scholarly journals Diagnosis of leishmaniasis

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (08) ◽  
pp. 961-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy ◽  
Antonio Sampedro Martinez ◽  
Javier Rodriguez-Granger ◽  
Yannick Hoyos-Mallecot ◽  
Ahamd Agil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Status ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Visceral Infection ◽  
Genus Leishmania

Leishmaniasis is a clinically heterogeneous syndrome caused by intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. The clinical spectrum of leishmaniasis encompasses subclinical ( not apparent), localized (skin lesion), and disseminated (cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral) infection. This spectrum of manifestations depends on the immune status of the host, on the parasite, and on immunoinflammatory responses. Visceral leishmaniasis causes high morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Reliable laboratory methods become mandatory for accurate diagnosis, especially in immunocompromised patients such as those infected with HIV. In this article, we review the current state of the diagnostic tools for leishmaniasis, especially  the serological test.

Clinico-bacteriological Profile and Outcome of Empyema Thoracis in Children at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Central Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atanu Pan ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Chest Tube ◽  
Chest Tube Drainage ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Empyema Thoracis ◽  
First Line ◽  
Tube Drainage

Background: Empyema thoracis (ET) is a serious infection of the pleural space. Despite the availability of broad spectrum antibacterial, improved vaccination coverage and better diagnostic tools, Empyema Thoracis remains associated with high morbidity worldwide. Delay   in   early   diagnosis,   failure   to institute   appropriate   antimicrobial   therapy,   multidrug resistant   organisms,   malnutrition,   comorbidities,   poor health  seeking  behaviour  and  high treatment  cost  burden contribute  to  increased  morbidity  in  children. The available  treatment  options  include  intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics  either  alone  or  in  combination  with surgical  procedure  (thoracocentesis,  chest  tube  drainage, fibrinolytic  therapy,  decortications  with  video  assistedthoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and open drainage. Methods: Fifty Children between 1 month to 16 years admitted in the Pediatrics Ward, PICU of College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur,Nepal. Data analysis was done by SPSS 24.0. Results: Present study found that according to blood culture, 3(6.0%) patients had enterococcus, 40(80.0%) patients had no growth, 2(4.0%) patients had pseudomonas, 4(8.0%) patients had staphylococcus and 1(2.0%) patients had streptococcus. We found that 20(40.0%) patients had done CT scan thorax, 30(60.0%) patients had not done CT scan thorax and 32(64.0%) patients had Amoxiclav first line antibiotic and 18(36.0%) patients had Ceftriaxone first line antibiotic. Conclusions: Suitable antibiotics and prompt chest tube drainage is an effective method of treatment of childhood empyema, especially in resource-poor settings. Majority of the patients progress on this conservative management and have good recovery on follow up.  

scholarly journals Frequency and Pattern of Bronchiectasis in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Presenting in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Asifa Karamat
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a high burden respiratory issue all over the world. It has high morbidity and mortality in the United States. Bronchiectasis is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is under diagnosed as diagnostic tools like HRCT though easily available but an expensive test in developing countries like Pakistan. We aim to establish the frequency and patterns of bronchiectasis in patients of COPD. Aims and Objectives: To establish the frequency and pattern of bronchiectasis in COPD in our population so that we can improve patient care and quality of life of these patients. Place and duration of study: We did a cross sectional survey in Department of Pulmonology, Gulab Devi Hospital, Lahore. Study was completed from 1st September 2017 to 28th February 2018. Material & Methods: After taking an informed consent 150 already diagnosed COPD patients were included. Bronchiectasis was seen on high resolution CT scan (HRCT). Data was collected on a structured proforma and analyzed on SPSS version 20. Results: Bronchiectasis was observed in 76 (50.6%) patients of COPD while 74 patients had no bronchiectasis. Out of 76, cylindrical bronchiectasis was seen in 82%. Lower lobe and bilateral involvement was more common. Means of age, gender, exacerbations of COPD, and history of pulmonary tuberculosis were not related to bronchiectasis while pack years of smoking, duration of illness and Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) Dyspnea Scale were significantly related to bronchiectasis. Conclusion: This is observed that bronchiectasisis quite common (50.6%) in patients of COPD in our population.

Smart Nanodevices for Point-of-Care Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajasekhar Chokkareddy ◽  
Suvardhan Kanchi ◽  
Inamuddin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Patient Monitoring ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Current State ◽  
Rural Patients ◽  
Diagnosis Of Diseases

Background: While significant strides have been made to avoid mortality during the treatment of chronic diseases, it is still one of the biggest health-care challenges that have a profound effect on humanity. The development of specific, sensitive, accurate, quick, low-cost, and easy-to-use diagnostic tools is therefore still in urgent demand. Nanodiagnostics is defined as the application of nanotechnology to medical diagnostics that can offer many unique opportunities for more successful and efficient diagnosis and treatment for infectious diseases. Methods: In this review we provide an overview of infectious disease using nanodiagnostics platforms based on nanoparticles, nanodevices for point-of-care (POC) applications. Results: Current state-of-the-art and most promising nanodiagnostics POC technologies, including miniaturized diagnostic tools, nanorobotics and drug delivery systems have been fully examined for the diagnosis of diseases. It also addresses the drawbacks, problems and potential developments of nanodiagnostics in POC applications for chronic diseases. Conclusions: While progress is gaining momentum in this field and many researchers have dedicated their time in developing new smart nanodevices for POC applications for various chronic diseases, the ultimate aim of achieving longterm, reliable and continuous patient monitoring has not yet been achieved. Moreover, the applicability of the manufactured nanodevices to rural patients for on-site diagnosis, cost, and usability are the crucial aspects that require more research, improvements, and potential testing stations. Therefore, more research is needed to develop the demonstrated smart nanodevices and upgrade their applicability to hospitals away from the laboratories.

INNOVATIVE AND EDUCATIONAL PARADIGM OF FORMATION OF SOCIAL SAFETY – PREREQUISITE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Vira Kutsenko ◽  
Iryna Kinash ◽  
Hanna Yevtushenko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Current State ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Educational Paradigm

The article is devoted to the consideration of the important issue of the implementation of the principles of sustainable development, in the context of the introduction of innovative education and ensuring social safety. It is noted that an important result of the implementation of the process of sustainable development is social safety as a state of protection of vital rights and freedoms of citizens, as well as a system of social and political events that provides this protection. An important role in ensuring social safety and sustainable development belongs to education, which has an innovative basis. Therefore, it is important to form an innovative and educational paradigm that would contribute to the creation of an optimal socio-economic environment for social safety and sustainable development. The article highlights the problematic issues of social safety and sustainable development that are now taking place in Ukraine. Poverty, unemployment, high morbidity, rising crime – all this negatively affects the living standards of the population and the state of social safety of the country. It is noted that the strengthening of social safety largely depends on the state of human capital and the development of the educational sphere. The development of education, raising the educational level of the population acts as a catalyst for socio-economic processes, allows those working in social production to realize the achievements of scientific and technological progress and participate in its development. The innovative educational paradigm aims to provide high quality educational services, create a competitive educational environment and ensure the training of competitive specialists, which implies the establishment of a close relationship between education and business. It is also necessary to actively use the experience of developed countries to ensure the positive impact of education on the achievement of social safety and sustainable development. In this aspect, the article analyzes the current state of the educational sphere in Ukraine. The ways of achieving stability and optimal development of the educational sphere are proposed, which should contribute to ensuring economic growth on the principles of sustainable development.

scholarly journals Blood Aspergillus PCR: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Matthias Egger ◽  
Jeffrey D. Jenks ◽  
Martin Hoenigl ◽  
Juergen Prattes
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Diagnostic Quality ◽  
Invasive Fungal Diseases ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Additional Value

Invasive Aspergillosis (IA) is one of the most common invasive fungal diseases and is accompanied by high morbidity and mortality. In order to maximize patient outcomes and survival, early and rapid diagnosis has been shown to be pivotal. Hence, diagnostic tools aiding and improving the diagnostic process are ambitiously searched for. In this context, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may represent a potential candidate. Its additional value and benefits in diagnosis have been demonstrated and are scientifically established. Nevertheless, standardized and widespread usage is sparse because several factors influence diagnostic quality and need to be considered in order to optimize diagnostic performance and outcome. In the following review, the current role of PCR in the diagnosis of IA is explored, with special focus on the strengths and limitations of PCR in different settings.

scholarly journals Dupuytren’s disease: where do we stand?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Grazina ◽  
Sérgio Teixeira ◽  
Renato Ramos ◽  
Henrique Sousa ◽  
Andreia Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Dupuytren’S Disease ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Dupuytren's Disease ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World

Dupuytren’s disease is a fibroproliferative disease that involves collagen deposition, leading to hand contractures that ultimately affect hand mobility and grip strength. It is a benign disorder but can cause high morbidity by limiting daily activities. Many factors have been proposed for its aetiology: namely genetics, smoking, alcohol intake and diabetes. However, there is still controversy as to the main aetiological cause of the disease. Treatment is not yet uniform around the world and still varies with the surgeon’s experience and preference. In this review, the authors review the pathogenesis and treatment options for Dupuytren’s disease in an attempt to summarize the current state of the art. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:63-69. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180021.

scholarly journals Clinical Significance of Molecular Diagnostic Tools for Bacterial Bloodstream Infections: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Pierre Rutanga ◽  
Therese Nyirahabimana
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Tools

Bacterial bloodstream infection (bBSI) represents any form of invasiveness of the blood circulatory system caused by bacteria and can lead to death among critically ill patients. Thus, there is a need for rapid and accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients with septicemia. So far, different molecular diagnostic tools have been developed. The majority of these tools focus on amplification based techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which allows the detection of nucleic acids (both DNA and small RNAs) that are specific to bacterial species and sequencing or nucleic acid hybridization that allows the detection of bacteria in order to reduce delay of appropriate antibiotic therapy. However, there is still a need to improve sensitivity of most molecular techniques to enhance their accuracy and allow exact and on time antibiotic therapy treatment. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review of the existing studies conducted in molecular diagnosis of bBSIs, with the main aim of reporting on clinical significance and benefits of molecular diagnosis to patients. We searched both Google Scholar and PubMed. In total, eighteen reviewed papers indicate that shift from conventional diagnostic methods to molecular tools is needed and would lead to accurate diagnosis and treatment of bBSI.

LB Broth-lyophilized Rabbit Anti-sheep Cell Haemolysin as a Simple Culture Medium for Cultivation of Leishmania Major Promastigotes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Nasiri ◽  
Farnoosh Jameie ◽  
Habibollah Paykari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Genus Leishmania ◽  
Leishmania Parasites ◽  
Growth Ability

Background and Aims: The protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are the causative agents of various clinical diseases. Different methods of cultivation of Leishmania parasites are available. In the present study, the efficacy of the LB broth with rabbit lyophilized anti-sheep red blood cell haemolysin was evaluated in the cultivation of promastigotes of Leishmania major. Materials and Methods: Conventional LB broth medium was prepared and autoclaved for 15 min at 121°C and then lyophilized rabbit anti-sheep cell haemolysin was added at 1-10% final concentrations. The efficacy of the medium was evaluated by assessing the growth ability and replication patterns of the promastigotes of Leishmania major. Results: Medium with 1-10% lyophilized rabbit haemolysin supported the growth of the parasites and can be used for cultivation of Leishmania parasites with acceptable In vivo infectivity for research purpose. Conclusions: The ability of the parasites to survive and proliferate in the presence of lyophilized rabbit haemolysin indicates that this material is a good nutritional source. This study opens a new way to make low-cost medium that can be used in cultivation of Leishmania parasites

A snapshot of microarray-generated gene expression signatures associated with ovarian carcinoma

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1215-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Györffy ◽  
M. Dietel ◽  
T. Fekete ◽  
H. Lage
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ovarian Carcinoma ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technology Platforms ◽  
Array Technology ◽  
Insight Into

It was hypothesized that analysis of global gene expression in ovarian carcinoma can identify dysregulated genes that can serve as molecular markers and provide further insight into carcinogenesis and provide the basis for development of new diagnostic tools as well as new targeted therapy protocols. By applying bioinformatics tools for screening of biomedical databases, a gene expression profile databank, specific for ovarian carcinoma, was constructed with utilizable data sets published in 28 studies that applied different array technology platforms. The data sets were divided into four compartments: (i) genes associated with carcinogenesis: in 14 studies, 1881 genes were extracted, 75 genes were identified in more than one study, and only 4 genes (PRKCBP1, SPON1, TACSTD1, and PTPRM) were identified in three studies. (ii) Genes associated with histologic subtypes: in four studies, 463 genes could be identified, but none of them was identified in more than a single study. (iii) Genes associated with therapy response: in seven studies, 606 genes were identified from which 38 were differentially regulated in at least two studies, 3 genes (TMSB4X, GRN, and TJP1) in three studies, and 1 gene (IFITM1) in four studies. (iv) Genes associated with prognosis and progression: 254 genes were found in seven studies. From these genes, merely three were identified in at least two different studies. This snapshot of available gene expression data not only provides independently described potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for ovarian carcinoma but also emphasizes the drawbacks of the current state of global gene expression analyses in ovarian cancer.

scholarly journals Detecting Antibody-Labeled BCG MNPs Using a Magnetoresistive Biosensor and Magnetic Labeling Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
Teresa R.G. Barroso ◽  
Verónica C. Martins ◽  
Filipe Cardoso ◽  
Susana Cardoso ◽  
Jorge Pedrosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Spin Valve ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Fringe Field ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Magnetic Capture ◽  
And Control ◽  
Slow Growing

Tuberculosis is still a major global health concern, causing the estimated death of 1.5 million people per year and being associated with high morbidity. The development of point-of-care diagnostic tools for tuberculosis is mandatory, especially because the fast and accurate detection of the slow-growing Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the conventional diagnostic tests is difficult.The objective of this work was to develop the first steps to achieve a portable method for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, by a sandwich-immunoassay combined with magnetoresistive biochip technology.With the purpose of conjugating 250 nm streptavidin-coated magnetic nanoparticles with anti- M.tuberculosis biotinylated antibodies, Mycobacteriumbovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin was used as a surrogate for M. tuberculosis bacteria. After magnetic capture, target bacteria were brought in contact with the surface of the magnetoresistive biochip previously functionalized with a secondary anti-M. tuberculosis antibody. Magnetically labeled cells were detected by an array of spin-valve sensors, which change their electrical resistance in the presence of the fringe field of the magnetic particles. Optimization studies on the efficiency of the magnetic capture and further recognition of the bacteria by the secondary antibody on the biochip surface were conducted. The results on the magnetoresistive biochip showed a clear difference in the signal between specific and control (non-specific) sensors, suggesting the usefulness of this technique as a potential biorecognition tool for the development of a point-of-care diagnostic method for tuberculosis.

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