scholarly journals A comparative study between a single-dose and 24-hour multiple-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for elective hysterectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1306-1313
Author(s):  
Khalid Mohammed Akkour ◽  
Maria Abdulrahim Arafah ◽  
Mais Mohammed Alhulwah ◽  
Rana Saeed Badaghish ◽  
Hani Abdulmohsen Alhalal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Prophylactic Regimen ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Introduction: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a major health issue in surgical specialties in terms of health care costs and patients’ clinical outcomes. At the level of the patient, prolonged hospital stays or readmissions for SSIs, can affect the patient’s quality of life. At the level of the health care system, it exhausts the hospital’s resources and increases the burden on the medical staff due to the need for continuous wound care, microbiological cultures, laboratory tests and medications. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of two antibiotic prophylaxis regimens for the prevention of SSIs in patients undergoing elective hysterectomy surgeries. Methodology: A retrospective cohort, analyzing 141 patients, was conducted between November 2016 and January 2019 at a university hospital. We compared the efficacy of a single dose vs. 24-hour multiple doses of Cefazolin in patients who underwent elective hysterectomy for benign or malignant indications. The secondary objective was to identify potential risk factors associated with SSIs. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between both groups (p = 0.872). Obesity and a laparotomy surgical approach are risk factors to the development of SSIs (p = 0.001 and 0.014, respectively). Other potential risk factors include the duration of hospital stay, the duration of the surgery and the amount of blood loss. Conclusions: Although the rate of SSIs is not significantly different between both groups, risk stratification can be done after screening patients and the prophylactic regimen must be tailored for each patient in a cost-effective manner and using a multidisciplinary approach.

scholarly journals Correlation between Potential Risk Factors and Pulmonary Embolism in Sarcoidosis Patients Timely Treated

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2462
Author(s):  
Barbara Ruaro ◽  
Paola Confalonieri ◽  
Mario Santagiuliana ◽  
Barbara Wade ◽  
Elisa Baratella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibody ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Background. Some studies with inconclusive results have reported a link between sarcoidosis and an increased risk of pulmonary embolism (PE). This study aimed at assessing a possible correlation between potential risk factors and PE in sarcoidosis patients. Methods. A total of 256 sarcoidosis patients (84 males and 172 females; mean age at diagnosis 49 ± 13) were enrolled after giving written informed consent. Clinical evaluations, laboratory and radiology tests were performed to evaluate the presence of pulmonary embolism. Results. Fifteen sarcoidosis patients with PE (4 males and 11 females; mean age at diagnosis 50 ± 11), diagnosed by lung scintigraphy and 241 sarcoidosis patients without PE (80 males and 161 females; mean age at diagnosis 47 ± 13), were observed. There was a statistically significant increase of the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in the sarcoidosis group with pulmonary embolism. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups as to smoking habit, obesity or hereditary thrombophilia frequency (p > 0.05, respectively). Conclusions. This study demonstrates a significant correlation between the presence of antiphospholipid antibody positivity and the pulmonary embolism events in our sarcoidosis patients. Furthermore, we propose screening for these antibodies and monitoring, aimed at timely treatment.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of infectious bursal disease and its potential risk factors in backyard chicken production of Waliso district, South Western Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Chala Bedasa ◽  
◽  
Ararsa Duguma ◽  
Asamenew Tesfaye ◽  
Tadele Tolosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Backyard Chicken

A cross sectional study on infectious bursal disease was conducted in apparently healthy backyard chicken at Waliso district of Southwestern Shoa, central oromia, Ethiopia from from November, 2018 to October, 2019. A total of 282 chickens were randomly selected to estimate seroprevalence of IBD infection and to identify the likely potential risk factors for the disease. Serum samples collected and serological test conducted in laboratory at National Animal Health Diagnosis and Investigation Center Sebeta, Ethopia. Out of 282 serum samples tested 224 were positive for indirect ELISA technique and the overall seroprevalence of IBDV in the study area was found to be 79.43% at individual level. Educational level of owners, kebeles and flock size significantly affect seroprevalence of IBD in the study area. The effect of difference in managements like source of replacement, frequency of house cleaning, use of disinfectant and isolation practice has a significant effect on IBDV sero-prevalence. A lower seroprevalence of IBDV was reported in good hygienic level of house (26.7%) than poor level of chicken house hygiene (96.4%) with statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The seroprevalence of IBDV in the present study associated with chicken management, flock size, owner education level and other animal related risk factors for occurrence of the disease. Therefore, awareness on chicken health management, and importance of immunization would help to minimize the prevalence of the disease and play crucial role in the control of the disease. Furthermore, characterizing virus strains circulating in the area in future study is recommended.

Risk factors for gastrointestinal perforations in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving bevacizumab plus chemotherapy

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3535-3535 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sugrue ◽  
M. Kozloff ◽  
J. Hainsworth ◽  
S. Badarinath ◽  
A. Cohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Large Community ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

3535 Background: Bevacizumab (BV) prolongs overall survival and progression-free survival when added to standard chemotherapy in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). BRiTE is a large, community-based observational registry of pts with mCRC receiving BV plus first-line chemotherapy (CT). Incidence rate, temporal pattern, and potential risk factors associated with gastrointestinal perforation (GIP) were explored. Methods: Baseline patient characteristics (BC), including prospectively identified potential risk factors for GIP, were collected at study entry. Safety data were collected every 3 months (mo). Logistic regression models, adjusted and unadjusted for treatment assignment, were used to identify BC potentially associated with GIP. Results: 1968 pts were enrolled between Feb 2004 and Jun 2005. Median study follow-up was 10 mo as of Nov 4, 2005. GIPs were observed in 34 pts (1.7%). For pts with GIP, median time to first event was 2.1 mo; the majority of events were non-fatal and occurred within the first 3 mo after starting BV. BC including GI medical history (chronic aspirin or NSAID use, peptic ulcer disease, diverticulosis) were similar in pts with or without GIP and with earlier or later GIP onset (≤ or >3 mo from start of BV). Although adjusted models did not show any significant BC, GIP rates were numerically higher in pts with primary tumor intact (2.6%) vs. resected (1.6%). Furthermore, univariate analyses revealed a significant difference between intact (2.3%) and resected (0.8%) primary tumor for earlier GIP (≤3 mo from start of BV). The majority of pts with GIP had at least one of the following: acute diverticulitis, intra-abdominal abscess, gastrointestinal obstruction, tumor at GIP site, abdominal carcinomatosis, prior abdominal or pelvic radiation therapy. Conclusions: Preliminary analyses indicate the incidence of GIP in this large, community-based observational registry is similar to that previously reported in phase III mCRC trials with BV. No associations between specific BCs and an increased risk of GIP were identified. Patients with primary tumor intact were more likely to incur a GIP within the first 3 mo of starting BV and CT. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Prevalence of and risk factors for feline hyperthyroidism in Hong Kong

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia S. De Wet ◽  
Carmel T. Mooney ◽  
Peter N. Thompson ◽  
Johan P. Schoeman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Total Thyroxine ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Specific Association

A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of and potential risk factors for feline hyperthyroidism in Hong Kong. Serum total thyroxine (T4) was measured in 305 cats aged 10 years and older that presented at various veterinary clinics in Hong Kong. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism (T4>50 nmol/l) within this population was 3.93% and there was no significant difference in prevalence between healthy (3.16%) and sick (4.37%) cats. Older cats (>15 years) were more likely to be affected and domestic shorthair cats were less likely to be diagnosed with hyperthyroidism than the other breeds combined. No specific association between the development of feline hyperthyroidism and food type was observed. The prevalence of feline hyperthyroidism in Hong Kong was less than that reported for most other parts of the world, despite the presence of previously identified risk factors.

Prevalence and potential risk factors for gastrointestinal parasitic infections in children in urban Bissau, Guinea-Bissau

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 545-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian von Huth ◽  
Poul-Erik Kofoed ◽  
Uffe Holmskov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Health Care Seeking ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
Background Population ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical countries. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of GI parasitic infections in children from Bissau, Guinea-Bissau and to identify the possible risk factors for these infections. Methods We performed an observational study on two comparable cohorts of children 2–15 y of age: one study covering health care–seeking children (n=748) and one study covering children from the background population (n=851). A total of 1274 faecal samples from the two cohorts were investigated for parasites by microscopy and the risk factors for infection were identified by logistic regression. Results Intestinal parasitic infections were found in 54.8% of health care–seeking children and 55.5% of children from the background population. Helminth infections were more common among health care–seeking children and were mainly due to hookworms. Pathogenic protozoa included Entamoeba histolytica/dispar and Giardia lamblia. The risk factors for infections included increasing age, household crowding and poor sanitation and water supply. Conclusions We found a high prevalence of intestinal parasites among both health care–seeking children and children from the background population. Compared with previous studies, we found a decreasing prevalence of intestinal helminths. This study further identifies potential risk factors for infections, including inadequate sanitation and water supply.

Critical Care: Incidence and Risk Factors of Thrombocytopenia in Critically Ill Trauma Patients

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D Hanes ◽  
Deborah A Quarles ◽  
Bradley A Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Icu Stay ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Trauma Score ◽  
Type Of Injury

Objective To determine the incidence of thrombocytopenia (<100 platelets × 103/mm3) and potential risk factors, including medications, associated with the development of thrombocytopenia in critically ill trauma patients. Design Prospective, observational study. Setting A 20-bed trauma intensive care unit (ICU) at a university hospital. Patients Sixty-three critically ill trauma patients without baseline thrombocytopenia admitted to the trauma ICU for at least 48 hours. Interventions Patients were followed for up to 14 days. Platelet counts were determined daily. The following data were collected and analyzed as potential risk factors for the development of thrombocytopenia: medications, age, sex, race, trauma score, mode and type of injury, alcohol history, units of packed red blood cells (PRBC) and platelets transfused, surgical procedures, duration of ICU stay, and the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome or disseminated intravascular coagulation. Results Thrombocytopenia occurred in 26 (41%) of the patients. Among risk factors studied, nonhead injury, age, trauma score, duration of ICU stay, and the number of PRBC transfusions were significanüy associated with the development of thrombocytopenia (P < 0.05). However, nonhead injury, age, and trauma score were useful variables in predicting the development of thrombocytopenia by using multivariate analysis. Medications were not associated with the development of thrombocytopenia. Conclusions The type of injury sustained, the quantity of platelet-deficient transfusions, and age are the greatest risk factors associated with the development of thrombocytopenia in critically ill trauma patients. Drug-induced thrombocytopenia appears to play a minor role in the development of thrombocytopenia; therefore, medications should not be automatically discontinued or substituted when thrombocytopenia occurs.

The Crossroads of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Physician Burnout: A National Review of United States Trauma and Nontrauma Surgeons

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa N. Jackson ◽  
Jake P. Morgan ◽  
Diane L. Jackson ◽  
Taylor R. Cook ◽  
Kevin McLean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Physician Burnout ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among trauma surgeons is three times that of the general population, and physician burnout (PBO) among surgeons is rising. Given that PTSD and PBO are both stress-based syndromes, we aim to identify the prevalence and risk factors for PTSD among trauma and nontrauma surgeons, and determine if a relationship exists. A cross-sectional survey of surgeons was conducted between September 2016 and May 2017. Respondents were screened for PTSD and PBO. Traumatic stressors were identified, and 20 potential risk factors were assessed. The respondents (n = 1026) were grouped into trauma (n = 350) and nontrauma (n = 676). Between the cohorts, there was no significant difference in prevalence of screening positive for PTSD (17% vs 15%) or PBO (30% vs 25%). A relationship was found between PTSD and PBO (P < 0.001). The most common traumatic stressor was overwhelming work responsibilities. Potential risk factors for PTSD differed, but overlapping risk factors included hospital culture, hospital support, and salary (P < 0.05). Our findings of an association between PTSD and PBO is concerning. Interventions to reduce rates of PTSD should target changing the existing culture of surgery, improving hospital support, and ensuring equitable pay.

scholarly journals Haemodynamic analysis of adult patients with moyamoya disease: CT perfusion and DSA gradings

2020 ◽  
pp. svn-2019-000317
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Shi ◽  
Guofeng Ma ◽  
Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Ct Perfusion ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Arterial Stenosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

ObjectMoyamoya disease (MMD) is a common and chronic progressive stenotic-occlusive cerebrovascular disease in Eastern Asia. To evaluate the hemispheric haemodynamic status of adult patients with MMD, we explored the potential risk factors of hemispheric perfusion alterations with CT perfusion (CTP) and DSA.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 44 male and 44 female (176 hemispheres) adult patients with MMD who had both DSA and CTP. Data on cerebral blood perfusion (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transmit time (MTT), time to peak (TTP) of cerebral hemisphere and cerebellum were gathered and difference of relative haemodynamic parameters between different subgroups were assessed with independent sample t analysis, one-way analysis of variance and general linear regression analysis.ResultsParameters in regional CBF (rCBF) of frontal, temporal lobe and basal ganglia in female was more superior than male. rCBF, regional MTT (rMTT) and regional TTP (rTTP) in adult MMD patients with haemorrhage were superior than the ischaemic. With the increase of age, significant difference could be seen in rCBF and rCBV of thalamus. However, with progress of arterial stenosis, significant difference could only be obsevrved in rCBV, rMTT and rTTP, whereas rCBF had no significant difference. For increase of moyamoya vessels, significant decrease of rCBF could be seen in temporal and parietal lobe. With the increase of compensatory artery numbers, no significant difference could be seen in rCBF parameters (p>0.05).ConclusionsIn adult MMD patients, age, gender and clinical type were potential risk factors for the change of cerebral perfusion. When arterial stenosis is worsened, moyamoya vessels could alter perfusion of temporal and parietal lobe, but not frontal lobe. Extracranial/intracranial compensatory arteries could maintain microcirculation stability in frontal lobe and basal ganglia, indicating that the protection from extracranial compensatory arteries, a theoretic base for surgery treatment if necessary.

scholarly journals Assessment of Potential Risk Factors for 2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCov) Infection among Health Care Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital, North India

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110020
Author(s):  
Sugandhi Sharma ◽  
Ritin Mohindra ◽  
Kirtan Rana ◽  
Vikas Suri ◽  
Ashish Bhalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Introduction Health care workers (HCWs) are at the forefront to fight against COVID-19 pandemic. They are at more risk of contracting the infection. This study was planned to assess potential risk factors of 2019-novel coronavirus infection among HCWs working in a health facility and to evaluate the effectiveness of infection prevention and control measures among them. Methods A study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital among HCWs who were directly or indirectly involved in the management of a confirmed or suspected case of COVID-19. The socio-demographic characteristics, history of exposure, IPC measures followed and clinical symptoms were compared between health care workers in COVID and non-COVID areas. Results Majority (45%) of HCWs were nurses, followed by hospital/sanitary/technical attendants (30%) and doctors (24%). Out of a total of 256 HCWs, 2% tested positive. Around 80% of HCWs had ever attended any IPC training. A statistically significant association was found between posting area of HCWs and their exposure to COVID patients (duration of exposure, PPE has worn by HCWs, direct contact of HCWs with the patient’s material) and COVID positivity ( P value <.001). Conclusion If health care workers were trained and take adequate precautions then the risk of getting an infection is minimized.

scholarly journals Assessment of potential risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among nurses in a health care setting in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Zerife Orhan ◽  
Arzu Kayis ◽  
Mehtap Sonmez ◽  
Burak Kucuk ◽  
Kezban Yalcinkaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Health Care Setting ◽  
Potential Risk Factors
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