scholarly journals Clinical and serological evaluation of Leptospirosis in Puducherry, India

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Benjamin Shekatkar ◽  
Belgode Narasimha Harish ◽  
Godfred Antony Menezes ◽  
Subhash Chandra Parija
Keyword(s):  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Igm Elisa ◽  
Leptospira Serovars

Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution. There is a paucity of available data about prevalence of this disease in Pondicherry. Our aim was to investigate the seropositivity rate of leptospirosis in suspected cases and also to identify the predominant serogroups present by performing Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). The other aim of this study was to compare the results of a commercially available IgM ELISA with that of MAT. Methodology: A total of 110 blood samples from patients suspected of leptospirosis were sent for diagnosis. These samples were subjected to IgM ELISA and the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). MAT was done using a panel of 12 Leptospira serovars. Results: MAT analysis of the 110 samples showed 40 (36%) to be positive. Antibodies were predominantly seen against serogroup Leptospira Icterohemorrhagiae (27%), followed by Pomona (17%), and Pyrogenes (12%). IgM ELISA done on these samples showed a positivity of 37% compared to MAT. Conclusion: This study reveals that the MAT test can be standardized in a diagnostic laboratory and used in conjunction with an IgM ELISA.

scholarly journals Sero-prevalence of Leptospira spp. in Household and Stray Dogs by Microscopic Agglutination Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Ali Shabestari Asl ◽  
Mohammad Bafandehzendeh ◽  
Gholamreza Abdollahpoor
Keyword(s):  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Leptospira Serovars ◽  
Micro Organisms

Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide significance in human beings and many animals. This zoonotic disease causes infection in dogs and other pet animals and these animals can influence human’s health. Given the unknown prevalence of leptospirosis in dogs in our area, this study was performed to investigate the sero-epidemiology of leptospirosis and evaluate the seroprevalence of Leptospira serovars in both household and stray dogs by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Methods: Serum samples of 90 dogs in two household and stray groups (45 dogs for each group) were collected. Specimens were examined by MAT (in accordance with the procedure recommended by WHO) against antigens of serovars Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Hardjo, Autumnalis, and Ballum. Results: In total, 6.7% of (n=6) dogs (1 stray and 5 household dogs) had a serum titer of 1:100 or more against Leptospira serovars. Dominant serovars were Canicola (8.9%), Grippotyphosa (2.2%), and Pomona (2.2%), respectively. The antibody titer against more than one serovar was observed only in one dog. The sero-prevalence was 11.1% in household dogs and 2.2% in stray dogs. Since 4 pet dogs had been vaccinated recently, it seems that the actual percentage of infection in household dogs must be just 2.2% and actual infection in dogs including stray dogs is approximately 4.4% in Tabriz. Conclusion: Fortunately, the rate of infection in Tabriz is low and this can be due to special geographical and climatic conditions, regular and annual vaccination of household dogs against this disease, and lack of suitable conditions for the growth and survival of such micro-organisms in the environment

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of leptospirosis in a rural flood prone district of Bangladesh

1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Morshed ◽  
H. Konishi ◽  
Y. Terada ◽  
Y. Arimitsu ◽  
T. Nakazawa
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Human Sera

SUMMARYLeptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease. In the present investigation, a total of 89 human sera from a flood prone district of Bangladesh was screened by a one-point microscapsule agglutination test (MCAT). MCAT-positive and-doubtful sera were further tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) against 16 reference serovars ofLeptospira interrogans. and the antibody titres determined. In MCAT, 34 sera were positive and 22 were doubtful. Among those positive and doubtful sera. 33 and 20. respectively were tested by MAT. Thirty-four out of 53 MCAT-screened samples were MAT-positive. The titres ranged from 20 to 1600 with antibodies to serovarscopenhageni, australis, cynopteriandicterohaemorrhagiaebeing the most prevalent. Eleven MCAT-positive samples failed to react with any strains used by MAT, suggesting the presence of new or untested serovars. Among the MAT-positive samples, the presence of antibody against two or more serovars was more common than that of a single serovar. The present study suggests that rural people in Bangladesh are at high risk to leptospiral infection.

scholarly journals Pigs leptospirosis at the territory of Belgrade

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 331-338
Author(s):  
Dragica Vojinovic ◽  
Ana Vasic ◽  
Dubravka Jovicic ◽  
Bosiljka Djuricic ◽  
Zivka Ilic
Keyword(s):  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Very High

Examinations of pig blood samples have been carried out at public pig farms in three Belgrade municipalities: Palilula, Surcin and Obrenovac. The number of tested blood serums of pigs at Palilula was 18990, in Surcin 7739 and in Obrenovac it was 8200. The number of positive blood serums on leptospirosis in pigs was 760, and out of that number the most positive samples (496) were in Surcin, followed by Palilula (217), and the least were found in Obrenovac (47). In the period from 2000 to 2009, there were tested 34929 blood serums of pigs from farms located at the territory of Belgrade. For the investigations there was used the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) on seven varieties of L. interrogans: L. pomona, L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. grippotyphosa, L. sejroe, L. canicola, L. bataviae and L. australis. Seropositivity in pigs was determined in 760 blood serums, or in 2.17%. Leptospirosis prevalence was not very high, but it was constant, which indicates that leptospirosis infection maintained at the territory of Belgrade for ten years throughout our continual investigation.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Serovars of Leptospira Involved in Equine Abortions in Central Kentucky during the 1990 Foaling Season

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Donahue ◽  
Barbara J. Smith ◽  
Judy K. Donahoe ◽  
Cindy L. Rigsby ◽  
Robert R. Tramontin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
Leptospira Serovars ◽  
Culture Negative ◽  
Fetal Fluids

A study to determine the prevalence of leptospira-induced abortions in the central Kentucky equine population during the 1990 foaling season and to determine the leptospira serovars responsible was conducted. From July 1, 1989 through June 30, 1990, 32 (4.4%) of 726 submissions (fetuses, stillborn foals, and/or placentas) were diagnosed as leptospirosis by the fluorescent antibody test and/or microscopic agglutination test. Attempts were made to isolate leptospires from the fetal tissues and/or the dam's urine in 31 of these cases. Leptospira interrogans serovar kennewicki was isolated from 11 (35.5%) and serovar grippotyphosa from 2 (6.5%) of the 31 cases. Of 12 cases that were culture negative with serologically positive fetal fluids, 8 had titers against serovar pomona, 1 against bratislava, 1 against grippotyphosa, 1 against hardjo, and 1 against both bratislava and pomona.

Prevalence and risk factors for Leptospira exposure in New Zealand veterinarians

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
pp. 2116-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. SANHUEZA ◽  
C. HEUER ◽  
P. R. WILSON ◽  
J. BENSCHOP ◽  
J. M. COLLINS-EMERSON
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Influenza Like Illness

SUMMARYThis study assessed seroprevalence and risk factors for Leptospira (serovars Hardjo, Pomona, Ballum, Copenhageni, Tarassovi) exposure in New Zealand veterinarians. Veterinarians (n = 277) at one of two conferences were voluntarily enrolled and blood samples taken. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) titres ⩾48 were considered seropositive. Fourteen veterinarians (5·1%, 95% confidence interval 2·8−8·3) were seropositive to Leptospira. Home slaughter of cattle or pigs were significant risk factors for Leptospira exposure. There were no clear relationships between the animal species handled at work and serostatus. However, veterinarians spending a ‘mid to high’ proportion of their time (>50% to ⩽75%) with pets had higher odds of being seropositive than those not working with pets. A borderline positive association (P = 0·09) was observed between seropositivity and clinical influenza-like illness (⩾3 days off work) in the 18 months before the study. Assuming causality, this suggests that 8·3% of these cases may be attributed to Leptospira exposure.

scholarly journals Frequency of leptospirosis in horses in Manaus and metropolitan region in Amazonas State, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. e172607
Author(s):  
Isadora Karolina Freitas de Sousa ◽  
Rebeca Larissa Castro Silva ◽  
Rejane dos Santos Sousa ◽  
Claudia Elisa Martins Vieira ◽  
Sérgio de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
The State ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Leptospira Serovars ◽  
Amazonas State

The occurrence of leptospirosis is significantly higher in the tropical climate than in temperate regions, especially in periods with high rainfall levels. In horses, leptospirosis can range from subclinical to asymptomatic but maintains an important role in the transmission of leptospirosis by eliminating the agent in the environment. Regarding horses, the Amazonas herd increased by 30% between 2004 and 2013. Thus, the study aimed to determine the serological prevalence of leptospirosis in horses in Manaus and metropolitan regions, in the State of Amazonas, Brazil as well as to assess the main serogroups involved in the infections of these animals. For this purpose, from August 2018 to July 2019, serum from 198 horses was evaluated through the microscopic agglutination test with a panel of 10 serogroups. As a result, 92 horses (44.46%) were found to be positive for one or more Leptospira serovars, with the highest prevalence of serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae and Pyrogenes. Therefore, with the increase in the equine herd in the region and, consequently, greater interaction between breeders and animals, the identification of reagents to at least one serovar of Leptospira spp. signals the possible existence of reservoirs of pathogenic strains for other animals and man.

scholarly journals Serological prevalence of Leptospira serovars among pigs in Ukraine during the period of 2001–2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Ukhovskyi ◽  
A Pyskun ◽  
L Korniienko ◽  
H Aliekseieva ◽  
O Moroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The World ◽  
Leptospira Serovars

Leptospirosis is a widespread infection among pigs throughout the world. In most cases in Ukraine, only the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is used for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in animals. In general, during the period of 2001–2019, 2 381 163 samples of blood sera from swine were tested in our country and 85 338 positive reactions were received, which is 3.58% [binomial confidence intervals (BCI), 3.56–3.61%]. It was established that the serovars copenhageni – 33.91% (BCI, 33.59–34.23%), bratislava – 14.14% (BCI, 13.90–14.37%), pomona – 8.58% (BCI, 8.39–8.77%), and tarassovi – 7.12% (BCI, 6.95–7.30%) play a leading role in the aetiological structure of swine leptospirosis. A large number of positive reactions to several serovars was observed – 29.78% (BCI, 29.47–30.09%) of the total number of positive cases. In addition, the article presents data according to a retrospective analysis of the eight serovars circulating among pigs in Ukraine. Thus, during the nineteen year period, there was a decrease in the number of positive reactions to bratislava, pomona, and tarassovi and an increase in the number of positive reactions to copenhageni, polonica, and kabura. Mapping Ukraine’s territory for leptospirosis among pigs was carried out. This allows one to identify zones with a risk of leptospirosis infections among swine. The maps show that the highest incidence rates were identified in the eastern and central parts of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp in cattle from Monte Negro municipality, western Amazon

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Aguiar ◽  
Solange M. Gennari ◽  
Guacyara T. Cavalcante ◽  
Marcelo B. Labruna ◽  
Silvio A. Vasconcellos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Leptospira Serovars ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Female Cattle ◽  
Sera Samples

The prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp antibodies was investigated in 2,109 female cattle from 86 herds of Monte Negro municipality, Rondônia, Brazil. Sera samples were evaluated by Microscopic Agglutination Test against 24 leptospira serovars. Titers =100 for at least one of 24 leptospira serovars were detected in 1,114 cows (52.8%) from 82 (95.3%) herds. The adjusted overall prevalence for Monte Negro municipality was 53.9% (49-58.7%; CI: 95%). The most prevalent serovars were Hardjo (14.5%), Wolffi (12.3%), Shermani (10.8%), Patoc (7.9%), and Hebdomadis (6.1%). Other serovars worldwidely reported like Bratislava, Pomona and Grippotyphosa were detected in low levels.

scholarly journals Detection of anti-Leptospira antibodies in domestic captive primates from Acre, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Dos Santos Medeiros ◽  
Soraia Figueiredo de Souza ◽  
Yuri Karaccas de Carvalho ◽  
Maria Vânia França Ribeiro ◽  
Gabriel Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Region Detection

Because the Wild Animals Screening Center (CETAS) focuses intensely on restoration and maintenance of primate health and diversity in the Amazon region, detection of potential threats to animal health is crucial. In this view, neglected infections such as leptospirosis are of particular interest. In this report, we have studied the seroreactivity of anti-Leptospira antibodies from primate blood samples collected at CETAS between September 2011 and September 2012. Of the 14 animals investigated by the microscopic agglutination test using live antigens, five (35.7%) were reactive against serovars Celledoni (1), Hebdomadis (1), Icterohaemorrhagiae (2), and Sejroe (1). The results indicate that it is important to identify the contact of these animals with possible pathogens in order to ensure reintroduction of healthy animals into the wild and further understand the disease epidemiology in animals under captivity, gathering, and voluntary surrender of domestic captivity in Acre, Brazil.

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