scholarly journals Norovirus GII.4 antibodies in the Portuguese population

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (09) ◽  
pp. 1201-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Rodrigo Mesquita ◽  
Maria São José Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Norovirus Gii ◽  
Sporadic Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Immune Assay

Introduction: Norovirus GII.4 is the leading cause of outbreaks of acute and sporadic acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Information on the prevalence of norovirus in Portugal is scarce or null. Methodology: We used a GII.4 norovirus virus-like particle-based enzyme immune assay to measure the seropositivity rate of GII.4 norovirus. Results: A total of 342 (70%) out of 473 serum samples tested positive for anti-GII.4 norovirus IgG. No statistically significant differences were found between regions, sex and age groups. Conclusion: Norovirus GII.4 infections are frequent in Portugal.

Investigation of Children with Acute Gastroenteritis by Multiplex PCR Method in Central Part of Turkey

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Yılmaz ◽  
Havva Kaya ◽  
Mehmet Özdemir
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Norovirus Gii

Abstract Objective Gastroenteritis is a disease that affects all age groups, especially children, and causes high mortality and morbidity in all countries. The most common agents of acute gastroenteritis are viral agents. As a result, millions of diarrhea attacks and hospital admissions occur worldwide every year due to viral gastroenteritis. This study uses the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to investigate the viruses that are the causative agents of viral gastroenteritis in the pediatric patient group in Konya, Turkey. Methods Stool samples of 94 patients aged 0 to 18 years sent from Emergency clinics and Pediatric outpatient clinics, Meram Medical Faculty Hospital Pediatric clinics, Konya Necmettin Erbakan University to Medical Microbiology Laboratory with a diagnosis of gastroenteritis between February and December 2018 were included in the study. Stool samples were stored at –80°C until the time of the analysis. Deoxyribonucleic acid/ribonucleic acid isolation from stool samples was performed with EZ1 Virus Mini Kit v2.0 (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) using an automatic extraction system (BioRobot EZ1 system, Qiagen). The presence of astrovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus (GI, GII), and sapovirus agents was investigated by the multiplex PCR method (Fast Track Diagnostics, Luxembourg) viral gastroenteritis kit. Results Viral gastroenteritis agents were detected in 56.3% of the patients. One viral agent was detected in 47 (50%) of these patients and at least two viral agents in 6 (6.3%) of them. Norovirus GII was detected in 20 (21.2%) of the children included in the study, adenovirus in 13 (13.8%), rotavirus in 11 (12.8%), astrovirus in 11 (11.7%), sapovirus in 4 (4.2%), and norovirus GI in 1 (1.06%). When the distribution of viral agents was examined by months, the most number of agents were observed (21; 35%) in May, followed by April and June (12; 20%). Considering the distribution of the prevalence of the agents by age, it was seen to be mainly between 0 and 12 months (42%). Conclusion Considering that the most common viral agent in our region is norovirus GII, it will be useful to investigate the norovirus that is not routinely examined in children who are admitted to clinics with the complaint of gastroenteritis. It will be appropriate to examine routinely adenovirus, rotavirus, and norovirus in the laboratory, especially in children with diarrhea and vomiting in the winter and spring months.

scholarly journals 1101. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Demographics of GII.4 vs. Other GII Noroviruses Associated With Sporadic Acute Gastroenteritis in Children in Nashville, TN, 2012–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S330-S330
Author(s):  
Einas Batarseh ◽  
Lubna Hamdan ◽  
Bhinnata Piya ◽  
Laura Stewart ◽  
James D Chappell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Inpatient Settings ◽  
Prevalent Strain ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Sporadic Acute Gastroenteritis

Abstract Background Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in all age groups. Although at least 28 different genotypes infecting humans have been reported, most outbreaks over the last 15 years have been caused by genogroup II (GII) viruses, of which GII.4 viruses have caused more than 50%. Since clinical differences between different genotypes are poorly understood, we sought to compare clinical characteristics in children infected with GII.4 and non-GII.4 viruses. Methods Children between 15 days and 17 years who presented with AGE defined as diarrhea (≥3 loose stools in a 24 hour period) or vomiting (≥1 episodes in a 24 hour period) within 10 days duration were recruited in outpatient, emergency, and inpatient settings in Nashville, TN, during 2012–2015. Stool specimens were tested by RT-qPCR for GI and GII norovirus. Norovirus-positive specimens were genotyped by sequencing of a partial region of the capsid gene. In this study, we excluded children infected with GI, mixed GI/GII and non-typeable GII viruses. Results Of 3,705 AGE subjects enrolled, 2,892 (78%) specimens were collected, 637 (22%) tested norovirus-positive (567 [89%] GII, 62 [10%] GI, and 8 [1%] mixed GI/GII). Of the 567 GII viruses, 461 (81%) were able to be genotyped and of those 238/461 (51.6%) were typed as GII.4 and 223/461 (48.3%) were typed as other GII genotypes (non-GII.4, primarily GII.3 [65/ 461, 14.1%], GII.6 [48/461, 10.4%] and GII.7 [36/461, 7.8%]). Over three AGE seasons, GII.4 represented 64/117 (54%), 79/178 (44%), and 71/166 (57%), of the GII infections, respectively. Compared with non-GII.4 subjects, GII.4 subjects were more likely to be younger (15.5 vs. 21.3 months, P < 0.01), and less likely to attend daycare (23% vs. 39%, P < 0.01). GII.4 subjects also were more likely to present with diarrhea (75% vs. 57%, P < 0.01) and had higher median modified Vesikari score (7 vs. 6, P < 0.01). Conclusion Children infected with GII.4 viruses were younger, less likely to attend child care, more likely to present with diarrhea, and had a more severe illness compared with those with non-GII.4 infections. These data provide important information on the genotype distribution of norovirus in children with AGE in Tennessee and highlight GII.4 as the most prevalent strain. Disclosures N. Halasa, sanofi pasteur: Investigator, Research support. GSK: Consultant, Consulting fee. Moderna: Consultant, Consulting fee.

scholarly journals Toxocara Seroprevalence and Risk Factor Analysis in Four Communities of the Wiwa, an Indigenous Tribe in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1768
Author(s):  
Patrick Waindok ◽  
Simone Kann ◽  
Andrés Aristizabal ◽  
Juan Carlos Dib ◽  
Christina Strube
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Clean Drinking Water

The life of the indigenous Wiwa tribe in northeast Colombia is characterized by lacking access to clean drinking water and sanitary installations. Furthermore, free-roaming domestic animals and use of yucca and/or manioc as a primary food source favor the transmission of soil-transmitted helminths, e.g., Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, the roundworms of dogs and cats. Infection may result in the clinical picture of toxocarosis, one of the most common zoonotic helminthoses worldwide. To estimate the Toxocara seroprevalence in four different villages of the Wiwa community, serum samples from 483 inhabitants were analyzed for anti-Toxocara-antibodies. Overall, 79.3% (383/483) of analyzed samples were seropositive. Statistically significant differences were observed between the four villages, as well as age groups (adults > adolescents > children), while sex had no effect. The high seropositivity rate demonstrates the risk of zoonotic roundworm infections and potential clinical disease in vulnerable indigenous inhabitants.

scholarly journals Human norovirus GII.4 Hong Kong variant shares common ancestry with GII.4 Osaka and emerged in Thailand in 2016

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256572
Author(s):  
Watchaporn Chuchaona ◽  
Jira Chansaenroj ◽  
Jiratchaya Puenpa ◽  
Sarawut Khongwichit ◽  
Sumeth Korkong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Common Ancestry ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Norovirus Gii

Human norovirus is a leading cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis, which affects all age groups and are found globally. Infections are highly contagious and often occur as outbreaks. Periodic emergence of new strains are not uncommon and novel variants are named after the place of first reported nucleotide sequence. Here, we identified human norovirus GII.4 Hong Kong variant in stool samples from Thai patients presented with acute gastroenteritis. Comparison of amino acid residues deduced from the viral nucleotide sequence with those of historical and contemporary norovirus GII.4 strains revealed notable differences, which mapped to the defined antigenic sites of the viral major capsid protein. Time-scaled phylogenetic analysis suggests that GII.4 Hong Kong shared common ancestry with GII.4 Osaka first reported in 2007, and more importantly, did not evolve from the now-prevalent GII.4 Sydney lineage. As circulation of norovirus minor variants can lead to eventual widespread transmission in susceptible population, this study underscores the potential emergence of the GII.4 Hong Kong variant, which warrants vigilant molecular epidemiological surveillance.

scholarly journals Molecular Diagnostic Methods for Detection and Characterization of Human Noroviruses

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Chen ◽  
Yuan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Human Noroviruses ◽  
Viral Illness ◽  
Sporadic Acute Gastroenteritis

Human noroviruses are a group of viral agents that afflict people of all age groups. The viruses are now recognized as the most common causative agent of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis and foodborne viral illness worldwide. However, they have been considered to play insignificant roles in the disease burden of acute gastroenteritis for the past decades until the recent advent of new and more sensitive molecular diagnostic methods. The availability and application of the molecular diagnostic methods have led to enhanced detection of noroviruses in clinical, food and environmental samples, significantly increasing the recognition of noroviruses as an etiologic agent of epidemic and sporadic acute gastroenteritis. This article aims to summarize recent efforts made for the development of molecular methods for the detection and characterization of human noroviruses.

scholarly journals Identification of Human Norovirus GII.3 Blockade Antibody Epitopes

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2058
Author(s):  
Yufang Yi ◽  
Shuxia Wang ◽  
Xiaoli Wang ◽  
Pei Xiong ◽  
Qingwei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Blood Group Antigens ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
Chimeric Vlps ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Norovirus Gii ◽  
Vp1 Capsid Protein ◽  
Antibody Epitopes

Human noroviruses are a common pathogen causing acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Among all norovirus genotypes, GII.3 is particularly prevalent in the pediatric population. Here we report the identification of two distinct blockade antibody epitopes on the GII.3 capsid. We generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from mice immunized with virus-like particle (VLP) of a GII.3 cluster 3 strain. Two of these mAbs, namely 8C7 and 8D1, specifically bound the parental GII.3 VLP but not VLPs of GII.4, GII.17, or GI.1. In addition, 8C7 and 8D1 efficiently blocked GII.3 VLP binding with its ligand, histo-blood group antigens (HBGA). These data demonstrate that 8C7 and 8D1 are GII.3-specific blockade antibodies. By using a series of chimeric VLPs, we mapped the epitopes of 8C7 and 8D1 to residues 385–400 and 401–420 of the VP1 capsid protein, respectively. These two blockade antibody epitopes are highly conserved among GII.3 cluster 3 strains. Structural modeling shows that the 8C7 epitope partially overlaps with the HBGA binding site (HBS) while the 8D1 epitope is spatially adjacent to HBS. These findings may enhance our understanding of the immunology and evolution of GII.3 noroviruses.

scholarly journals Human Astrovirus Outbreak in a Daycare Center and Propagation among Household Contacts

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
Ignacio Parrón ◽  
Elsa Plasencia ◽  
Thais Cornejo-Sánchez ◽  
Mireia Jané ◽  
Cristina Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Daycare Center ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Human Astrovirus ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
Clinical Cases

We investigated an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis due to human astrovirus in a daycare center, describing the transmission mechanism, the most affected age groups, conditioning factors and the extent of the outbreak among household contacts of the daycare center attenders. Data were collected from persons exposed at the daycare center and their home contacts. Fecal samples from affected and non-affected daycare center attenders were analyzed for viruses causing acute gastroenteritis by RT-PCR. The percentage of households affected and the attack rates (AR) were calculated. The attack rates were compared using the rate ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals. Information was obtained from 245 people (76 attenders and 169 contacts) of whom 49 were clinical cases. Five HAstV-4, two HAstV-8 and three non-typable HAstV cases were identified (six from clinical cases and four from asymptomatic infected people). The global AR was 20% (41.2% in children aged < 2 years). Data were obtained from 67 households: 20 households of affected attenders and 47 of non-affected attendees. Household contacts of affected attenders had a higher AR (74.3%) than that of non-affected attendees (2.4%). We found asymptomatic infections amongst daycare attendees. The transmission of HAstV during the outbreak was not limited to the daycare center but extended to household contacts of both affected and non-affected attenders.

scholarly journals Distribution and titres of rotavirus antibodies in different age groups

1977 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Hospital Patients

SUMMARYThree hundred and fifty-seven sera selected at random from hospital patients of all ages were examined for rotavirus antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence (FA) and complement fixation tests (CFT). Three hundred and fourteen of these were also tested for neutralizing antibodies to human rotavirus. Sera from patients admitted with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis were excluded from this survey.FA antibodies were found in newborn infants but fell to undetectable titres at 3 months. The highest titres were found in children between the ages of one and three years. In older age groups, the modal titre fell gradually with increasing age until, in sera from those above 70 years of age, FA antibodies were almost undetectable. The same pattern was observed with neutralizing antibodies. A high modal titre of CF antibodies was only found in sera from those aged one to three years.

Molecular epidemiology of norovirus from patients with acute gastroenteritis in northwestern Spain

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. MANSO ◽  
J. L. ROMALDE
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Capsid Gene ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Northwestern Spain

SUMMARYThe high incidence of norovirus (NoV) infections seems to be related to the emergence of new variants that evolved by genetic drift of the capsid gene. In this work, that represents a first effort to describe the molecular epidemiology of NoV in the northwest of Spain, a total of eight different NoV genotypes (GII.1, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, GII.7, GII.12, GII.13, GII.14) were detected. The major genotypes observed were GII.4 (45·42%) and GII.14 (34·9%), being detected in all age groups. In addition, and although most of GII.4 sequences belonged to 2006b (7·2%) and 2010 (50·35%) variants, the presence of new NoV variants was observed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that a high number of GII.4 sequences (35·24%) could be assigned to the newly emerging Sydney 2012 variant, even during late 2010. The high prevalence of NoV GII.14 observed in this study may indicate the emergence of this genotype in Spain.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document