scholarly journals The impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on high-risk behaviour of HIV-infected patients in sub-Saharan Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (06) ◽  
pp. 436-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Kabonge Kaye ◽  
Othman Kakaire ◽  
Michael Odongo Osinde ◽  
John Chrysestom Lule ◽  
Nelson Kakande
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Inconsistent Condom ◽  
High Risk Behavior ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Inconsistent Condom Use

Introduction: High-risk sexual behaviors such as multiple sexual partners, inconsistent condom use, acquisition of sexually transmitted infection (STIs), and non-use of contraceptives persist in HIV patients undergoing care. We conducted a systematic review of studies conducted in the era of increased access to HAART (2000-2010) to assess whether wide-scale use of HAART was associated with high-risk behavior among HAART-using patients. Methodology: We conducted a comprehensive search of databases (AIDSLINE, National Library of Medicine, MEDLINE, PubMed, CINHAL and EMBASE) from January 2002 to January 2010, reviewed conference proceedings and journals, and contacted the researchers involved. We analyzed the association of high-risk behaviors (non-disclosure of sero-status to sexual partners, inconsistent condom use, unprotected sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, non-use of contraceptives and acquisition of STIs) with using HAART. Information from eligible studies was abstracted using a standardized checklist. Fourteen English-language studies met the selection criteria of having high-risk behavior as an outcome in patients using HAART in sub-Saharan Africa. Results: Of the 92 eligible articles screened, 14 met the criteria for inclusion as primary articles, 10 showed that HAART is not associated with increased high-risk behavior, two showed increase in acquisition of STIs among HAART-using patients, (which was inconsistent with other measures of high-risk behavior), and two studies showed short-term increase in high-risk behavior. Conclusions: Persistence of high-risk behavior in HAART-using patients suggests that more effort needs to be incorporated in HIV care to reduce such behavior to reduce HIV transmission to uninfected populations.

scholarly journals Low program access despite high burden of sexual, structural, and reproductive health vulnerabilities among young women who sell sex in Mombasa, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Roberts ◽  
Huiting Ma ◽  
Parinita Bhattacharjee ◽  
Helgar K Musyoki ◽  
Peter Gichangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Inconsistent Condom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Inconsistent Condom Use

Abstract Background: Across Sub-Saharan Africa, young women who sell sex (YSW) face institutional barriers in accessing sexual health and HIV prevention programs designed for female sex workers. In 2018, Kenya developed a national framework to guide service provision for YSW aged 14 – 24 years. To help inform the implementation of the framework, we estimated the burden of vulnerabilities related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and program contact among YSW. Methods: We used data from Transitions, a 2015 bio-behavioural cross-sectional survey of 408 YSW aged 14 – 24 years in Mombasa, Kenya. We estimated the prevalence of sexual (inconsistent condom use), structural (financial, violence), and reproductive health vulnerabilities; and characterized engagement with local HIV programs tailored to sex workers. We then compared the prevalence of vulnerabilities by age group (14 – 18 years, N=117; 19 – 24 years, N=291) and by program contact (ever contacted by local program for sex workers). Results: 47.3% reported inconsistent condom use in the previous week with little variability by age. Structural vulnerabilities were common and did not vary by age: 83.6% did not have a regular source of income; 29.9% and 29.2% had experienced physical and sexual violence, respectively. 26.5% reported at least one pregnancy before age 18, and 18.5% used a non-reliable form of contraception with little variability by age. 25.7% were aware of at least one program, and only 13.7% of YSW had ever been contacted by a program (8.5% of those aged 14 – 18 years; and 15.8% of those aged 19 – 24 years, p=0.06). Sexual, structural, and reproductive health vulnerabilities did not vary by program contact. Conclusions: SDG-related vulnerabilities begin early in the lives of YSW and current programs are not reaching them.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Findings of Alcohol Misuse and Dependence Symptoms among Adolescent Girls and Young Women Involved in High-Risk Sexual Behavior in Kampala, Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6129
Author(s):  
Yunia Mayanja ◽  
Onesmus Kamacooko ◽  
Daniel Bagiire ◽  
Gertrude Namale ◽  
Janet Seeley
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Inconsistent Condom ◽  
Inconsistent Condom Use

Alcohol-related harms may be increased among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) involved in sex work, yet data on alcohol misuse among AGYW in sub-Saharan Africa are still scarce. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 15–24-year-old AGYW from January 2013 to December 2018 in Kampala, Uganda and used the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) to study alcohol use patterns and dependence symptoms (dependence score ≥4). Of 1440 participants (median age 21 years), 83.1% had less than secondary education, 79.8% reported ≥10 paying sexual partners in the past month, 46.0% had ever experienced intimate partner violence (IPV), and 20.6% were living with HIV. Overall, 59.9% scored ≥8 and 29.4% scored ≥16 on the AUDIT. Of 277 (15.8%) with dependence symptoms, 69.1% were screened alcohol dependent. An AUDIT score ≥8 was associated with older age, illicit drug use, experiencing IPV, inconsistent condom use with paying partners, and HIV sero-negativity. All factors remained associated with a higher score ≥16 except HIV status. Similarly, illicit drug use, experiencing IPV and inconsistent condom use were associated with dependence symptoms and, in addition, a higher number of paying sexual partners. Alcohol misuse is high in this population, they urgently need harmful substance use reduction interventions.

HIV/STI RISK-TAKING SEXUAL BEHAVIOURS AND RISK PERCEPTION AMONG MALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN TEHRAN: IMPLICATIONS FOR HIV PREVENTION AMONG YOUTH

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farideh Khalajabadi Farahani ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Akhondi ◽  
Mehdi Shirzad ◽  
Ali Azin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
University Students ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Inconsistent Condom ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Male University Students ◽  
Inconsistent Condom Use

SummaryRecent evidence indicates a rising trend in premarital sexual activity among young people in Iran. However, little is known about the extent to which young people’s sexual behaviours expose them to HIV and STI risks. This study aimed to assess HIV/STI-related sexual risk-taking behaviours (correlates and determinants) and HIV/STI risk perception among male university students in Tehran. A representative sample of male university students (N=1322) studying in government and private Tehran universities completed an anonymous questionnaire survey in 2013–14. Respondents were selected using two-stage stratified cluster sampling. About 35% of respondents had ever had premarital sex (n=462). The majority (about 85%) of the sexually experienced students reported having multiple sexual partners in their lifetime. More than half (54%) reported inconsistent condom use over the previous month. Despite this exposure to HIV/STI risk, the respondents had a very low level of HIV/STI risk perception. Only 6.5% were highly concerned about contracting HIV over the previous year, and an even lower percentage (3.4%) were concerned about contracting STIs in the near future. Early sexual debut (<18 years), studying in a private university, ever watching pornography and work experience were found to be significant predictors of having multiple sexual partners. Younger age at sexual debut, having one lifetime sexual partner and poor HIV knowledge were significant predictors of inconsistent condom use over the preceding month. HIV prevention programmes among Iranian youth need to focus on the postponement of first sex and enhancement of HIV/STI knowledge in the light of increasing access of young people to pornography.

Determinants of high-risk sexual behaviour and condom use among adults in the Arusha region, Tanzania

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kagoma S. Mnyika ◽  
Knut-Inge Klepp ◽  
Gunnar Kvale ◽  
Naphtal Ole-King'Ori
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Early Sexual Debut ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Arusha Region

Summary: Determinants of multiple sexual partners and condom use among adults were assessed through a population-based survey in one urban, one semi-urban and one rural community in the Arusha region, northern Tanzania. The study samples were obtained by randomly selecting clusters of 10 households from the 3 communities. Informed verbal consent was sought from each respondent for participation in the study. High-risk sexual behaviours and condom use were assessed using a structured questionnaire. It was observed that significantly more men than women reported having multiple sexual partners (49% vs 25.2%; OR=1.69; 95% CI=1.51-1.90) and urban men were significantly more likely to report having multiple sexual partners than men in rural areas. In both men and women, early sexual debut was associated with having multiple sexual partners while travel, alcohol use, and sex under the influence of alcohol were significantly associated with multiple sexual partners in men only. AIDS-related discussion was significantly associated with having fewer sexual partners in both men and women. Of the 1551 respondents, 320 (20.6%) reported having ever used a condom and of the 320 respondents who had ever used a condom, 34 (10.6%) reported having used it at the last sexual intercourse. Significantly more men than women reported having ever used a condom (34.1% vs 14.1%; OR=1.77; 95% CI=1.56-2.01). In both men and women, early sexual debut and being young, unmarried, travelling out of the Arusha region and having multiple sexual partners were associated with increased condom use. For both men and women, frequent discussion of AIDS with family members or friends was associated with increased condom use. These data suggest that interventions targeting adolescents and young adults may be effective for control of HIV transmission in Tanzania. In particular, creation of opportunities for people to come together and discuss AIDS might be an important strategy.

scholarly journals Low program access despite high burden of sexual, structural, and reproductive health vulnerabilities among young women who sell sex in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Roberts ◽  
Huiting Ma ◽  
Parinita Bhattacharjee ◽  
Helgar K Musyoki ◽  
Peter Gichangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Inconsistent Condom ◽  
National Framework ◽  
Inconsistent Condom Use

Abstract Background: Across Sub-Saharan Africa, young women who sell sex (YSW) face institutional barriers in accessing sexual health and HIV prevention programs designed for female sex workers. In 2018, Kenya developed a national framework to guide service provision for YSW aged 14 – 24 years. To help inform the implementation of the framework, we estimated the burden of vulnerabilities related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and program contact among YSW. Methods: We used data from Transitions, a 2015 bio-behavioural cross-sectional survey of 408 YSW aged 14 – 24 years in Mombasa, Kenya. We estimated the prevalence of sexual (inconsistent condom use), structural (financial, violence), and reproductive health vulnerabilities; and characterized engagement with local HIV programs tailored to sex workers. We then compared the prevalence of vulnerabilities by age group (14 – 18 years, N=117; 19 – 24 years, N=291) and by program contact (ever contacted by local program for sex workers). Results: 47.3% reported inconsistent condom use in the previous week with little variability by age. Structural vulnerabilities were common and did not vary by age: 83.6% did not have a regular source of income; 29.9% and 29.2% had experienced physical and sexual violence, respectively. 26.5% reported at least one pregnancy before age 18, and 18.5% used a non-reliable form of contraception with little variability by age. 25.7% were aware of at least one program, and only 13.7% of YSW had ever been contacted by a program (8.5% of those aged 14 – 18 years; and 15.8% of those aged 19 – 24 years, p=0.06). Sexual, structural, and reproductive health vulnerabilities did not vary by program contact. Conclusions: SDG-related vulnerabilities begin early in the lives of YSW and current programs are not reaching them. Kenya’s 2018 national framework for YSW service provision offers an opportunity - via a pragmatic and rights-based paradigm shift in health services - to reduce vulnerabilities at the intersection of adolescence and sex work.

scholarly journals Low program access despite high burden of sexual, structural, and reproductive health vulnerabilities among young women who sell sex in Mombasa, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Roberts ◽  
Huiting Ma ◽  
Parinita Bhattacharjee ◽  
Helgar K Musyoki ◽  
Peter Gichangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Inconsistent Condom ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Inconsistent Condom Use

Abstract Background: Across Sub-Saharan Africa, young women who sell sex (YSW) face institutional barriers in accessing sexual health and HIV prevention programs designed for female sex workers. In 2018, Kenya developed a national framework to guide service provision for YSW aged 14 – 24 years. To help inform the implementation of the framework, we estimated the burden of vulnerabilities related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs related to health and gender equality) and program contact among YSW. Methods: We used data from Transitions, a 2015 bio-behavioural cross-sectional survey of 408 YSW aged 14 – 24 years in Mombasa, Kenya. We estimated the prevalence of sexual (inconsistent condom use), structural (financial, violence), and reproductive health vulnerabilities; and characterized engagement with local HIV programs tailored to sex workers. We then compared the prevalence of vulnerabilities by age group (14 – 18 years, N=117; 19 – 24 years, N=291) and by program contact (ever contacted by local program for sex workers). Results: 47.3% reported inconsistent condom use with any partner in the previous week (no difference by age-group, p=1.00) . Structural vulnerabilities were common and did not vary by age: 83.6% did not have a regular source of income; 29.9% and 29.2% had experienced physical and sexual violence, respectively. 26.5% reported at least one pregnancy before age 18, and 18.5% used a non-reliable form of contraception with little variability by age. 25.7% were aware of at least one program, and only 13.7% of YSW had ever been contacted by a program (8.5% of those aged 14 – 18 years; and 15.8% of those aged 19 – 24 years, p=0.06). Sexual, structural, and reproductive health vulnerabilities did not vary by program contact. Conclusions: SDG-related vulnerabilities begin early in the lives of YSW who are not currently reached by programs designed for female sex workers.

scholarly journals Hopelessness and Sexual Risk Behavior Among Adolescent African American Males in a Low-Income Urban Community

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Kagan ◽  
Julianna Deardorff ◽  
Jacqueline McCright ◽  
Marguerita Lightfoot ◽  
Maureen Lahiff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Sexual Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Inconsistent Condom ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Inconsistent Condom Use

African American youth bear a disproportionate burden of sexually transmitted infections. Environmental stressors may lead to increased hopelessness, which in turn can lead to increases in risk-taking behavior. This study explored the hypothesis that as hopelessness increases, sexual risk behavior will increase—specifically, inconsistent condom use and increased number of sex partners. In 2010, 108 African American men 15 to 24 years old responded to sexual behavior questions and Beck’s Hopelessness Scale. The associations between hopelessness and sexual risk behaviors were evaluated with multivariate logistic regression. Increased hopelessness was associated with increased inconsistent condom use with non-main sexual partners (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.3-4.0). There was no association between hopelessness and condom use with a main partner or sex with more than one partner in the past 3 months. These findings imply that hopelessness may encourage sexual risk-taking behavior in young males.

scholarly journals Correlates of inconsistent condom use and drug use among men having sex with men in Poland: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 894-902
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Piersiala ◽  
Joanna Krajewski ◽  
Daniela Dadej ◽  
Anna Loroch ◽  
Witold Czerniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Inconsistent Condom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sti Prevention ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Inconsistent Condom Use

The number of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses is rising in many parts of Europe. We sought to evaluate the rising prevalence of new HIV diagnoses in Poland, where the majority of newly-diagnosed HIV cases are men having sex with men (MSM). This study aims to measure the prevalence of condom use and drug use and to identify risk factors for contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among MSM in Poland by distributing an anonymous online survey aimed toward MSM. Among the 1438 participants who completed valid surveys, those with low education level and greater than 100 prior sexual partners showed the highest odds for inconsistent condom use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.027, 2.044, respectively). Participants who identified themselves as heterosexuals, with multiple sexual partners and living in big cities showed the highest odds for drug use (aOR 4.869, 3.305, 1.720, respectively). This study identifies groups at the highest risk of HIV/STIs and provides valuable information for public health experts to develop targeted STI prevention campaigns.

scholarly journals Retrospective analysis of the prevalence of and factors associated with condom use among young HIV-infected women in Cameroon

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 205031211562643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariecel Pilapil ◽  
Lee Morris ◽  
Kohta Saito ◽  
Francine Kouya ◽  
Vivian Maku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Inconsistent Condom ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Inconsistent Condom Use

Objectives: Young women are more likely to be infected with HIV globally, in sub-Saharan Africa, and in Cameroon. Despite its clear clinical and public health benefits, condom use among HIV-infected women continues to be low. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of inconsistent condom use among HIV-infected women in Cameroon and the factors associated with it. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of HIV-infected young women aged 17–26 years from three semi-urban HIV clinics in the Northwest Region of Cameroon. This study was a subgroup analysis of a previously reported study on inconsistent condom use in HIV-infected and -uninfected youth. Inconsistent condom use was defined as reporting “sometimes” or “never” to questions regarding frequency of condom use. Logistic regression modeling was used to determine factors associated with inconsistent condom use. Results: A total of 84 participants were recruited and submitted completed questionnaires for analysis. Median age was 24 years (interquartile range = 22–25) and the median age at HIV diagnosis was 21 years (interquartile range = 20–23). Fifty percent of the participants reported no prior schooling or only primary school education. Overall, 61/84 (73%) reported inconsistent condom use. After adjusting for potential confounders, education to the secondary school level was protective against inconsistent condom use (odds ratio = 0.19; confidence interval: 0.04–0.95), and having ≥2 pregnancies was associated with inconsistent condom use (odds ratio = 7.52; confidence interval: 1.67–34.00). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of inconsistent condom use among young HIV-infected women in Cameroon, which appears to be associated with lower levels of educational attainment and higher parity. Further larger studies assessing the factors associated with poor condom use in this population are warranted and may inform public health policy in resource-limited settings with high HIV prevalence.

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