scholarly journals Immune response to influenza A(H1N1)v in HIV-infected patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Sansonetti ◽  
Michela Sali ◽  
Massimiliano Fabbiani ◽  
Matteo Morandi ◽  
Rosa Martucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Hiv Negative

Introduction: HIV infection is considered a risk factor for severe outcomes of influenza A(H1N1)v infection. However, data on immune response against influenza A(H1N1)v virus in HIV-infected patients are lacking. Methodology: Data from seven HIV-positive and 14 HIV-negative patients infected with A(H1N1)v and from 23 HIV-positive and six HIV-negative asymptomatic controls were analyzed to evaluate the clinical picture, A(H1N1)v viral shedding, and the immune response against the virus. Results: Patients displayed mainly upper respiratory tract diseases (57.1%), while pneumonia was diagnosed only in HIV-negative patients (23.8% of subjects, of which 4.8% required intensive care unit admission). At day seven, 29% of HIV-infected patients were still positive for A(H1N1)v by RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs. Interestingly, a persistence of CXCL10 secretion at high level and lower IL-6 levels was observed in HIV-positive subjects. The geometric mean haemagglutination inhibition titer (HI-GMT) and anti-influenza IgM levels were lower in HIV-positive individuals while anti-influenza IgG levels remained similar in the two groups. Conclusions: The immune impairment due to HIV infection could affect A(H1N1)v clearance and could lead to a lower antibody response and a persistent secretion of CXCL10 at high levels. However, the lower IL-6 secretion and treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) could result in a milder clinical picture.

scholarly journals Slow clinical improvement after treatment initiation in Leishmania/HIV coinfected patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenael Freire de Souza ◽  
Fernando Biscione ◽  
Dirceu Bartolomeu Greco ◽  
Ana Rabello
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Hiv Negative

INTRODUCTION: In Brazil there is a large area of overlap of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and HIV infection, which favored a increased incidence of coinfection Leishmania/HIV. METHODS: This study evaluated 65 consecutive patients with VL and their clinical response to treatment in two health care settings in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. RESULTS: At baseline, the clinical picture was similar between both groups, although diarrhea and peripheral lymphadenomegaly were more frequent in HIV-infected subjects. HIV-positive patients had lower median blood lymphocyte counts (686/mm³ versus 948/mm³p = 0.004) and lower values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (48IU/L versus 75.6IU/L p = 0.016) than HIV-negative patients. HIV-positive status (hazard ratio = 0.423, p = 0.023) and anemia (HR = 0.205, p = 0.002) were independent negative predictors of complete clinical response following antileishmanial treatment initiation. CONCLUSIONS: This study reinforces that all patients with VL should be tested for HIV infection, regardless of their clinical picture. This practice would allow early recognition of coinfection with initiation of antiretroviral therapy and, possibly, reduction in treatment failure.

scholarly journals Immunity against influenza A(H1N1) infections is determined by age at the time of initial strain circulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DELABRE ◽  
N. SALEZ ◽  
N. LAPIDUS ◽  
M. LEMAITRE ◽  
M. LERUEZ-VILLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Initial Strain ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Interval Censored ◽  
Additive Mixed Models ◽  
Pandemic Strains ◽  
Serological Data

SUMMARYWe explored age-dependent patterns in haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titre to seasonal [1956 A(H1N1), 1977 A(H1N1), 2007 A(H1N1)] and pandemic [A(H1N1)pdm09] influenza strains using serological data collected from an adult French influenza cohort. Subjects were recruited by their general practitioners from 2008 to 2009 and followed until 2010. We explored age-related differences between strain-specific HI titres using 1053 serological samples collected over the study period from 398 unvaccinated subjects. HI titres against the tested seasonal and pandemic strains were determined using the HI technique. Geometric mean titres (GMTs) were estimated using regression models for interval-censored data. Generalized additive mixed models were fit to log-transformed HI estimates to study the relationship between HI titre and age (age at inclusion and/or age at initial strain circulation). GMT against one strain was consistently highest in the birth cohort exposed to that strain during childhood, with peak titres observed in subjects aged 7–8 years at the time of initial strain circulation. Our results complete previous findings on influenza A(H3N2) strains and identify a strain-dependent relationship between HI titre and age at initial strain circulation.

scholarly journals Adjuvant Effect of Orally Applied Preparations Containing Non-Digestible Polysaccharides on Influenza Vaccination in Healthy Seniors: A Double-Blind, Randomised, Controlled Pilot Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2683
Author(s):  
Christiane Laue ◽  
Yala Stevens ◽  
Monique van Erp ◽  
Ekaterina Papazova ◽  
Edlyn Soeth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Adjuvant Effect ◽  
Seroprotection Rate ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Senior individuals can suffer from immunosenescence and novel strategies to bolster the immune response could contribute to healthy ageing. In this double-blind, randomised, controlled pilot trial, we investigated the ability of non-digestible polysaccharide (NPS) preparations to enhance the immune response in a human vaccination model. In total, 239 subjects (aged 50–79 years) were randomised to consume one of five different NPS (yeast β-glucan (YBG), shiitake β-glucan (SBG), oat β-glucan (OBG), arabinoxylan (AX), bacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS)) or control (CTRL) product daily for five weeks. After two weeks of intervention, subjects were vaccinated with seasonal influenza vaccine. The post-vaccination increases in haemagglutination inhibition antibody titres and seroprotection rate against the influenza strains were non-significantly enhanced in the NPS intervention groups compared to CTRL. Specifically, a trend towards a higher mean log2 fold increase was observed in the AX group (uncorrected p = 0.074) combined with a trend for an increased seroprotection rate, AX group (48.7%) compared to CTRL (25.6%) (uncorrected p = 0.057), for the influenza A H1N1 strain. Subjects consuming AX also had a reduced incidence of common colds compared to CTRL (1 vs. 8; p = 0.029 in Fisher exact test). No adverse effects of NPS consumption were reported. The findings of this pilot study warrant further research to study AX as an oral adjuvant to support vaccine efficacy.

scholarly journals Low-dose aspirin use does not diminish the immune response to monovalent H1N1 influenza vaccine in older adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. JACKSON ◽  
A. BELLAMY ◽  
M. WOLFF ◽  
H. HILL ◽  
L. A. JACKSON
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
H1n1 Vaccine ◽  
Dose Aspirin ◽  
Low Dose Aspirin ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

SUMMARYNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may inhibit antibody production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells; one consequence of this could be decreased effectiveness of vaccines in NSAID users. Because many older adults use low-dose aspirin for primary or secondary prevention of coronary events, any inhibitory effect of aspirin on vaccine immune response could reduce the benefits of vaccination programmes in older adults. We tested whether immune response to vaccination differed between users vs. non-users of low-dose aspirin, using data from four randomized trials of monovalent 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) vaccine. Geometric mean haemagglutination inhibition antibody titres were not significantly lower in low-dose aspirin users compared to non-users. Our results provide reassurance that influenza vaccination effectiveness is probably not reduced in older adults taking chronic low-dose aspirin.

Clinical outcomes of syphilis in HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM: occurrence of repeat syphilis episodes and non-treponemal serology responses

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054887
Author(s):  
Silvia Achia Nieuwenburg ◽  
Ricardo Jamie Sprenger ◽  
Maarten Franciscus Schim van der Loeff ◽  
Henry John Christiaan de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviour ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv Negative

ObjectivesHIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) may be at a higher risk of repeat syphilis, have different clinical manifestations and have a different serological response to treatment compared with HIV-negative MSM. The objective of this study was to assess whether HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM with infectious syphilis (primary, secondary or early latent) differed in history of previous syphilis episodes, disease stage and non-treponemal titre of initial and repeat episodes, and the titre response 6 and 12 months after treatment. Furthermore, determinants associated with an inadequate titre response after treatment were explored.MethodsThis retrospective analysis used data of five longitudinal studies (four cohorts; one randomised controlled trial) conducted at the STI clinic in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Participants were tested for syphilis and completed questionnaires on sexual risk behaviour every 3–6 months. We included data of participants with ≥1 syphilis diagnosis in 2014–2019. Pearson’s χ² test was used to compare HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM in occurrence of previous syphilis episodes, disease stage of initial and repeat syphilis episode and non-treponemal titre treatment responses.ResultsWe included 355 participants with total 459 syphilis episodes. HIV-positive MSM were more likely to have a history of previous syphilis episodes compared with HIV-negative MSM (68/90 (75.6%) vs 96/265 (36.2%); p<0.001). Moreover, HIV-positive MSM with repeat syphilis were less often diagnosed with primary syphilis (7/73 (9.6%) vs 36/126 (28.6%)) and more often diagnosed with secondary syphilis (16/73 (21.9%) vs 17/126 (13.5%)) and early latent syphilis (50/73 (68.5%) vs 73/126 (57.9%)) (p=0.005). While not significantly different at 12 months, HIV-negative MSM were more likely to have an adequate titre response after 6 months compared with HIV-positive MSM (138/143 (96.5%) vs 66/74 (89.2%); p=0.032).ConclusionsIn repeat syphilis, HIV infection is associated with advanced syphilis stages and with higher non-treponemal titres. HIV infection affects the serological outcome after treatment, as an adequate titre response was observed earlier in HIV-negative MSM.

scholarly journals The importance of antineuraminidase antibodies in resistance to influenza A and immunologic memory for their synthesis

1983 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Naikhin ◽  
I. M. Tsaritsina ◽  
E. V. Oleinikova ◽  
L. G. Syrodoeva ◽  
N. L. Korchanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Antigenic Structure ◽  
Immunologic Memory ◽  
Antibody Synthesis ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Simplified Method

SUMMARYEight hundred and seventy-seven sera from 360 adults aged 18–50 who were under permanent observation from October 1980 to March 1981 have been studied by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and erythrocyte elution-inhibition (EI) tests – a simplified method of antineuraminidase antibody titration. It was demonstrated in some subjects infected with influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 viruses that the antibody rise was to one of the surface antigens only – haemagglutinin or neuraminidase. These subjects made up 5·2–25·8% of all examinees. The protective effect of antibodies to neuraminidase was similar to that of antihaemagglutinins. Interaction of both types of antibodies was observed in protection against the disease. Data have been obtained on the influence of antineuraminidase antibodies in decreasing the severity of natural infection with influenza A.A study of heterologous immunologic responses to haemagglutinin and neuraminidase among persons immunized with live influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 vaccines and among children naturally infected with influenza A H3N2 demonstrated the presence of immunologic memory for antineuraminidase antibody synthesis. Thus, the suggestion of a common antigenic structure for neuraminidase Nl and N2 is made.

Abstract WP426: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haralabos Zacharatos ◽  
Malik M Adil ◽  
Ameer E Hassan ◽  
Sarwat I Gilani ◽  
Adnan I Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: There is limited data regarding the unique attributes of ischemic stroke among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). There is no published data regarding the occurrence and outcomes of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) among HIV infected persons. Methods: The largest all-payer Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS 2002-2010) data was used to identify and analyze all patients presenting with the primary diagnosis of SAH in the United States. Among this cohort, we identified the patients who were not HIV positive and those who were HIV positive. Patient demographics, medical co-morbidities, in-hospital complications, in-hospital procedures, and discharge disposition were compared between the two groups. The association between HIV infection and outcomes was evaluated in multivariate analysis after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Of the 351,491 patients admitted with SAH, 1367 (0.39%) were infected with HIV. HIV infected patients were younger, mean age [±SD] of 45 ±14.2 years versus those who were not 58±19 years, (p<0.0001). The rate of blood transfusion [27,286 (7.8%) versus 245.6 (18%), p=0.0003], mechanical ventilation [51,199 (14.6%) versus 316.1(23.1%), p=0.008], and sepsis [14,644 (4.2%) versus 236.1 (17.3%), p<0.0001] was significantly higher among HIV infected patients. After adjusting for age, gender, hypertension, coagulopathy, atrial fibrillation, renal failure, and dyslipidemia, HIV negative patients had a significantly higher rate of discharge to home (odds ratio [OR] 1.9, 95% CI: 1.4-2.6, p<0.0001) and lower in-patient mortality (OR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3-0.5, p<0.001). Further adjustment for blood transfusion and sepsis reduced the odds of discharge to home for the HIV negative patients, from 1.9 to 1.7 but did not affect in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: The in-hospital mortality in HIV infected patients with SAH is higher despite these patients being younger than non-HIV infected patients. We believe that this study provides a nationwide perspective which may have some important implications for early recognition and diagnosis of HIV-infection in SAH patients.

scholarly journals Anolunula in Fingernails among Patients Infected with HIV

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Pratik Gahalaut ◽  
Nitin Mishra ◽  
Sandhya Chauhan ◽  
Mir Mubashir Ali ◽  
Madhur Kant Rastogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv Negative

Lunula is the white, half-moon shaped area seen in proximal ends of some nails. Though a few studies have described the nail changes that can occur in association with HIV infection, none of these paid much attention to lunula. Aims and Objectives. To study the lunula in fingernails among HIV infected patients. Materials and Methods. An observational, cross-sectional study to record presence of lunula in 168 HIV-positive patients and compare it with age and sex matched 168 healthy HIV-negative control. Anolunula (absence of lunula) in HIV-positive patients was correlated with CD4 counts, stages of HIV infection, time since patient was diagnosed as HIV-positive, and status of antiretroviral therapy. Results. Anolunula was present in significantly more fingernails in HIV-positive patients compared to HIV-negative controls. There was a highly significant difference for total anolunula (anolunula in all fingernails) in study and control group. Incidence of total anolunula was directly proportional to the stage of HIV infection, increasing progressively as the HIV infection advances from stage 1 to stage 4. Conclusion. Absence of lunula is related to not only HIV infection per se but also the stages of HIV infection.

scholarly journals Outbreak of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) in a Finnish garrison - a serological survey

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Aho ◽  
O Lyytikaïnen ◽  
J E Nyholm ◽  
T Kuitunen ◽  
E Rönkkö ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Major Part ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory

In September 2009, an outbreak of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) took place in a Finnish garrison. In November 2009, we performed a serological survey among 984 recruits undergoing their military service at the garrison and related the results to self-reported upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) with or without fever. Of 346 volunteers who donated a blood sample, 169 (49%) had pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus-specific antibodies. Of those, 84 (50%) reported no recent history of URTI, suggesting that a major part of those infected with pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus may be asymptomatic.

scholarly journals Neurocysticercosis and HIV Infection: what can we learn from the published literature?

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Herrera Vazquez ◽  
Matthew L. Romo ◽  
Agnès Fleury
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Hiv Negative

ABSTRACT Infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and by the larvae of Taenia solium (i.e., cysticercosis) are still widespread in many developing countries. Both pathologies modify host immune status and it is possible that HIV infection may modulate the frequency and pathogeny of cysticercosis of the central nervous system (i.e., neurocysticercosis [NCC]). Objective: To describe published cases of NCC among HIV-positive patients and to evaluate whether the characteristics of NCC, including frequency, symptoms, radiological appearance, and response to treatment differed between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. Methods: Forty cases of NCC/HIV co-infected patients were identified in the literature. Clinical and radiological characteristics, as well as response to treatment, were compared with non-matching historical series of NCC patients without HIV infection. Results: Most of these patients had seizures and multiple vesicular parasites located in parenchyma. Clinical and radiological characteristics were similar between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with NCC, as well as between immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised HIV-positive patients. Conclusion: Our review did not reveal clear interactions between HIV and NCC. This may be partially due to the small number of cases and reliance on published research. A systematic, multi-institutional effort aiming to report all the cases of this dual pathology is needed to confirm this finding and to clarify the possible relationship between both pathogens.

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