*46:01 related to gender and ethnicity respectively. In conclusion, the study provided detailed pattern of HLA class I expression in a study population of HIV-1 infected patients and reported for the frst time the associated B*51:01, C*14:02 alleles associated to an increase in CD4 cell counts.

scholarly journals Early Postseroconversion CD4 Cell Counts Independently Predict CD4 Cell Count Recovery in HIV-1–Postive Subjects Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemant Kulkarni ◽  
Jason F Okulicz ◽  
Greg Grandits ◽  
Nancy F Crum-Cianflone ◽  
Michael L Landrum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Count Recovery

scholarly journals Impact on life expectancy of HIV-1 positive individuals of CD4+ cell count and viral load response to antiretroviral therapy

AIDS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1193-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret T. May ◽  
Mark Gompels ◽  
Valerie Delpech ◽  
Kholoud Porter ◽  
Chloe Orkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Load Response ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Viral Load Response

The effect of baseline CD4 cell count and HIV-1 viral load on the efficacy and safety of nevirapine or efavirenz-based first-line HAART

AIDS ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
F van Leth ◽  
S Andrews ◽  
B Grinsztejn ◽  
E Wilkins ◽  
MK Lazanas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

HIV-1 plasma RNA viral load and CD4 cell count in drug-naïve HIV-1 infected patients in Kaduna State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
MohammedIbrahim Tahir ◽  
MaryamAminu Aminu ◽  
AhmedBabangida Suleiman ◽  
AhmedSaraja Opaluwa ◽  
AbdurrahmanEl-Fulaty Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Plasma Rna ◽  
Hiv 1

Impact of Combined Anti-Retroviral Therapy on HIV-Associated Non-Hodgkin-Lymphoma - a Prospective European Multi-Cohort Study on Behalf of the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe (COHERE) Study Group

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 878-878
Author(s):  
Julia Bohlius
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background: Following its introduction in 1996, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has led to a substantial reduction in HIV-associated morbidity and mortality. The decline has, however, been less pronounced for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) than for other HIV-related complications, and NHL has become the most common cancer associated with HIV. Within the framework of a large prospective European multi-cohort project, the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe (COHERE), we studied the incidence and risk factors for the development and survival of NHL in HIV-infected patients in the cART era. Methods: We analyzed the data of HIV- infected adult patients (aged >16 years) who were cART naïve at inclusion and started cART after 01.01.1998, at a time when cART had become well established and widely used in Europe. cART was defined as a regimen of at least 3 antiretroviral drugs. Patients had to have CD4 count measurements available before the start of cART and the diagnosis of NHL. Patients developing NHL before receiving cART (“not on cART”) and patients developing NHL while receiving cART (“on cART”) were analyzed separately. Both patients with Primary Brain Lymphoma (PBL) and systemic NHL were included in the analysis. Incidence rates were calculated based on the Poisson distribution; risk factors were estimated using crude and adjusted Weibull models, with random effects to account for heterogeneity between cohorts. Models with time varying covariates were used to explore the effects of CD4 cell counts and plasma HIV-RNA loads over time. Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier life table probabilities, with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: For the incidence analysis 56,305 patients from 22 cohort studies across Europe with 212,042 person-years at risk were evaluated. The incidence for NHL (both systemic NHL and PBL) in patients not on cART was 519 (95% CI 448 to 602) per 100,000 personyears compared to 229 (95% CI 208 to 252) per 100,000 person-years in those on cART. The corresponding rates for PBL were 57 (95% CI 36 to 89) per 100,000 person-years and 24 (95% CI 18 to 33) per 100,000 person years. In cART naïve patients risk factors for NHL were older age and low CD4 cell count nadirs. When included as time up-dated variables, high plasma HIV-1 RNA loads and low CD4 cell counts emerged as important risk factors. In patients receiving cART risk factors included low CD4 cell count nadirs, older age, and groups associated with HHV-8 infection, i.e. men having sex with men and patients with a previous diagnosis of Kaposi Sarcoma. Time up-dated HIV-1 RNA plasma concentration and CD4 cell count were also associated with developing NHL while on cART. For the survival analysis 847 NHL patients were eligible. Of those, 364 (43%) were cART naïve at diagnosis of NHL. After one year 66% (95% CI 63%–70%) of patients with systemic NHL and 54% (95% CI 43%–65%) of patients with PBL were alive. Risk factors for death were diagnosis of PBL, low CD4 cell count nadir and history of injection drug use. Conclusions: Combined anti-retroviral therapy reduces the risk of developing NHL. In the era of cART more advanced immunodeficiency is the dominant risk factors for developing NHL both in patients receiving and not receiving cART. Two thirds of patients diagnosed with HIV-related NHL other than PBL survive for longer than one year after diagnosis. Survival is poorer in patients diagnosed with PBL.

scholarly journals Comparison of CD4 Cell Count, Viral Load, and Other Markers for the Prediction of Mortality among HIV‐1–Infected Kenyan Pregnant Women

2009 ◽  
Vol 199 (9) ◽  
pp. 1292-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Brown ◽  
Phelgona Otieno ◽  
Dorothy A. Mbori‐Ngacha ◽  
Carey Farquhar ◽  
Elizabeth M. Obimbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Prediction Of Mortality ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1
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