scholarly journals Seroprevalence and molecular diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection among blood donors in southern Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
pp. 543-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahador Sarkari ◽  
Reza Shafiei ◽  
Mani Zare ◽  
Sattar Sohrabpour ◽  
Leila Kasraian
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite which can be transmitted to human through a variety of routes including blood transfusion. This cross sectional study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection and related epidemiological features among healthy blood donors. Methodology: A total of 1,480 healthy blood donors from five blood service centers in Fars province were analyzed for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. Blood samples were tested for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies by enzyme immunoassay. IgM-positive samples were also tested for the presence of Toxoplasma DNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Demographic characteristics of participants were also recorded during samples collection. Results: Anti T. gondii antibodies were detected in sera of 286 out of 1,480 blood donors corresponding to an overall seroprevalence of 19.3% in this population.  From these, 182 (12.3%) were seropositive only for IgG, 81 (5.47%) were seropositive only for IgM and 23 (1.6%) were positive for both IgG and IgM. PCR detected active parasitemia in two (1.9%) of the IgM-positive subjects. Age, place of residence and level of education were statistically significant (p < 0.05) with seropositivity to Toxoplasma. Conclusions: Our results highlighted that asymptomatic blood donors, especially those with active parasitemia, may constitute a significant risk of transmitting toxoplasmosis to susceptible recipients.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant mother in Makassar, Indonesia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0245572
Author(s):  
Nurul Fadilah Ali Polanunu ◽  
Sitti Wahyuni ◽  
Firdaus Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

The protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii is estimated to infect one-third of the world’s population. Infection in pregnant women can cause severe conditions for their babies. Until now, there is no data regarding Toxoplasma infection from Makassar pregnant mothers. This study aims to obtain information on Toxoplasma specific antibodies and to measure the risk factor associate with parasite infection. This cross-sectional study conducted in 9 of 47 primary health centres (Puskesmas) in Makassar. Blood samples and questionnaires were collected from 184 pregnant women aged 15–42 years old from September to October 2020. ELISA technique was used to examine the IgG and IgM antibodies. Univariable and multivariable analyses were carried out to measure factors that independently associate with Toxoplasma antibody positivity. Our result showed the range of Toxoplasma IgM and IgG are 0.06–1.01 and 0.09–3.01, respectively. While no one of our participants has an acute Toxoplasma gondii infection (IgM positive), we found 32,6% pregnant mothers are exposed to parasite (positive IgG). Contact with cats [OR(95%CI): 10.45(3.77–28.99)], consume chicken satay [OR(95%CI): 9.72(3.71–25.48)] and consume un-boiled water/ filtered water [OR(95%CI): 5.98(1.77–20.23)] are independently associate with positive Toxoplasma IgG antibody. Based on the result, we conclude that pregnant women in Makassar are exposed to T. gondii and the oocyst and tissue cyst of parasite contaminates food and water in Makassar.

Cross-sectional survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in colony cats from urban Florence (Italy)

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Mancianti ◽  
Simona Nardoni ◽  
Gaetano Ariti ◽  
Dario Parlanti ◽  
Giovanna Giuliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Cats are the key species in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection, even if the proportion of subjects excreting oocysts is low. The aim of the present paper was to obtain information about seroprevalence, oocyst shedding rate and presence of T gondii DNA in faeces collected from an urban population of colony cats in Florence (Tuscany). Fifty European shorthair feral cats were examined for anti- T gondii specific antibodies by a modified agglutination test (MAT), and for oocysts by microscopic examination and for faecal protozoal DNA, by means of a nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR) protocol. Twenty-two out of 50 serum samples (44%) were MAT positive. T gondii oocysts were not detected in any of the examined faecal samples. Eight out of 50 faecal specimens (16%) were n-PCR positive and sequencing of the bands was specific for T gondii. Detection by combination of the two methods was higher than single techniques and enhanced the detection of T gondii up to 48%. Our results suggest that the use of MAT plus PCR in faeces may be the best choice for diagnosis of feline toxoplasmosis. Further studies to ascertain the real infectivity of the copro-PCR positive subjects are required.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients with multiple sclerosis; A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Bayat ◽  
Alireza Fayyazpoor ◽  
Afshin Borhani Haghighi ◽  
Daniyal Salehi ◽  
Hossein Molavi Vardanjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Positive Real ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Disability Level

AbstractBackgroundNeurological disability associated with multiple sclerosis and immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory therapy which is administered for it may increases the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its morbidity/mortality.ObjectiveIn this study, we evaluated the infection rate and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)MethodsOne thousand and three hundred and sixty one MS patients from Fars province, south of Iran, were interviewed by phone from April 3 to June 20, 2020. Basic demographic data, information about MS disease and any symptoms or laboratory results relevant to COVID-19 were gathered and reviewed by treating neurologist and MS nurses. SPSS version 22 was used for data analysis.Results68 (5%) of MS patients were suspected cases and 8 (0.58%) of all patients with positive real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or chest CT were in the confirmed group. 5 cases of the confirmed group needed hospitalization. Two patients died while both of them had PPMS and were taking rituximab. The frequency rate of suspected cases with RRMS was 57 (87.7%), followed by PPMS 5 (7.7%) and CIS 2(3.1%). In the confirmed group 37.5% had RRMS, 50% had PPMS, 25% use corticosteroid drug, and 50% were on rituximab. 62.5% of confirmed cases had high disability level and need assistance to walk. 36.8% of suspected and 25% of the confirmed cases were on IFN-β1; eventually all of them recovered well from COVID-19 infection.ConclusionThe present study showed that rate of developing COVID-19 in MS patients are similar to the general population and the frequency of PPMS phenotype, rituximab therapy and corticosteroid therapy were higher in the confirmed group.

scholarly journals Immunity Status of Blood Donors RegardingToxoplasma gondiiInfection in a Low-Income District of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane Siransy ◽  
Sery Romuald Dasse ◽  
Serge Pacôme Dou Gonat ◽  
Antoinette Legbedji ◽  
Koffi N’guessan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Population ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modes Of Transmission

Background. Toxoplasmosis is a widespread cosmopolitan anthropozoonosis, which affects more than a third of the world population. Except the modes of transmission well known,Toxoplasma gondiican be transmitted during transplantation or blood transfusion. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of IgG and IgMToxoplasma gondiiand to estimate the potential risk by blood products.Methods. This is a cross-sectional study on the research forToxoplasma gondiiantibodies (IgG and IgM) blood donors performed by ELISA.Results. An overall seroprevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiamong blood donors recruited was 67.92% (n=72). Among these, 68 haveToxoplasma gondiiIgG (64.15%), 12Toxoplasma gondiiIgM (11.32%), and 4 (3.77%) both. The risk varies between 8 for 100000 and 172 for 100000 donations.Conclusion. The need to strengthen security measures for people multitransfused, immunocompromised, and pregnant women to reduce the transmission of toxoplasmosis is important.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Study of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pig Farms in England

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 269-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Limon ◽  
Wendy Beauvais ◽  
Nikolaos Dadios ◽  
Isabelle Villena ◽  
Charlotte Cockle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

scholarly journals Sero-Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection among HIV-Positive Patients in Khartoum : A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Elghazali Mohammed ◽  
Mustafa Yassin ◽  
Khalid Anan ◽  
Awadalkareem Omer ◽  
Mutaz A. Elsir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background and Aim : Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common comorbidities in HIV-positive patients with CD4+ T lymphocytes below 200 cells/μl. Toxoplasmosis with encephalitis may affect HIV infection, in particular in patients with developing AIDS. Early diagnosis and treatment of toxoplasmosis reduces the mortality rate in HIV-positive people. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in HIV-positive patients in Khartoum, Sudan using serological and molecular methods. Methods : This was a descriptive cross sectional, hospital based study, blood sample were collected from 100 participants; out of them were 50 HIV/AIDS patients and 50 were healthy Blood donors attending HIV Center -Omdurman Hospital, and Sudan Heart Center blood bank respectively. Socio- demographic data were collected by structured questionnaire. Of the 50 HIV/AIDS patients, 25 (50%) were from each gender, their age ranged between 22 and 62 with mean of 39.5+10.69. They were classified into two age groups; from 22 to 42 years, and from 43 to 62 years, and their distribution was 29 (58%), and 21 (42%) respectively. According to the clinical stage they were classified into the four clinical-stage groups and their distribution was as following: 06 (12.0%) in stage 1, 02 (04%) in stage 2, 40 (80.0%) in stage 3, and 02 (04.0%) in stage 4. Twelve of them (22%) were under ART treatments. The 50 blood donors on their hand were all males, their age was ranged between 18 and 42 years old. Regarding their educatio, 15 (30%) were educated, while the remaining 35 (70%) were none educated. Mentioning their marital status 10 (20%) were married, while 40 (80%) were single. Regarding the contact with cats 25 (50%) has contact with cats. All samples collected were tested for anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies by ELISA, and by PCR for detection of Toxoplasma DNA.. Results: Out of the 50 HIV/AIDS patients; Anti-Toxoplasma IgM was detected in two patients (04%), while IgG was detected in 08 (16%) patients, the Toxoplasma DNA was detected in three (06%) patients.Regarding the blood donors group; all studied blood donors showed negative results for anti-toxoplasma IgM, while 16 (32%) showed positive anti-Toxoplasma IgG.No blood donors sample was detected positive for Toxoplasma DNA with PCR. There were no significant differences in comparison between the blood donors and the HIV/AIDS patients regarding serological and molecular toxoplasma test results. Conclusion : The current study showed a relatively high seroprevalance of anti-T.gondii IgG and low IgM antibodies in HIV-positive patients in comparison with previous studies in Sudan. Considering the relatively high seroprevalance rate of toxoplasma infection in blood donors reported in this study, toxoplasmosis should be considered as a significant transfusion risk.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Kumasi: A Cross-Sectional Study at a District-Level Hospital, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bhavana Singh ◽  
Linda Batsa Debrah ◽  
Godfred Acheampong ◽  
Alexander Yaw Debrah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Level Hospital

Background. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in a district-level hospital in Ghana and compared the diagnostic performance of the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for T. gondii diagnosis. Method. This cross-sectional study included 400 consecutive consenting women in their first-trimester stage of pregnancy. A validated well-structured closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data and possible risk factors of each participant. Blood samples were collected for analysis of T. gondii IgG and IgM using the commercial ELISA Kit and RDT. Results. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 21.5% and 57.3% based on the RDT and ELISA technique, respectively. Secondary education ( cOR = 1.9 , 95% CI (1.1-3.1), and p = 0.020 ) and contact with cats ( cOR = 1.7 , 95% CI (1.1-2.8), and p = 0.030 ) were significant predictors of T. gondii infection, with the former being the only independent risk factor for T. gondii infection ( aOR = 1.8 , 95% CI (1.0-3.0), and p = 0.034 ) by the ELISA method. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of RDT-IgM against ELISA were 42.9%, 95.9%, and 0.694, respectively, whereas those of RDT-IgG were 31.0%, 91.2%, and 0.611, respectively. The diagnostic consistency between the two methods was fair for both RDT-IgM ( κ = 0.304 ) and RDT-IgG ( κ = 0.201 ). Conclusion. The prevalence of T. gondii infection among pregnant women at Kumasi is 21.5% and 57.3% based on the RDT and ELISA technique, respectively. Secondary education and contact with cats were the major risk factors of T. gondii infection. Using ELISA as the reference, the RDT used in this study for the diagnosis of T. gondii infection has low sensitivity, and therefore, it is unreliable. However, this finding does not invalidate all RDTs because there are several other brands of RDT with good sensitivity and specificity. Further studies to ascertain the performance of other commercially available RDT kits are needed.

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