scholarly journals An update of laboratory diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 806-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali M Somily ◽  
Muhammad Morshed
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori is a micro-aerophilic, slow-growing, Gram-negative spiral bacterium that colonizes the mucous lining of the human stomach. Infection with this bacterium has been identified as a cause of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Globally, the prevalence of H. pylori-related infection is high compared to any other infectious diseases, and the rate of prevalence much higher in developing countries than in developed nations. This review article aims to describe the trend of H. pylori-related works in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the use of various laboratory tests for the diagnosis of H. pylori-related infections in adults and children. Therefore, published literature was referenced in the explanation and discussion of the different methods used to diagnose H. pylori-related disease, including papers published in the KSA and other Middle Eastern countries. The PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=search) search engine was used extensively. Culture and histopathology tests have been employed widely to detect this pathogen at the early stage. However, over the years, an array of tests including the rapid urease test, serology, the urea breath test, the fecal antigen test, and molecular testing have been developed to diagnose and better manage H. pylori-associated diseases since the discovery of this novel pathogen.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori among patients with different gastrointestinal disorders in Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Alhussaini
Keyword(s):  
Duodenal Ulcer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
H Pylori

Background: Helicobacter pylori is an important gastrointestinal pathogen associated with gastritis, peptic ulcers, and an increased risk of gastric carcinoma. The present study was carried out to determine the relationship between this organism with different gastrointestinal ailments.Methods: 150 outpatients referrals to Saudi Arabian Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was recruited in January to June 2015. Each patient was subjected to endoscopic examination. Biopsy specimens were taken from the stomach for rapid urease test and culture. Suspected H. pylori colonies were subjected to colony morphology identification, microscopical examination and biochemical reactions. The samples were also subjected to PCR to detect ureA subunit of urease gene.Results: The endoscopic examination of patients revealed normal, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastritis, and gastric cancer with a rate of 20.7%, 20%, 24%, 33.3%, and 2%, respectively. Direct smear exam revealed that 52% of patients were H. pylori positive while culture and rapid urease test showed a prevalence of 71.33%. Fifty four biopsies (36%) were urease positive after 1 hour at room temperature, 39 (62%) after 1 hour incubation at 37°C and 14 (71.33%) after 24 hours incubation. Isolated H. pylori showed that they were catalase, oxidase, and urease positive. PCR results showed 411-bp fragment, which is indicative for the ureA subunit of urease gene.Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was high among tested population. Strong association between H. pylori and duodenal ulcer was noticed. A 411-bp fragment indicative of the ureA subunit of urease gene was detected in all the tested isolates.

scholarly journals Prospective study to evaluate the number and the location of biopsies in rapid urease test for diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Abou Rached ◽  
Jowana Saba ◽  
Cesar Yaghi ◽  
Joyce Sanyour ◽  
Ahmad El Hajjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Gastric Biopsies ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Antral Biopsy

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can cause a wide variety of illnesses such as peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The diagnosis and eradication of H. pylori are crucial. The diagnosis of H. pylori is usually based on the rapid urease test (RUT) and gastric antral biopsy for histology. The aim of this study is to evaluate the numbers of needed biopsies and their location (antrum/fundus) to obtain optimal result for the diagnosis of H. pylori. Three hundred fifty consecutive patients were recruited, 210 fulfill the inclusion criteria and had nine gastric biopsies for the detection of H. pylori infection: two antral for the first RUT (RUT1), one antral and one fundic for the second (RUT2), one antral for the third (RUT3) and two antral with two fundic for histology (HES, Giemsa, PAS). The reading of the 3 types of RUT was performed at 1 hour, 3 hours and 24 hours and biopsies were read by two experienced pathologists not informed about the result of RUT. Results of RUT were considered positive if H. pylori was found on histology of at least one biopsy. The RUT1 at 1h, 3h and 24h has a sensitivity of 72%, 82% and 89% and a specificity of 100%, 99% and 87% respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 100%, 99% and 85% respectively and the negative predictive value (NPV) of 81%, 87% and 90%. The RUT2 at 1h, 3h and 24h, respectively, had a sensitivity of 86%, 87% and 91% and a specificity of 99%, 97% and 90%. The PPV was 99%, 96% and 88% and NPV of 89%, 90%, 94%. The RUT3 at 1h, 3h and 24h, respectively, had a sensitivity of 70%, 74% and 84% and a specificity of 99%, 99% and 94%. The PPV was 99%, 99% and 92% and NPV of 79%, 81% and 87%. The best sensitivity and specificity were obtained for RUT1 read at 3h, for RUT2 read 1h and 3h, and the RUT3 read at 24h.This study demonstrates that the best sensitivity and specificity of rapid test for urease is obtained when fundic plus antral biopsy specimens are used with a reading time at 3 hours.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with peptic ulcer disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1315
Author(s):  
Mrutyunjay I. Uppin ◽  
Kapildev K. Hannurkar
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Peptic Ulcer Disease ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Duodenal Ulcers ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Background: Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) emerges throughout the world and instigates peptic ulcer disease (PUD). The study was conducted with the aim to determine the prevalence of H. pylori in patients with PUD undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 150 cases of PUD from August 2009 to February 2011. Endoscopy was done in all cases. Biopsy was done and sent for histopathological examination and rapid urease test for confirmation of presence of H. pylori.Results: Out of 150 patients with mean age of 45.76 years, 109 patients were diagnosed to have been infected with Helicobacter pylori (72.66%). Out of 89 patients with gastric ulcer, 61 patients were infected with Helicobacter pylori (68.53%). Forty two out of 51 patients (82.35%) with duodenal ulcers and 06 of 10 patients (60%) with carcinoma of stomach were positive for H. pylori. The remaining patients were found to be negative for the H. pylori infection.Conclusions: The findings of the study conclude that H. pylori was consistently associated with PUD.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori CagA seropositivity in adult Bangladeshi patients with peptic ulcer and erosion

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Fahmida Rahman ◽  
Khandaker Shadia ◽  
Salma Khatun ◽  
Mafruha Mahmud ◽  
Indrajit Kumar Dutta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Urease Production ◽  
Stool Antigen ◽  
H Pylori

Background: CagA IgG antibody in sera might indicate presence of virulent Helicobacter pylori in patients with peptic ulcer disease. Present study was performed to find out the prevalence of CagA IgG antibody in patients with peptic ulcer/erosion. Methods: Any case that had peptic ulcer/erosion, plus positive for rapid urease test (RUT) or H. pylori stool antigen (HpSAg) or serum anti-H. pylori IgG/IgA were included in the study and named as H. pylori positive case. H. pylori positive cases were tested for CagA IgG antibody. Anti-H. pylori IgG, IgA and CagA IgG antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and stool antigen by rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT). Urease production in biopsy sample was detected by RUT. Results: Total 86 H. pylori positive patients were included in the study. Out of 86 patients, CagA IgG was positive in 34 (39.5%; 95% CI: 0.30,0.50) cases. CagA seropositivity rate in ulcer and erosion cases were 58.8% (95% CI: 0.36,0.78) and 34.8% (95% CI: 0.25,0.47) respectively. H. pylori stool antigen and IgA antibodies were positive in all (100%) CagA antibody positive ulcer cases while the rates were significantly less among the CagA antibody negative cases (42.8% and 28.6%; p<0.05). However, in CagA antibody positive erosion cases, the rates were not significantly different from CagA antibody negative cases. Conclusion: The study has demonstrated that the CagA positive strain is less prevalent in erosion than ulcer cases. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2020; 14(1): 36-40

scholarly journals The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in perforated peptic ulcer disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1720
Author(s):  
Babar Rehmani ◽  
Priyank Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Peptic Ulcer Disease ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Peptic Ulcer Perforation ◽  
Mucosal Biopsy ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Ulcer Perforation ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
H Pylori

Background: Although the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in noncomplicated peptic ulcer disease has been definitively established, the precise relationship between the organism and ulcer complications is doubtful. Recurrent ulcer disease after peptic ulcer perforation mainly occurs in patients with H. pylori infection, which suggests that the microorganism plays an important role in this complication.Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences (HIMS), Swami Ram Nagar, Dehradun, over a period of January 2013 to December 2013 and included 75 subjects who underwent exploratory laparotomy for peptic ulcer perforation. The tests used for the diagnosis of H. pylori are mucosal biopsy at the time of surgery, Rapid urease test (RUT), Stool antigen test.Results: In this study, H. pylori infection was found to be present in 61% of these patients as detected by biopsy. There were 66 males and 9 females. Infection with H. pylori is almost universal in patients aged more than 70 years.Conclusions: In the Indian context patients presenting with perforation should be tested for infection with H. pylori utilizing a gastric antral mucosal biopsy taken at the time of operation for histological analysis and eradication therapy should be advised to all those who are found positive.

scholarly journals Comparison of home made and commercial rapid urease tests for detection of helicobacter pylori in patients with gastroduodenitis and peptic ulcer

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Yuba Raj Sharma ◽  
Amrita Wagley ◽  
Sunil Singh
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
The Common ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Introductions: Helicobacter pylori is one of the common and medically prominent infections worldwide and an established etiological factor for peptic ulcer disease. This study was conducted to compare the results of two types of Rapid Urease Tests (RUT) for H. pylori infection.Methods: This study was conducted in patients with gastro duodenal diseases visiting Kantipur Hospital from June to August 2010. Antral biopsies were collected from sixty patients visiting endoscopy unit. The diagnosis was of H. pylori infection carried out using two types of rapid urease tests (commercial and homemade) as well as Histopathology.Results: H. pylori infection was detected in 34 (56.67%) of 60 by histological test, 24 (40%) by homemade kit method and 28 (46.67%) by commercial RUT method. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for RUT (commercial kit) considering histology as gold standard were 76.74%, 92.31%, 92.85% and 75% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for RUT (homemade kit) were 58.82%, 84.62%, 83.3% and 61.11% respectively.Conclusions: Homemade rapid urease test was sensitive and specific for detection of H. pylori infection than commercial test.

A STUDY ON PREVALENCE OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI IN BLEEDING PEPTIC ULCER USING RAPID UREASE TEST

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-83
Author(s):  
Lokesh M N ◽  
Anil Kumar K N ◽  
Madan M
Keyword(s):  
Duodenal Ulcer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Peptic Ulcer Disease ◽  
Bleeding Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Ulcer Bleeding ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
H Pylori

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the leading cause of peptic ulcer disease in India. Timely diagnosis and proper treatment is required for the eradication of H. pylori infection and prevention of its associated complications. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients presenting with bleeding peptic ulcer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is prospective study conducted from January 2019 till January 2021 in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer admitted at BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences. All the patients under went endoscopy and biopsy was taken from Antral region for Rapid Urease Test. RESULT: 164 patients were included in the study with duodenal ulcer bleeding in 129 (78.6%) patients, gastric ulcer in 30 (18.3%) patients and both gastric and duodenal ulcer in 5 (3.1%) patients. Positivity for RUT was seen in 147 patients (89.6%). CONCLUSION: Early intervention in the patients with peptic ulcer disease in the form of endoscopic biopsy will help in prevention of recurrent bleeding episodes and other associated complications.

Frequency of rdx A Deletion Mutation Conferring Metronidazole Resistance in Helicobacter pylori

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Hanaa M. El Maghraby ◽  
Samar Mohaseb
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Deletion Mutation ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Metronidazole Resistance ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Gastric Biopsies ◽  
H Pylori

Background: Metronidazole is one of the antimicrobial drugs that can be used in combination with other drugs for eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).Unfortunately, metronidazole resistance in H. plori is an increasing health problem which may be attributed to inactivation of many genes as rdx A gene. Objective: To determine the frequency of rdx A deletion mutation in H. pylori detected in infected patients attending at the Gastroenterology Unit, Zagazig University Hospitals. Methodology: Two gastric biopsies were taken from each enrolled patient by endoscopy. H.pylori detection was done by rapid urease test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 16S rRNA gene. Deletion mutation in rdx A gene was detected by conventional PCR. Results: Out of 134 doubled gastric biopsies obtained from 134 patients, 52.2% were positive for H. pylori. Epigastric pain, vomiting and gastritis were significantly associated with detection of H. pylori infection (p˂ 0.05). Deletion mutation of rdx A gene was detected in 28.6% of H. pylori positive specimens obtained from infected patients. Conclusion: Deletion mutation of rdx A gene is a frequent determinant of rdx A inactivation conferring metronidazole resistance among H. pylori.

scholarly journals Incidence of Gastric Metaplasia and Helicobacter pylori Infection in Duodenal Bulb – With Specific Reference to Patients With Duodenal Ulcers

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Kawaguchi ◽  
Toshihiko Saito
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Duodenal Bulb ◽  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Duodenal Ulcers ◽  
Gastric Metaplasia ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
H Pylori

We determined the incidence of gastric metaplasia in the duodenal bulb of duodenal ulcer patients and the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection rate at sites with gastric metaplasia. Biopsy of the duodenal bulb showed the presence of gastric metaplasia in 61 of 86 patients (71%) overall and in 18 of 47 patients (38.3%) who had gastrectomy at an early gastric cancer. The histological diagnosis of H. pylori infection showed good agreement (83.3%) with the result of the rapid urease test, indicating that H. pylori occurs in regions with gastric metaplasia. This finding suggests that H. pylori infects gastric metaplasia in the duodenal bulb, causing mucosal injury, which is then transformed into duodenal ulcers. The exact mechanism by which gastric metaplasia is caused is unknown, but it is believed to occur in the transitional zone in the duodenal mucosa.

scholarly journals Can probiotics improve efficiency and safety profile of triple Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy? A prospective randomized study

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1044-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasa Grgov ◽  
Tomislav Tasic ◽  
Biljana Radovanovic-Dinic ◽  
Daniela Benedeto-Stojanov
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Saccharomyces Boulardii ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Group I ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
The Difference ◽  
H Pylori

Background/Aim. Some studies suggest the benefit of applying different probiotic strains in combination with antibiotics in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of co-administration of multiple probiotic strains with triple H. pylori eradication therapy. Methods. This prospective study included 167 patients with dyspeptic symptoms and chronic gastritis who were diagnosed with H. pylori infection and randomized into two groups. The group I of 77 patients underwent triple eradication therapy, for 7 days, with lansoprazole, 2 ? 30 mg half an hour before the meal, amoxicillin 2 ? 1.000 mg per 12 hours and clarithromycin 2 ? 500 mg per 12 hours. After the 7th day of the therapy, lansoprazole continued at a dose of 30 mg for half an hour before breakfast for 4 weeks. The group II of 90 patients received the same treatment as the patients of the group I, with the addition of the probiotic cultures in the form of a capsule comprising Lactobacillus Rosell-52, Lactobacillus Rosell-11, Bifidobacterium Rosell-1755 and Saccharomyces boulardii, since the beginning of eradication for 4 weeks. Eradication of H. pylori infection control was performed 8 weeks after the therapy by rapid urease test and histopathologic evaluation of endoscopic biopsies or by stool antigen test for H. pylori. Results. Eradication of H. pylori infection was achieved in 93.3% of the patients who received probiotics with eradication therapy and in 81.8% of patients who were only on eradication therapy without probiotics. The difference in eradication success was statistically significant, (p < 0.05). The incidence of adverse effects of eradication therapy was higher in the group of patients who were not on probiotic (28.6%) than in the group that received probiotic (17.7%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion. Multiple probiotic strains addition to triple eradication therapy of H. pylori achieves a significantly better eradication success, with fewer side effects of antibiotics.

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