scholarly journals Enteric viral infections as potential risk factors for intussusception

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 028-035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel M Mansour ◽  
Montasser El Koutby ◽  
Mohamed M El Barbary ◽  
Wissam Mohamed ◽  
Sameh Shehata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender

Introduction:  We aimed to identify potential risk factors for intussusception (ISS) among children presenting to two pediatric hospitals in Egypt. Methodology: In this case-control study,  enrolled children < 3 years old with ISS (confirmed radiologically and/or surgically) were  matched by age and gender to controls admitted with acute non-abdominal surgical illnesses. Stool samples were collected and tested for various enteric bacteria, rotavirus, enteric adenoviruses (EA, 40 and 41) and astroviruses using commercially available ELISA diagnostic kits. Results: From December 2004 to May 2009, 158 cases and 425 matched controls were enrolled. A history of diarrhoea and cough over the preceding four weeks of interview were more common in cases than controls, respectively. Children with mothers who had secondary education and above were 2.2 times more likely to have ISS than those whose mothers had a lower level of education. In spite of the low detection rate of EA infection (regardless of diarrhoea history) and asymptomatic rotavirus infection, they were detected in higher frequencies in cases than controls; however, infection with astrovirus and bacterial pathogens did not appear to be associated with increased risk of ISS. Conclusions: History of diarrhoea and cough over the four weeks preceding the study and maternal education above secondary level were potential risk factors for ISS. EA and asymptomatic rotavirus infection were detected in higher frequencies among cases than controls; however, association with ISS cannot be confirmed. Additional research is needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the pathogenesis which may link such infections with ISS.

scholarly journals Characterization of Equine Parvovirus in Thoroughbred Breeding Horses from Germany

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meister ◽  
Tegtmeyer ◽  
Brüggemann ◽  
Sieme ◽  
Feige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Thoroughbred Horses ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Breeding History ◽  
Transportation History

An equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) has been recently identified in association with equine serum hepatitis, also known as Theiler’s disease. The disease was first described by Arnold Theiler in 1918 and is often observed with parenteral use of blood products in equines. However, natural ways of viral circulation and potential risk factors for transmission still remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of EqPV-H infections in Thoroughbred horses in northern and western Germany and aimed to identify potential risk factors associated with viral infections. A total of 392 Thoroughbreds broodmares and stallions were evaluated cross-sectionally for the presence of anti-EqPV-H antibodies and EqPV-H DNA using a luciferase immunoprecipitation assay (LIPS) and a quantitative PCR, respectively. In addition, data regarding age, stud farm, breeding history, and international transportation history of each horse were collected and analysed. An occurrence of 7% EqPV-H DNA positive and 35% seropositive horses was observed in this study cohort. The systematic analysis of risk factors revealed that age, especially in the group of 11–15-year-old horses, and breeding history were potential risk factors that can influence the rate of EqPV-H infections. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis showed a high similarity on nucleotide level within the sequenced Thoroughbred samples. In conclusion, this study demonstrates circulating EqPV-H infections in Thoroughbred horses from central Europe and revealed age and breeding history as risk factors for EqPV-H infections.

scholarly journals Correlation between Potential Risk Factors and Pulmonary Embolism in Sarcoidosis Patients Timely Treated

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2462
Author(s):  
Barbara Ruaro ◽  
Paola Confalonieri ◽  
Mario Santagiuliana ◽  
Barbara Wade ◽  
Elisa Baratella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibody ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Background. Some studies with inconclusive results have reported a link between sarcoidosis and an increased risk of pulmonary embolism (PE). This study aimed at assessing a possible correlation between potential risk factors and PE in sarcoidosis patients. Methods. A total of 256 sarcoidosis patients (84 males and 172 females; mean age at diagnosis 49 ± 13) were enrolled after giving written informed consent. Clinical evaluations, laboratory and radiology tests were performed to evaluate the presence of pulmonary embolism. Results. Fifteen sarcoidosis patients with PE (4 males and 11 females; mean age at diagnosis 50 ± 11), diagnosed by lung scintigraphy and 241 sarcoidosis patients without PE (80 males and 161 females; mean age at diagnosis 47 ± 13), were observed. There was a statistically significant increase of the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in the sarcoidosis group with pulmonary embolism. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups as to smoking habit, obesity or hereditary thrombophilia frequency (p > 0.05, respectively). Conclusions. This study demonstrates a significant correlation between the presence of antiphospholipid antibody positivity and the pulmonary embolism events in our sarcoidosis patients. Furthermore, we propose screening for these antibodies and monitoring, aimed at timely treatment.

scholarly journals P626 SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S564-S564
Author(s):  
S García Mateo ◽  
S J Martínez-Domínguez ◽  
M C Aso Gonzalvo ◽  
C J Gargallo-Puyuelo ◽  
B Gallego Llera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Biologic Agents ◽  
World Health ◽  
Indeterminate Colitis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) suffer from a chronic illness and many of them need immunosuppressive therapy throughout the course of the disease. Consequently, COVID-19 pandemic has caused uncertainty about the possible increased risk of suffering SARS-CoV-2 infection that could confer IBD or its treatments. The aim of this study is to assess SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in patients with IBD as well as the existence of potential risk factors for its development. Methods This is a unicentric cross-sectional study developed in IBD unit of University Hospital “Lozano Blesa” of Zaragoza. Patients older than 18 years with established diagnosis of Crohn′s Disease (CD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC) or Indeterminate Colitis (IC) have been included. A blood sample has been drawn from each patient to detect IgG against SARS-CoV-2 (ELISA method) and each patient has completed a questionnaire to know symptoms related to infection and previous comorbidity. We have performed a descriptive analysis and a univariate analysis to study relationship between potential risk factors and seroconversion against SARS-CoV-2. Results 431 patients have been included, with a mean age of 50.2 ± 14.1 years and a 51.3% of women. Of them, 49.7% suffer from UC, 49.2% CD and 1.2% IC. Related to the treatment, 23.5% receive anti-TNF biologic agents, 13.1% other kind of biologic agents, 9.3% immunomodulators, 7.7% combined treatment (biologic agent and immunomodulator), 33.1% other treatment and 13.3% no treatment. According to World Health Organization (WHO) definitions, 85.6% had not suffered the infection, 7.7% were confirmed cases (only 3 admitted patients) and 6.7% were probable cases. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 obtained is 8.8%, being significantly higher among confirmed cases than among probable cases (71.0% in confirmed vs 6.9% in probable; RR 10.3; p&lt;0.001). A higher risk of seroconversion has been detected among patients without biologic agents (11.8% in patients without biologic agents vs 5.3% in patients with biologic agents; RR 2.2; p=0.021). No differences have been observed in the seroprevalence of patients with other treatments for IBD or in terms of age, active smoking, level of inflammation markers, the presence of symptoms of infection or hospital admission. Conclusion The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 of Aragon′s patients with IBD is similar to that described in national seroprevalence study of Ministry of Health for the region (8.8%). The treatment with biologic agents is associated with a lower risk of seroconversion

scholarly journals RhD Immunization Despite Adequate Immunoprophylaxis: Role of Fc Gamma Receptor Gene Polymorphisms

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 759-759
Author(s):  
Tamara C Stegmann ◽  
Sietse Q Nagelkerke ◽  
Dian van Winkelhorst ◽  
Taco W Kuijpers ◽  
Gestur Vidarsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Caesarian Section ◽  
Red Blood Cell Transfusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Introduction: One of the most effective immunological interventions in clinical medicine is the prevention of hemolytic disease of the newborn by prophylactic Rh immune globulin (Rh-Ig) therapy. The administration of ante- and postnatal Rh-Ig has reduced the risk of RhD immunization in the Netherlands from 17% to a mere 0.31%, yet its mechanism of action is still unknown. To gain more insight into the possible working mechanism of the Rh-Ig prophylaxis we analyzed potential risk factors and genotyped all known IgG-Fc receptor (protein FcγR, gene FCGR) variants known to date, on a cohort of Dutch women who failed Rh-Ig prophylaxis and developed anti-D antibodies. Adequate Rh-Ig immunoprophylaxis was defined as an antenatal and postnatal prophylaxis of 1,000 IU (200 µg) in both current and previous pregnancies, according to the Dutch guidelines. Material and Methods: Between 1999 and 2013 we identified 274 women who produced anti-D antibodies. Through a structured questionnaire we collected information about Rh-Ig prophylaxis and additional clinical data for potential risk factors. In 122 cases, adequate Rh-Ig prophylaxis was given, and clinical risk factors for fetal maternal hemorrhage (FMH) could be collected. Their clinical circumstances were compared to a control group of 339 randomly selected pregnant women. The Rh-Ig therapy failure of 57 of those women could not be explained through our risk factor analysis. From these 57 cases, DNA was obtained, and used for the FcγR-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay, identifying both single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variations in the FCGR locus. The results were compared to a control group of 200 healthy donors. Results: A history of red blood cell transfusion (p=0.05) and caesarean section (p<0.0001) were identified to be independent risk factors for RhD immunization. All other described risk factors for FMH such as miscarriage, termination of pregnancy, or invasive diagnostic procedures, requiring an additional Rh-Ig dose according to the guidelines, were not found to increase the risk of immunoprophylaxis failure. RhD-immunization due to caesarian section or red blood cell transfusion accounted for 53% of our cohort, suggesting an alternative explanation for the production of Rh-Ig alloantibodies in the remaining 47% of the cases - despite adequate amount of prophylaxis given in current and previous pregnancies. We therefore postulate the existence of a genetic variation that puts women at increased risk for RhD immunization during pregnancy. To test this hypothesis we analyzed the genetic variation in the FCGR locus and found a significantly (p=0.02) increased prevalence of the FCGR2 -ORF, expressing a functional copy of the activating FcγRIIc, which is otherwise a pseudogene. Strikingly, the prevalence of the 2B.4-promotor haplotype of the FCGR2B gene, associated with a 1.5 fold increase of the inhibitory FcγRIIb, was strongly (p=0.0001) increased. Conclusion: Caesarian section and red blood cell transfusion are risk factors that increase RhD immunization during pregnancies, accounting for about half failed Rh-Ig prophylactic cases. Genetic variation in the FCGR-gene might be a possible explanation for increased immunization risk. In our cohort we encountered a significantly increased frequency of individuals expressing FcγRIIc, along with a polymorphism encoding for a higher expression of the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIb, suggesting these genes to influence immune responses to RBC in a manner previously unrecognized. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Increase in the Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio relates to Injury Risk in Competitive Runners

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talko Bernhard Dijkhuis ◽  
Ruby Otter ◽  
Marco Aiello ◽  
Hugo Velthuijsen ◽  
Koen Lemmink
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Daily Training

AbstractInjuries of runners reduce the ability to train and hinder competing. Literature shows that the relation between potential risk factors and injuries are not definitive, limited, and inconsistent. In team sports, workload derivatives were identified as risk factors. However, there is an absence of literature in running on workload derivatives. This study used the workload derivatives acute workload, chronic workload, and acute: chronic workload ratios to investigate the relation between workload and injury risk in running. Twenty-three competitive runners kept a daily training log for 24 months. The runners reported training duration, training intensity and injuries. One-week (acute) and 4-week (chronic) workloads were calculated as the average of training duration multiplied by training intensity. The acute:chronic workload ratio was determined dividing the acute and chronic workloads. Results show that a fortnightly low increase of the acute:chronic workload ratio (0.10–0.78) led to an increased risk of sustaining an injury (p<0.001). Besides, a low increase of the acute:chronic workload ratio (0.05–0.62) between the second week and third week before an injury showed an association with increased injury risk (p=0.013). These findings demonstrate that the acute:chronic workload ratio relates to injury risk.

scholarly journals Surveillance of COVID-19 in the General Population Using an Online Questionnaire: Report From 18,161 Respondents in China

10.2196/18576 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e18576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxing Luo ◽  
Yongchan Lie ◽  
Frits W Prinzen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of

Background The recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become an international pandemic. So far, little is known about the role of an internet approach in COVID-19 participatory surveillance. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate whether an online survey can provide population-level information for observing prevalence trends during the early phase of an outbreak and identifying potential risk factors of COVID-19 infection. Methods A 10-item online questionnaire was developed according to medical guidelines and relevant publications. It was distributed between January 24 and February 17, 2020. The characteristics of respondents and temporal changes of various questionnaire-derived indicators were analyzed. Results A total of 18,161 questionnaires were returned, including 6.45% (n=1171) from Wuhan City. Geographical distributions of the respondents were consistent with the population per province (R2=0.61, P<.001). History of contact significantly decreased with time, both outside Wuhan City (R2=0.35, P=.002) and outside Hubei Province (R2=0.42, P<.001). The percentage of respondents reporting a fever peaked around February 8 (R2=0.57, P<.001) and increased with a history of contact in the areas outside Wuhan City (risk ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.13-1.52, P<.001). Male sex, advanced age, and lung diseases were associated with a higher risk of fever in the general population with a history of contact. Conclusions This study shows the usefulness of an online questionnaire for the surveillance of outbreaks like COVID-19 by providing information about trends of the disease and aiding the identification of potential risk factors.

Risk Factors for the Development of an Incisional Hernia after Sigmoid Resection for Diverticulitis: An Analysis of 33 Patient, Operative and Disease-associated Factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara M. Connelly ◽  
Rafel Tappouni ◽  
Paul Mathew ◽  
Javier Salgado ◽  
Evangelos Messaris
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Incisional Hernia ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Sigmoid Resection ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of

Incisional hernia (IH) is a relatively common sequelae of sigmoidectomy for diverticulitis. The aim of this study was to investigate factors that may predict IH in diverticulitis patients. Two hundred and one diverticulitis patients undergoing sigmoidectomy between January 2002 and December 2012 were identified (mean follow-up 5.15 ± 2.33 years). Patients with wound infections were excluded. Thirteen patient-associated, three diverticular disease-related, and 17 operative variables were evaluated in patients with and without IH. Volumetric fat was measured on pre-operative CTs. Fischer's exact, χ2, and Mann–Whitney tests and multivariate regression analysis were used for statistics. Thirty-four (17%) patients had an IH. On multivariate analysis, wound packing (OR 3.4, P = 0.017), postoperative nonwound infection (OR 7.4, P = 0.014), and previous hernia (OR 3.6, P = 0.005) were as independent predictors of IH. Fifteen of 34 (44%) patients who developed a hernia had a history of prior hernia. Of 33 potential risk factors analyzed, including smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and obesity, the only patient factor present preoperatively associated with increased risk of a postsigmoidectomy hernia after multivariate analysis was a history of a previous hernia. Preoperative identification of patients with a history of hernia offers the opportunity to employ measures to decrease the likelihood of IH.

scholarly journals Common versus psychopathology-specific risk factors for psychotic experiences and depression during adolescence

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 2557-2566 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kounali ◽  
S. Zammit ◽  
N. Wiles ◽  
S. Sullivan ◽  
M. Cannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of

BackgroundAn argument often used to support the view that psychotic experiences (PEs) in general population samples are a valid phenotype for studying the aetiology of schizophrenia is that risk factors for schizophrenia show similar patterns of association with PEs. However, PEs often co-occur with depression, and no study has explicitly tested whether risk factors for schizophrenia are shared between PEs and depression, or are psychopathology specific, while jointly modelling both outcomes.MethodWe used data from 7030 subjects from a birth cohort study. Depression and PEs at age 18 years were assessed using self-report questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. We compared the extent to which risk factors for schizophrenia across sociodemographic, familial, neurodevelopmental, stress–adversity, emotional–behavioural and substance use domains showed different associations with PEs and depression within bivariate models that allowed for their correlation.ResultsMost of the exposures examined were associated, to a similar degree, with an increased risk of both outcomes. However, whereas female sex and family history of depression showed some discrimination as potential risk factors for depression and PEs, with stronger associations in the former, markers of abnormal neurodevelopment showed stronger associations with PEs.ConclusionsThe argument that PEs are valid markers for studying the aetiology of schizophrenia, made simply on the basis that they share risk factors in common, is not well supported. PEs seem to be a weak index of genetic and environmental risk for schizophrenia; however, studies disentangling aetiological pathways to PEs from those impacting upon co-morbid psychopathology might provide important insights into the aetiology of psychotic disorders.

scholarly journals Smoking and alcohol as potential risk factors for changes on masticatory mucosae

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Dubravka Markovic ◽  
Nada Vuckovic ◽  
Bojana Jefic ◽  
Ljiljana Strajnic ◽  
Sinisa Mirkovic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Alveolar Ridge ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender

It is assumed that before there are clinically verified signs of irritation, risk factors can cause changes on tissue, which was the subject of our research. The aim of this study was to establish how much ciggarete smoking, alcohol drinking and gender exerted influence on pathohistological changes on clinically healthy masticatory mucosae. Our results were based on anamnestic answers and pathohistological examination of biopsies from edentulous alveolar ridge of clinically healthy masticator mucosae. The sample consisted of 40 patients, of bouth gender. Conclusions are that smokers have, 25% more chance of having pathohistologicaly verified hyperceratosis on masticatory mucosae than nonsmokers. There are no significant differences between sex in correlation with pathohistologicaly verified changes on masticatory mucosae which are caused by smoking. Persons who consume alcohol have a greater chance of having pathohistologicaly verified changes on masticatory mucosae. Persons who smoke ciggaretes and consume alcohol drinks are most likely, 50% and more, to have pathohistologicaly verified hyperceratosis on masticatory mucosae.

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