scholarly journals Novel isolate of Cysticercus tenuicollis-Kalar isolate has been revealed in Kalar, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1532-1538
Author(s):  
Taib Ahmed Hama-Soor ◽  
Aram Ahmad Mohammed ◽  
Sardar Weli
Keyword(s):  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Cysticercus Tenuicollis ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
Female Sheep ◽  
Molecular Description

Introduction: Although Cysticercus tenuicollis is one of the most economic and veterinary important parasite in Iraq, scanty molecular characterization exists for this helminth. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and molecular description of C. tenuicollis isolates from sheep in Kalar district of Iraq. Methodology: A total of 2,906 slaughtered sheep were examined post-mortem. Up to 20 samples of C. tenuicollis was extracted and amplified using mitochondrial COX1 gene. Results: The overall prevalence rate was 6.88%, and female sheep recorded higher rate of infection (24.35%) than male (6.16%) with significant difference (p<0.05). The molecular results showed 14 haplotypes for COX1 gene and the pairwise nucleotide variation among them was ranged from 0.2 to 2.6%. Twelve out of fourteen haplotypes of C. tenuicollis involving one to three base mutations were discovered in Kalar, Iraq for the first time and this could be a unique mutation internationally and did not registered previously. Eleven newly recorded haplotypes involved only one single mutation and the remaining one involved three mutations. Phylogenetic interpretation showed that Cysticercus tenuicollis-Kalar isolate were clustered in one clade, and closely related to isolates discovered in Nigeria, China, Turkey, Poland, and Iran. Conclusions: This study provided a new record data on prevalence and discovered novel strains of C. tenuicollis in the study area for the first time named Cysticercus tenuicollis-Kalar isolate. Novel haplotypes might consider endemic genetic characterization of this metacestode. The present data may be useful to provide a good molecular background for future preventive and control programs.

Clinical and molecular epidemic characterization of rotavirus infection among children under five years old in Shandong province, China.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shixiao Dong ◽  
Deyu Huang ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Guanyou Zhang ◽  
Fengjuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Abstract Rotavirus was the an important causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in children. In China, rotavirus was positive in approximately 30% of the diarrhea children and become a serious public problem. This study was carried out to investigate the clinical and molecular epidemic characterization of rotavirus infection among children under 5 years old with acute diarrhea in Shandong province, China. From July 2017 to June 2018, a total of 1211 fecal specimens were detected and the prevalence of rotavirus infection was 32.12%. The mean age of positive children was 12.2 ± 10.9 months and the highest infection rate was observed in children aged 7–12 months with a rate of 41.64%. G9P[8] (76.61%) was the most prevalent combinations followed by G2P[4] (7.20%), G3P[8] (3.60%) and G9P[4] (2.06%). In addition to diarrhea, vomiting, fever and dehydration were the most common accompanied symptoms. In general, there was no significant difference in clinical manifestations among different age groups. However, the clinical manifestations between vaccinated and unvaccinated children were significantly different. Vaccinated children showed lower incidence and frequency of vomiting, lower incidence and degree of dehydration, lower incidence of severe cases than unvaccinated children. The findings suggested necessary to continue rotavirus strains surveillance in order to monitor the change of prevalent genotype. Moreover, introducing vaccine into national immunization program to prevent and control rotavirus infections is needed in China.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization, Pathogenicity and Biological Characterization of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose of Camellia yuhsienensis Hu in China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1712
Author(s):  
Xinggang Chen ◽  
Lingyu Jiang ◽  
Anhua Bao ◽  
Changlin Liu ◽  
Junang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Camellia Oleifera ◽  
Biological Characterization ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Camellia yuhsienensis Hu, a species of tea oil tree with resistance to anthracnose, is widely used to breed disease-resistant Camellia varieties. In 2019, anthracnose symptoms were observed on Ca. yuhsienensis for the first time. However, the species and biological characteristics of Colletotrichum spp. isolated from Ca. yuhsienensis (YX-Colletotrichum spp.) have not been elucidated. In this study, five isolates (YX2-5-2, 2YX-3-1, 2YX-5-1, 2YX-8-1-1 and 2YX-8-1-2), which were consistent with the morphological characteristics of Colletotrichum spp., were obtained from Ca. yuhsienensis. A phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that YX2-5-2, 2YX-3-1 and 2YX-8-1-2 belonged to first clade along with Colletotrichum fructicola. 2YX-8-1-1 belonged to the second clade along with Colletotrichum siamense. 2YX-5-1 belonged to the third clade with Colletotrichum camelliae. Pathogenicity tests revealed that the pathogenicity of YX-Colletotrichum spp. was stronger than that of Colletotrichum spp. isolated from Camellia oleifera (GD-Colletotrichum spp.). Biological characteristics illustrated that the mycelial growth of YX-Co. camelliae (2YX-5-1) was slower than that of GD-Co. camelliae when the temperature exceeded 20 °C. In addition, in the presence of ions, the mycelial growth of YX-Co. fructicola (YX2-5-2) and YX-Co. siamense (2YX-8-1-1) was also slower than that of GD-Co. fructicola and GD-Co. siamense. Furthermore, the ability of YX-Colletotrichum spp. to utilize lactose and mannitol was weaker than that of GD-Colletotrichum spp., while the ability to utilize NH4+ was generally stronger than that of GD-Colletotrichum spp. This is the first report of anthracnose of Ca. yuhsienensis induced by Co. fructicola, Co. siamense and Co. camelliae in China. These results will provide theoretical guidance for the study of the pathogenesis and control of anthracnose on Ca. yuhsienensis.

scholarly journals Characterization of Pasteurella multocida isolated from dead rabbits with respiratory disease in Fujian, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxiang Wang ◽  
Lei Sang ◽  
Shikun Sun ◽  
Yanfeng Chen ◽  
Dongjin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sequence Types

Abstract Background: Pasteurella multocida is one of the important pathogens that infect rabbits, causing major economic losses in commercial rabbit farming. In this study, 205 P. multocida isolates recovered from lungs of dead rabbits with respiratory disease were defined by capsular serogroups, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genotypes and multi-locus sequence types, screened virulence factors and antimicrobial susceptibility. Results: The 205 isolates were assigned into 2 capsular types, A and D, and 2 LPS genotypes, L3 and L6. When combining capsular types with LPS genotypes, 4 serotypes were detected. A:L3 (51.22%, 105/205) was the most predominant serotype, followed by A:L6 (24.88%, 51/205), D:L6 (19.02%, 39/205) and D:L3 (4.88%, 10/205). The 205 isolates were grouped into 3 sequence types, ST10, ST11 and ST12. ST12 (56.10%, 115/205) was the most prevalent sequence type, followed by ST10 (24.88%, 51/205) and ST11 (19.02%, 39/205). In the 205 isolates, virulence associated genes ptfA , fur , hgbB , ompA , ompH and oma87 were positive in the PCR screening, whereas the toxA and tbpA genes were negative. Notably, the 156 capsular serogroup A isolates carried the pmHAS gene. All the 205 isolates were susceptible to most of the used antibiotics, except for streptomycin, gentamycin, kanamycin and ceftriaxone, and the resistance rates of which were 27.80%, 15.61%, 9.27% and 2.44%, respectively. Conclusions: This study, for the first time, described the prevalence and characteristics of P. multocida causing respiratory disease in rabbits in Fujian Province, which might be useful for tracking the epidemic strains and development of efficient vaccines and methods to prevent and control the pathogen.

scholarly journals A check list and population trends of invasive amphibians and reptiles in Taiwan

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 829 ◽  
pp. 85-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko-Huan Lee ◽  
Tien-Hsi Chen ◽  
Gaus Shang ◽  
Simon Clulow ◽  
Yi-Ju Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Invasion Risk ◽  
Colonization History ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Invasive species have impacted biodiversity all around the world. Among various ecosystems, islands are most vulnerable to these impacts due to their high ratio of endemism, highly specialized adaptation, and isolated and unique fauna. As with other subtropical islands, Taiwan faces constant risk of biological invasions and is currently ranked as one of the countries most affected by invasive amphibians and reptiles. In this paper, a comprehensive checklist of all known exotic amphibians and reptiles is provided, including twelve species which have successfully colonized Taiwan and six species with a controversial status. We provide an update on the knowledge of all these species including their distribution, colonization history, threats to native animals, and population trends based on literature records, fauna surveys, and data collected during invasive species eradication and control programs. A list of species with high invasive potentials is also provided. This study reports, for the first time, a comprehensive survey of invasive herpetofauna in Taiwan, which should provide a valuable reference to other regions which might suffer from similar invasion risk.

Prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis in Ostriches from Central and South Parts of Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Al- Zubaidei H. Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
June July ◽  
First Time

The prevalence of Ostriches cryptosporidiosis was determined for the first time in central and south parts of Iraq to study the effects of age, sex and months on the infection rate and to record the morphological characterization of Cryptosporidium spp in Ostriches. A total of 200 Ostriches fecal samples were examined by traditional methods for detection of the parasite. The total infection rate was 11% (22/200), and the highest infection rate was 12.26% (13/106) in chicks ( 9 months), while the lowest infection rate was 9.57% (9/94) recorded in the adult (> 9 Months). The study included seven provinces in the central and south parts of Iraq: Wasit, Baghdad, Babylon, Diyala, Karbala, Al-Najaf and Al-Qadisiyah. The highest infection rate was reported in Al-Najaf (23.53%) compared with the lowest rate (0%) in Wasit province. March reported an infection rate of 50%, while the lowest rate (0%) was registered during the summer months: June, July and August with a significant difference (P0.05) among months of the study. Morphologically, the study indicated the wide spread of Cryptosporidium parasites in Ostriches in both central and south area of Iraq

scholarly journals Characterization of Longidorus caespiticola (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from the Czech Republic

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
First Time

Abstract Longidorus caespiticola was found for the first time from the rhizosphere of apple with two other Longidorus sp. at Žlunice, Czech Republic. Females and males were analyzed morphologically and morphometrically. Four regions (18S, ITS1, ITS2, D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S) of ribosomal DNA and one region (cox1) of mitochondrial DNA were sequenced and analyzed and compared with a population from the Slovak Republic. The partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene showed relatively high genetic variation compared with ribosomal DNA between the Czech and Slovakian populations.

Histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization of the testes of the dove

Zygote ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma El-Zahraa A. Mustafa ◽  
Ruwaida Elhanbaly
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Primary Spermatocyte ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Ultrastructural Characterization ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Summary Avian testes have been used in the study of germ cell transfer, importantly for understanding the preservation and control of birds. For this purpose, we use light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry to understand the reproductive efficiency of dove testes. The tunica albuginea was thin and septula testes were not observed. The testicular parenchyma was formed mainly of closely packed convoluted seminiferous tubules with little interstitial area. Three types of spermatogonia were distinguished. The primary spermatocyte appeared as the largest spermatogenic cell and was identified at different stages of meiosis. Different morphological stages of the spermatid were categorized. Various cellular associations were described within the seminiferous epithelium. The cytoplasm of Sertoli cells was pale and ill defined due to its close relationship to the germinal epithelium. The spermatid attached to the luminal border of Sertoli cells and germ cells were closely associated. A single layer of myoid cells surrounded the seminiferous tubule. Testicular telocytes of doves were located in the peritubular region and near the blood vessels. Telopods appeared as long cytoplasmic processes arising from the cell body. Leydig cells were distributed singly or in small groups and cords. The intensity of androgen receptor (AR) immunostaining in the testes of the dove was established for the first time and is described in this paper.

scholarly journals Molecular study of Cysticercus tenuicollis from slaughtered sheep in Sulaymaniyah province, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-280
Author(s):  
Aram Ahmad Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Study ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Cysticercus Tenuicollis ◽  
12S Rrna Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial 12S Rrna ◽  
Few Data ◽  
First Time

AbstractIntroductionCysticercosis caused by the larval stage of Taenia hydatigena is economically the most important endemic parasitic disease in Iraq. Few data are available relating to the genetic divergence of this helminth. This study aimed to molecularly characterise Cysticercus tenuicollis isolates from sheep in Sulaymaniyah province, Iraq.Material and MethodsDNA extraction and amplification of specimens of C. tenuicollis from 46 sheep were conducted by PCR for the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. The 19 amplicons were subjected to purification and partial sequencing.ResultsFive 12S rRNA nucleotide sequence haplotypes were found. The pairwise nucleotide difference between haplotypes of 12S rRNA gene ranged from 0.2% to 0.7%. Four out of the five haplotypes of C. tenuicollis contained one to two base mutations and were discovered in Iraq for the first time, and this may be a unique mutation globally which has not been recorded previously. Three newly recorded haplotypes contained only one single mutation, and the other one contained two mutations. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all isolated strains were closely related to Iranian sheep isolates.ConclusionsFour new strains of T. hydatigena were discovered for the first time in the study area.

scholarly journals Characterization of Pasteurella multocida isolated from dead rabbits with respiratory disease in Fujian, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxiang Wang ◽  
Lei Sang ◽  
Shikun Sun ◽  
Yanfeng Chen ◽  
Dongjin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sequence Types

Abstract Background: Pasteurella multocida is one of the important pathogens that infect rabbits, causing major economic losses in commercial rabbit farming. In this study, 205 P. multocida isolates recovered from lungs of dead rabbits with respiratory disease were defined by capsular serogroups, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genotypes, multi-locus sequence types and screened virulence factors by using PCR assays, and tested antimicrobial susceptibility. Results: The 205 isolates were assigned into 2 capsular types, A and D, and 2 LPS genotypes, L3 and L6. When combining capsular types with LPS genotypes, 4 serotypes were detected. A:L3 (51.22%, 105/205) was the most predominant serotype, followed by A:L6 (24.88%, 51/205), D:L6 (19.02%, 39/205) and D:L3 (4.88%, 10/205). The 205 isolates were grouped into 3 sequence types, ST10, ST11 and ST12. ST12 (56.10%, 115/205) was the most prevalent sequence type, followed by ST10 (24.88%, 51/205) and ST11 (19.02%, 39/205). In the 205 isolates, virulence associated genes ptfA, fur, hgbB, ompA, ompH and oma87 were positive in the PCR screening, whereas the toxA and tbpA genes were negative. Notably, the 156 capsular serogroup A isolates carried the pmHAS gene. All the 205 isolates were susceptible to most of the used antibiotics, except for streptomycin, gentamycin, kanamycin and ceftriaxone, and the resistance rates of which were 27.80%, 15.61%, 9.27% and 2.44%, respectively. Conclusions: This study, for the first time, described the prevalence and characteristics of P. multocida causing respiratory disease in rabbits in Fujian Province, which might be useful for tracking the epidemic strains and development of efficient vaccines and methods to prevent and control the pathogen.

scholarly journals Characterization of Pasteurella multocida isolated from dead rabbits with respiratory disease in Fujian, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxiang Wang ◽  
Lei Sang ◽  
Shikun Sun ◽  
Yanfeng Chen ◽  
Dongjin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sequence Types

Abstract Background Pasteurella multocida is one of the important pathogens infects rabbits, causing major economic losses in commercial rabbit farming. In this study, 205 P. multocida isolates recovered from lungs of dead rabbits with respiratory disease were defined capsular serogroups, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genotypes and multi-locus sequence types, screened virulence factors, and tested antimicrobial susceptibility. Results The 205 isolates were assigned into 2 capsular types, A and D, and 2 LPS genotypes, L3 and L6. When combining capsular types with LPS genotypes, 4 serotypes were detected. A:L3 (51.22%, 105/205) was the most predominant serotype, followed by A:L6 (24.88%, 51/205), D:L6 (19.02%, 39/205), and D:L3 (4.88%, 10/205). The 205 isolates were grouped into 3 sequence types, ST10, ST11 and ST12. ST12 (56.10%, 115/205) was the most prevalent sequence type, followed by ST10 (24.88%, 51/205) and ST11 (19.02%, 39/205). In the 205 isolates, the virulence genes of ptfA, fur, hgbB, ompA, ompH and oma87 were positive, whereas the toxA and tbpA genes were negative. Notably, the 156 capsular serogroup A isolates carried pmHAS gene. All the 205 isolates were susceptible to most of the used antibiotics, except for streptomycin, gentamycin, kanamycin and ceftriaxone, and the resistance rates of which were 27.80%, 15.61%, 9.27% and 2.44%, respectively. Conclusions This study, for the first time, described the prevalence and characteristics of P. multocida causing respiratory disease in rabbits in Fujian Province, which might be useful for tracking the epidemic strains and development of efficient vaccines and methods to prevent and control the pathogen.

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