scholarly journals Oral melatonin improves the detection of parasitemia in malaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1327-1331
Author(s):  
Chandan Kumar Kedarisetty ◽  
B Laksminarayana Samaga ◽  
Sudha Vidyasagar ◽  
Jayanthi Venkataraman
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Peripheral Smear ◽  
Smear Examination ◽  
Parasite Detection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Single Centre Study ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
A Prospective Study

Introduction: Malaria is a growing global threat and a major cause of mortality in the tropics. The gold standard diagnosis is peripheral blood smear examination. It has been demonstrated that melatonin acts as messenger molecule in malaria pathophysiology. This concept was used to evolve a clinical study wherein use of exogenous melatonin could improve the chance of detection of the parasite. Methodology: In a prospective study, 80 consecutive patients seen in the Department of Medicine at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, suspected to have malarial fever were enrolled with proper informed consent, and randomly assigned to the groups given oral melatonin 3mg (melatonin group, n = 40) or placebo (control group, n = 40). Blood samples were collected for peripheral smear examination at baseline and then at two, three, four and five hours after drug administration. The primary end point was the parasite detection index. Results: Baseline characteristics of patients were comparable. In the melatonin group, there was a significant increase of 0.0943 ± 0.22 in the mean parasite index from 0.217 ± 0.42 pre-melatonin to 0.3114 ± 0.5 post-melatonin (p = 0.001), compared to a difference of 0.0025 ± 0.22 in mean parasite index before and after placebo in the control group (p = 0.95). The maximum rise in parasite detection was seen at five hours after melatonin. Conclusions: In a single centre study, for the first time, it has been shown that a significantly higher proportion of patients was diagnosed with malaria on peripheral smear after oral melatonin administration, maximal at five hours after administration of melatonin.

The Influence of Chokeberry Juice Supplementation on the Reduction of Oxidative Stress Resulting from an Incremental Rowing Ergometer Exercise

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucja Pilaczynska-Szczesniak ◽  
A. Skarpanska-Steinborn ◽  
E. Deskur ◽  
P. Basta ◽  
M. Horoszkiewicz-Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
Chokeberry Juice

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of an increased intake of anthocyanins, contained in chokeberry juice, on the redox parameters in rowers performing a physical exercise during a 1-month training camp. The athletes were randomly assigned to receive 150 mL of chokeberry juice daily, containing 23 mg/100 mL of anthocyanins (supplemented group), or placebo (control group). Before and after the supplementation period, the subjects performed an incremental rowing exercise test. Blood samples were taken from the antecubital vein before each exercise test, 1 min after the test, and following a 24-h recovery period. After the supplementation period, TBARS concentrations in the samples collected 1 min after the exercise test and following a 24-h recovery period were significantly lower in the subjects receiving chokeberry juice than in the control group. In the supplemented group, glutathione peroxidase activity was lower in the samples collected 1 min after the exercise test, and superoxide dismutase activity was lower in the samples taken following a 24-h recovery, as compared to the subjects receiving placebo. These findings indicate that an increased intake of anthocyanins limits the exercise-induced oxidative damage to red blood cells, most probably by enhancing the endogenous antioxidant defense system.

scholarly journals Abnormal WBC Scattergrams by Sysmex XN550, A Supplementary Diagnostic Tool for Malaria to the Conventional Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. A14-19
Author(s):  
Rajeshwar Suresh Bute ◽  
Bhavana Madhukar Bharambe ◽  
Ravikiran Pawar ◽  
Asawari Bharat Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Gray Zone ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Peripheral Smear ◽  
Parasite Detection ◽  
Malaria Antigen ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Thick Smear ◽  
Ethical Clearance

Background: In India, malaria has a major impact on health system. It is usually diagnosed based on symptomatology, parasite detection in the peripheral smear (PS) or rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) such as malaria antigen test (MAT). Detection of malaria by MAT is considered as the gold standard. A rapid, cost effective screening of malaria can be done with the automated analyzers. The present study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of WBC scattergram generated by Sysmex XN 550 hematology analyzer to diagnose malaria. Methods: A prospective study was conducted over a period of 4 months from August to November 2019, after obtaining institutional ethical clearance. All cases diagnosed as Plasmodium vivax / Plasmodium falciparum infections on malaria antigen test (MAT) were included. Their hemogram and WBC scattergrams obtained from Sysmex XN 550 were studied. Thick & thin Smears were made and stained with Leishman’s stain for microscopy. Results: A total of 101 cases were diagnosed as malaria positive by MAT and thick smear. Ninety-seven were positive by Leishman’s stain. Abnormal scattergrams were 81 out of 101 malaria positive cases. The commonest pattern was double neutrophil zone (n=22) followed by double neutrophil with less space between neutrophil and eosinophil (n=17). An abnormal event on X axis was observed in 16 patients. Gray zone and double eosinophil areas were observed in 11 and 4 cases respectively. The sensitivity of the analyzer was found to be 80.19%. Conclusion: Scattergram of automated haematology analyser (Sysmex XN 550) has good sensitivity, which can be increased to a better level if combined with thrombocytopenia and symptomatology of the patients.

scholarly journals Is rapid diagnostic test (malaria Pv/Pf Ag card test) reliable in diagnosing malaria

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Vishruti Gandhi Vishruti Gandhi ◽  
Prasad Muley ◽  
Niyati Parikh ◽  
Hardik Gandhi ◽  
Akash Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Peripheral Smear ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Smear Examination

Background: Malaria is a protozoan disease transmitted by the bite of infected female anopheles mosquitoes is one of the most important parasitic diseases of human with transmission in 109 countries, affecting more than one billion people worldwide. This study was planned to compare the gold standard i.e. peripheral blood smear examination and the newer rapid diagnostic test (malaria plasmodium falciparum/ plasmodium vivax antigen card) to know the diagnostic accuracy of Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) kits. Methods: All the suspected cases of WHO defined malaria between 1month to 18 years of age were enrolled in the study.Results: Out of 96 clinically suspected cases of malaria 63 were confirmed by peripheral smear. The age range of participants ranged from 4 months to 17 years. On peripheral smear examination, out of 96 clinically suspected cases, 37 (38.5%) cases were positive for P. vivax, 23 (23.9%) were positive for P. falciparum and 3 (3.1%) were positive for both parasites by microscopy. Sensitivity and specificity of RDT for Plasmodium Vivax is 92.5% and 96.4% respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of RDT for Plasmodium Falciparum is 96.2% and 90%.Conclusions: The rational use of RDTs as a complement to microscopy might give substantial health benefits through earlier treatment, reduction in morbidity and mortality and more rationalized approach for choosing anti-malarial drugs, which in terms may prevent drug resistance.

scholarly journals CORRELATION OF PERIPHERAL SMEARS FINDINGS WITH RBC INDICES AND RBC HISTOGRAM IN DIAGNOSIS OF ANAEMIA IN PREGNANT FEMALES.

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Preethi. M ◽  
Ashraf A.Z ◽  
A.S. Anand ◽  
Yaranal P.J
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Peripheral Smear ◽  
Smear Examination ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Rbc Indices

Background: Red Blood Cell (RBC) histogram is a graphic representation of particle size distribution (cell frequencies verses size). RBC histogram with complete blood cell counts by automated analyser provides an idea about morphological changes of red blood cells in anaemias. Peripheral smear examination (PBS) helps in diagnosing different types of anaemias by visualizing abnormal shape and size, arrangement and immature red cells. This study was intended to analyze various types of anemia in pregnant women and to correlate RBC indices, RBC histogram with peripheral smear. Aims and Objectives: 1) To Correlate RBC indices, RBC histogram with peripheral smear in anemic pregnant women. 2) To categorize the type of anemia based on RBC indices, histogram and peripheral smear. Materials and Methods: Venous blood sample was run in SYSMEX XNL/350 six-part analyser. The haematological investigations of CBC, red blood cell indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) and RBC histogram were obtained by analyser. Peripheral blood smear study was performed. Results: The present study included 55 cases among which in decreasing order of frequency, NNA (50.9%) was more common followed by MHA (40%), macrocytic anaemia (3.63%) and dimorphic anaemia (5.45%), as categorized by peripheral smear examination. Analysis by erythrocyte indices and histogram showed similar findings except in normocytic, microcytic and dimorphic which were 13.63%, 32.14% and 1.8% respectively. The correlation was done between the diagnosis made by the two methods which showed 76% concordance and discordance of 23.63%. Conclusion: Findings of the present study shows automated analyzer correlated well with PBS in cases of macrocytic and dimorphic anemia, compared to normocytic normochromic and microcytic hypochromic anaemia. As, RBC histogram with RBC indices and PBS are supplementary to each other, both should be used in conjunction for accurate diagnosis.

scholarly journals The Effects of Creatine on Blood Pressure Before, and After High Intensity Training

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Schmitz ◽  
Tyler Jakes
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Division Iii ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

It is known that systolic blood pressure (SBP) drops five to seven mmHg for 22 hours immediately after a workout in individuals the have moderate hypertension, and that in individuals with optimal blood pressure (BP), one can expect to see a drop of four to five mmHg for over the following 22 hours. Creatine (CRE), one of the most recognized supplemental aids to enhance performance of high-intensity exercise, has convincingly substantiated its ergogenic potential (Naderi et al. 2016). However, little has been researched on the connection between creatine and blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of CRE on BP after a bout of high intensity strength training on Division III football players at Gustavus Adolphus College. This study is a one sample research design. Each athlete had their blood pressure measured four total times. One resting BP was taken before the consumption of CRE and the other was taken 18-22 hours after the consumption of creatine. The same was done when each subject participated in the control group as well. The subjects were given the creatine or placebo (control) at random for their first trial and then given the opposite for the second trial one week later. The independent variable was consumption of CRE. The dependent variables were SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The difference in SBP and DBP between the trials were calculated and analyzed using a paired sample t-test. Results showed that CRE trial BPs were slightly higher than in control trials although the difference was not significant (p<0.05). The results of the study gave a better understanding of the effects of CRE on BP after a high intensity strength training session.

Endothelial function in subjects with isolated low HDL cholesterol: role of nitric oxide and circulating progenitor cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (2) ◽  
pp. E202-E209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukihito Higashi ◽  
Hidehiro Matsuoka ◽  
Hidekazu Umei ◽  
Ryo Sugano ◽  
Yuichi Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Low Hdl

Epidemiologic studies have shown that a low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of isolated low HDL cholesterol to endothelial function. Thirty-nine subjects with low HDL cholesterol who had no other cardiovascular risk factors were selected from the 5,417 participants from our population. We evaluated flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) before and after 4 wk of treatment with the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor pravastatin in 29 of the 39 subjects with isolated low HDL cholesterol. FMD was lower in the low-HDL-cholesterol group ( n = 29) than in the control group ( n = 29), whereas NTG-induced vasodilation was similar in the two groups. Pravastatin increased HDL cholesterol, urinary excretion of nitrite/nitrate, circulating levels of progenitor cells, and cell migration response to vascular endothelial growth factor in 15 subjects with low HDL cholesterol but not in 14 placebo control subjects. FMD increased in the pravastatin treatment group but not in the control group. NTG-induced vasodilation was similar before and after 4 wk of treatment in the two groups. Multiple regression analysis revealed that changes in HDL cholesterol, the number of progenitor cells, and migration of progenitor cells were independent predictors of augmentation of FMD with pravastatin. These findings suggest that low HDL cholesterol is an independent risk factor for endothelial dysfunction and that pravastatin improves endothelial function in individuals with isolated low HDL cholesterol through, at least in part, an increase in circulating progenitor cells.

scholarly journals Immediate Effects of Neurodynamic Sliding versus Muscle Stretching on Hamstring Flexibility in Subjects with Short Hamstring Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Castellote-Caballero ◽  
Maríe C. Valenza ◽  
Emilio J. Puentedura ◽  
César Fernández-de-las-Peñas ◽  
Francisco Alburquerque-Sendín
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hamstring Flexibility ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects ◽  
Sliding Technique

Background. Hamstring injuries continue to affect active individuals and although inadequate muscle extensibility remains a commonly accepted factor, little is known about the most effective method to improve flexibility.Purpose. To determine if an isolated neurodynamic sciatic sliding technique would improve hamstring flexibility to a greater degree than stretching or a placebo intervention in asymptomatic subjects with short hamstring syndrome (SHS).Study Design. Randomized double-blinded controlled trial.Methods. One hundred and twenty subjects with SHS were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: neurodynamic sliding, hamstring stretching, and placebo control. Each subject’s dominant leg was measured for straight leg raise (SLR) range of motion (ROM) before and after interventions. Data were analyzed with a3×2mixed model ANOVA followed by simple main effects analyses.Results. At the end of the study, more ROM was observed in the Neurodynamic and Stretching groups compared to the Control group and more ROM in the Neurodynamic group compared to Stretching group.Conclusion. Findings suggest that a neurodynamic sliding technique will increase hamstring flexibility to a greater degree than static hamstring stretching in healthy subjects with SHS.Clinical Relevance. The use of neurodynamic sliding techniques to improve hamstring flexibility in sports may lead to a decreased incidence in injuries; however, this needs to be formally tested.

P0634RISK OF HYDROELECTROLYTIC AND ACID-BASE DISORDERS INDUCED BY LIPOSOMAL AMPHOTERICIN B USE IN VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Freire Bezerra ◽  
Gdayllon Cavalcante Meneses ◽  
Danya Bandeira Lima ◽  
Geraldo Bezerra da Silva Junior ◽  
Vittoria Nobre Jacinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin B ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Background and Aims Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious illness if untreated. Liposomal Amphotericin B (L-AMB) is the more effectiveness treatment against LV and less nephrotoxic formulation. We aim to evaluate expression of kidney transporters in VL patients before and during L-AMB use. Method This is a prospective study with 9 selected VL patients that used only L-AMB during hospital stay. Renal transporter analyzes were from before and during the treatment and compared with a control group composed by healthy people. The urine transporters (AQP2, aquaporin 2; NKCC2, Na-K-2Cl cotransporter; NHE3, Na/H exchanger) and a constitutive exosome marker (TSG 101) expressions were measured after urinary exosomes isolation. Results No significant increase of TSG 101 was observed in all comparisons, including between both times and vs healthy controls. Additionally, were observed increased urinary protein expression in VL patients in both times (before and after L-AMB use) in comparison with healthy controls of the AQP2: (105.32 (22.90 – 140.27) vs 1362.97 (627.93-2620.09) or 846,20(552.60-1249.14) %, p<0.01); NHE3: (74.81 (57.17 – 126.33) vs 3373.36 (282.69-6877.97) or 462.67 (123.80-7280.21) %, p<0.01); and NKCC2: (90.98 (79.07 – 120.30) vs 634.45 (345.18-1588.41) or 545.74 (284.34-2183.87) %, p=0.03). Moreover, the patients treated with L-AMB showed a significant decrease in AQT2 (P=0.023) and NHE3 (P=0.008) expression. Conclusion We suggest that despite less nephrotoxic, the L-AMB use may be monitored to investigate patients at risk of hydroelectrolytic and acid-base disorders.

scholarly journals Aloe Royal Jelly Powder Contributes to Maintain Normal Immunity: a Randomized Clinical Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Yi Yang ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Xiaoguang Zhu ◽  
Mei Huang ◽  
Xuemei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Trial Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

To study the safety and the function of maintaining normal immunity of product with royal jelly lyophilized powder and whole-leaf aloe drying powder as main raw materials. Methods: Selected 125 subjects qualified for inclusion/exclusion criteria for a trial test. (The trial group lost 9 subjects. The control group lost 6 subjects.54 effective subjects of trial group includes 12 men and 42 women. 56 effective subjects of control group including 9 men and 47 women.) The trial group was evaluated by self-control and inter-group comparison, after 90 days of continuous use of aloe royal jelly. Results: There are significant differences in the overall feeling, physiological feeling, psychological feeling and comprehensive evaluation of the individuals in the trial group after 90 days (P<0.001), which are higher than before. The control group has no statistically significant difference in the comprehensive evaluation before and after the trial (P>0.05). The ratio of CD4/CD8, IgG, IgA and IgM in the trial group and the placebo control group are above the normal low-limit. There is no obvious abnormality in indicators of blood test, blood biochemistry, liver and kidney function and other clinical tests. Conclusion: Aloe royal jelly powder contributes to maintain normal immune function and has no harmful effect to the health of subjects.

scholarly journals Interleukin-31 Serum And Pruritus Dimension After Acupuncture Treatment In Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
Dedi Ardinata ◽  
Rozaimah Zain-Hamid ◽  
Irma. D. Roesyanto-Mahadi ◽  
Hasan Mihardja
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Interleukin (IL)-31 serum levels were significantly higher in hemodialysis patients with pruritus, whereas acupuncture in LI11 was shown to improve symptoms of pruritus. However, there is limited information that IL-31 serum levels that correlate with decreased dimensions of the pruritus after acupuncture in LI11 in a hemodialysis patient. AIM: The aim of the study was to demonstrate the impact of acupuncture in LI11 and IL-31 serum level and its correlation with dimensions of the pruritus in hemodialysis patients. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial has been carried out from August 2019 to December 2019 at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. Sixty patients underwent hemodialysis who were randomly allocated to two groups, one group got acupuncture in Quchi LI11 (intervention group), and the other group got a placebo (control group). IL-31 serum levels and pruritus were measured before and after 6 weeks of acupuncture in both groups. RESULTS: Acupuncture did not significantly reduce IL-31 (p = 0.931) and decreased dimensions: Degree, duration, disability, and distribution of the pruritus between the intervention group and the control group after 6 weeks of acupuncture in LI11. It can be shown that there is no significant correlation between IL-31 serum levels and dimensions of the pruritus. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the effect of acupuncture on reducing dimensions of the pruritus not related to IL-31 serum levels. Identifying the action mechanism of acupuncture to minimize pruritus considerably enhances knowledge of the impacts of acupuncture on reducing pruritus in hemodialysis patients.

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