scholarly journals Identification of Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar infection in Maceió, Alagoas State, northeast Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1146-1150
Author(s):  
Rafael V Santos ◽  
Gilberto Fontes ◽  
Iasmin A C Duarte ◽  
José A. Santos-Júnior ◽  
Eliana M M Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sedimentation Technique ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Specific Diagnostic Test

Introduction: A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the prevalence of E. histolytica and E. dispar by examining stool samples obtained from 1,003 students of public schools in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. Methodology: All stool samples were processed using the spontaneous sedimentation technique and examined microscopically for the presence of Entamoeba species. In order to distinguish infections caused by E. histolytica, fecal samples presenting cysts of Entamoeba were subjected to specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The analysis of the fecal specimens by microscopy identified 6.4% (64/1,003) students positive for E. histolytica/E. dispar/E. moshkovskii cysts. The prevalence of E. histolytica detected by ELISA was 3.0% (30/1,003) and by PCR 2.8% (28/1,003), but the difference is not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The prevalence of E. dispar in schoolchildren was 5.0% (50/1,003). Mixed infections with E. histolytica and E. dispar were also detected by PCR.  Even though immunological and molecular methods have shown similar results for identification of E. histolytica, ELISA is advantageous over the PCR since it is relatively cheaper and easier to perform. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the occurrence of E. histolytica in Maceió and highlights the need to introduce a specific diagnostic test to detect amoebiasis cases in public laboratories.

scholarly journals The Role of Angiopoietin-2 Gene Mutation on Clinical Severity of Dengue Disease in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (B) ◽  
pp. 1110-1115
Author(s):  
Mayetti Akmal ◽  
Amirah Zatil Izzah ◽  
Jamsari ◽  
Eriyati Darwin ◽  
Dadang Hudaya Somasetia
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Angiopoietin 2

BACKGROUND: In general, angiopoietin-2 levels are increased concomitantly with dengue clinical severity. AIM: This research aims to determine the role of mutation on angiopoietin-2 on dengue clinical severity. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 108 children with dengue disease grouped by severity. Angiopoietin-2 level was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Polymerase chain reaction and double nucleic acid sequencing are using 2 Exon 4-F primers. RESULTS: Angiopoietin-2 levels on rs7834131 mutant are higher in dengue fever (p < 0.05) and dengue hemorrhage fever group than non-mutant, while on dengue shock syndrome, it is lower than non-mutant. CONCLUSION: Angiopoietin-2 mutation on rs7834131 might have a protective effect on dengue disease severity.

Circulating Rotavirus Genotypes among Children Younger than 5 Years with Acute Gastroenteritis in Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Jummai Giwa ◽  
Maria Garba ◽  
Abdulaziz Mukhtar ◽  
Mukhtar Idris ◽  
Belinda Lartey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Diversity

Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine the circulating rotavirus genotypes among children 0 to 59 months with acute gastroenteritis in Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional hospital-based study was performed from November 2015 to April 2017 on 415 stool samples of children 0 to 59 months with acute gastroenteritis presenting at the pediatric clinics in five selected health care facilities in Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria. The stool samples were tested for group A rotavirus antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the ProSpecT™ Rotavirus Microplate Assay (Thermo Scientific Oxoid, United Kingdom). Rotavirus-positive strains were further characterized using seminested multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results Of the 415 diarrheal stool samples collected from children with acute gastroenteritis, 12.3% (n = 51) tested positive by ELISA. Five rotavirus G genotypes (G1, G2, G3, G9, and G12) and three P genotypes (P[4], P[6], and P[8]) were detected. Eight genotype combinations were detected with G1P[8], G12P[8], and G3P[6] being the most prevalent (9.8% each) followed by G1P[6], G2P[4], and G9P[8] (5.9% each). G/P mix types representing 25.5% (n = 13) of strains were detected during the study period. Conclusion This study found a high diversity of rotavirus strains with emerging unusual rotavirus genotypes and a concurrent high proportion of mixed infections. This increased antigenic diversity of rotavirus strains may impact on vaccine effectiveness and rotavirus epidemiology and highlights the importance of continuous surveillance.

West Nile Virus Chorioretinitis in the Presence of Negative Cerebrospinal Fluid Polymerase Chain Reaction Results

2021 ◽  
pp. 247412642097925
Author(s):  
Kareem Moussa ◽  
Karen W. Jeng-Miller ◽  
Leo A. Kim ◽  
Dean Eliott
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Serum ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Purpose: This work aims to evaluate the utility of nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) and serology in confirming West Nile Virus (WNV) infection in patients with suspected WNV chorioretinitis. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted of a cluster of patients who presented to the Retina Service of Massachusetts Eye and Ear between September and October 2018. Results: Three patients were identified with classic WNV chorioretinitis lesions with negative cerebrospinal fluid NAAT and positive serum serology findings. The diagnosis of WNV chorioretinitis was made based on the appearance of the fundus lesions and the presence of characteristic findings on fluorescein angiography as previously described in the literature. Conclusions: This report highlights 3 unique cases of WNV chorioretinitis in which NAAT of cerebrospinal fluid failed to identify WNV as the inciting agent. These cases stress the importance of serum serologic testing in diagnosing WNV infection.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis in Crossbred Calves in Two Selected Areas of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
A Khair ◽  
MM Alam ◽  
AKMA Rahman ◽  
M Shahiduzzaman ◽  
MS Parvez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bovine cryptosporidiosis using 110 fecal samples of crossbred diarrhoeic calves from two different areas (Muktagacha, Mymensingh and Shajadpur, Sirajgonj) in Bangladesh during April 2012 to September 2014. The fecal samples were screened by rapid detection kit and confirmed by Modified Ziehl- Neelsen staining, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The positive samples along with standard positive control yielded 1325bp band on PCR. The overall prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in crossbred calves was 28.18% (31/110) by rapid detection kit. The higher prevalence of cryptosporidiosis was found in the calves from Shajadpur (29.76%) than the calves from Muktagacha (23.08%).The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis was significantly (p<0.001) higher in calves between 1-2 months (70%) age group than less than one month age group (24.49%). Cryptosporidiosis was not observed in calves over two months age. The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis was higher in males (34.75%) than females (24.64%) although not significant statistically. It is evident that the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in bovine in these areas is under diagnosed and the clinical status of infection is potentially high.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21288 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (2): 185-190 

A cross-sectional study of Leishmania spp. infection in clinically healthy dogs with polymerase chain reaction and serology in Greece

2002 ◽  
Vol 109 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonidas S Leontides ◽  
Manolis N Saridomichelakis ◽  
Charalambos Billinis ◽  
Vasilios Kontos ◽  
Alexander F Koutinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Distinct yearly change of serotype distribution of human rotavirus in Thailand as determined by ELISA and PCR

1993 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Pongsuwanna ◽  
K. Taniguchi ◽  
F. Wakasugi ◽  
Y. Sutivijit ◽  
M. Chiwakul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Group A ◽  
Yearly Change ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

SummaryA total of 241 group A rotavirus-positive stool samples collected from diarrhoeic patients in Thailand between July 1988 and June 1991 were characterized for their serotypes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies and by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In July 1988–June 1989, serotype 1 was the most prevalent (63·4%), followed by serotype 4 (11·0%) and serotype 2 (8·5%). In July 1989–June 1990, 59·8% were serotype 1, 24·3% were serotype 2, and 6·1 % were serotype 3. In contrast, in July 1990–June 1991, serotype 3 was detected in the highest frequency (40·5%), 29·9% were serotype 1, and 27·3% were serotype 2. Thus, a distinct yearly change of serotype distribution of rotavirus in Thailand was observed in the three consecutive years. In particular, it was of note that the prevalence of serotype 3 greatly increased, in contrast to the previous studies in which almost no serotype 3 rotaviruses were detected in the years 1983–8 in Thailand.

scholarly journals Norovirus genogroup correlation with acute diarrhea severity in Indonesian pediatric patients aged 1-60 months: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2130
Author(s):  
Alpha Fardah Athiyyah ◽  
Katsumi Shigemura ◽  
Koichi Kitagawa ◽  
Nazara Agustina ◽  
Andy Darma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Norovirus Gii ◽  
Mild Diarrhea

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between norovirus genogroup and severity of acute diarrhea in pediatric patients at the Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 31 participants aged 1-60 months admitted to the hospital with acute diarrhea from April 2012 to March 2013. Norovirus genogroups (GI and II) were identified from patient stool using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Severity was measured using the Ruuska and Vesikari scoring system. Results: In total, 91 stool samples were obtained, of which 31 (19%) were norovirus positive. Norovirus GI was found in one sample with mild diarrhea. Norovirus GII was found in 30 samples (96.8%); one sample with mild diarrhea (3.3%), 20 samples with moderate diarrhea (66.7%), and nine samples with severe diarrhea (30%). Conclusion: Norovirus GII was the most prevalent cause of acute diarrhea and 30% of the cases manifested as severe diarrhea.

scholarly journals A new single run polymerase chain reaction assay for cyclosporiasis in immunocompromised patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-212
Author(s):  
Rakesh Singh ◽  
Manish Katiyar ◽  
Reena Gulati ◽  
Sreejith Parameswaran ◽  
Abdoul Hamide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

causes human intestinal cyclosporiasis. It is more common in the immunocompromised patients and mainly seen in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA), post-renal transplant (PRT) patients and immunocompromised children (IC). Diagnostic microscopy for the oocysts of the parasite is less sensitive, requiring examination of multiple stool samples. Here we developed a new single run polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of and it was used to know the hospital based prevalence of cyclosporiasis. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2016 to October 2020 in a tertiary care teaching hospital. A new single run amplification PCR-based diagnostic assay was developed for . Stool samples were collected from 121 PLHA, 135 PRT and 79 immunocompromised children (IC) other than PLHA and PRT. All stool samples were examined for the presence of oocysts as well as tested with new PCR assay. Modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining of the concentrated stool smear did not reveal oocysts of species in any stool specimen. However, new PCR assay detected in 2 stool specimens – one from a PLHA patient and another from a PRT patient, giving a prevalence of 0.6% (2/335), 0.8% (1/121) in PLHA and 0.7% (1/135) in PRT. It was not detected in IC. Cyclosporiasis is infrequent in southern part of India. The new single run PCR assay developed by us is simple and cost effective molecular assay for the detection of .

scholarly journals Association of Myeloid Aberrant Antigens and the Presence of BCR-ABL Gene Re-arrangements in ALL Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Md. Shafiul Azam ◽  
Khaza Amirul Islam ◽  
Sharmin Mafruha ◽  
Mirza Golam Sarwar ◽  
Md. Salahuddin Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukaemia ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Genetic Abnormality ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Made In

Background: BCR-ABL translocation is the most common genetic abnormality associated with adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) with poor outcome. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the association of myeloid aberrant antigens and the presence of BCR-ABL gene rearrangements in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patients in our context. Method: A total of 38 ALL patients were included in this cross-sectional study from August 2018 to July 2019 according to selection criteria. BCR-ABL was detected by Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Results: The median age at diagnosis was 27.5 years with male (76.3%) predominance. Aberrant myeloid markers, e.g.CD13 was present in 9(64.3%) patients who were BCR-ABL positive which was statistically significant (p:<0.05). Conclusion: Early suspicion about BCR-ABL positivity can be made in ALL patients who show aberrant myeloid expression.

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