scholarly journals Cysts and parasites in an abattoir in Northwest Ethiopia; an urgent call for action on “one health”

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (06.1) ◽  
pp. 53S-57S
Author(s):  
Desalegn Getahun ◽  
Saskia Van Henten ◽  
Adugna Abera ◽  
Mbazi Senkoro ◽  
Philip Owiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Program ◽  
One Health ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Abattoir Data ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Zoonotic parasitic infections such as echinococcosis affect cattle, sheep and goats by lowering quality of meat and hides as well as decreasing milk production. The burden of such diseases among humans is usually underestimated as they are difficult to diagnose. We used abattoir data to estimate the prevalence of zoonotic parasitic infections in animals. Methodology: Data from 2005-2018 was used from the registry of an abattoir in Northwest Ethiopia. Frequencies, proportions and trends over time were analyzed. Meat inspection was conducted by visualization, palpation and incision. Results: A total of 58,787 animals were slaughtered in the abattoir during the study period. These included 51,956 (88 %) cattle, 5,890 (10%) sheep and 941 (2%) goats. The detected parasites included Echinococcus in 12,334/58,787 (21%) and Fasciola in 10,551/58,787 (18%) animals. Echinococcus infection was highest among goats (267/941, 28%), followed by cattle (11,591/51,956, 22%) and sheep (476/5,890, 8%). Fasciolosis was detected in 9,877/51,956 (19%) cattle and 178/941 (19%) goats. The number of animals slaughtered strongly decreased over time from 8,405 in 2006 to 1,605 in 2018. However, the proportion of parasitic infections remained high with some fluctuations over the study period. Conclusions: Echinococcosis and fasciolosis were very common with one out of five animals slaughtered infected. This is of public health concern and needs urgent multi-sectorial efforts from stakeholders at the national and regional level for control of these diseases. One health program approaches may warrant the control of transmission to humans.

scholarly journals Probiotics as a Possible Strategy for the Prevention and Treatment of Allergies. A Narrative Review

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Aroa Lopez-Santamarina ◽  
Esther Gonzalez Gonzalez ◽  
Alexandre Lamas ◽  
Alicia del Carmen Mondragon ◽  
Patricia Regal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria

Allergies are an increasing global public health concern, especially for children and people living in urban environments. Allergies impair the quality of life of those who suffer from them, and for this reason, alternatives for the treatment of allergic diseases or reduction in their symptoms are being sought. The main objective of this study was to compile the studies carried out on probiotics as a possible therapy for allergies. The most studied allergies on which probiotics have been shown to have a beneficial effect are rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. Most studies have studied the administration of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. in children and have shown beneficial effects, such as a reduction in hyperreactivity and inflammation caused by allergens and a decrease in cytokine release, among other beneficial effects. In the case of children, no clear beneficial effects were found in several studies, and the potential risk from the use of some opportunistic bacteria, such as probiotics, seems controversial. In the studies that reported beneficial results, these effects were found to make allergy symptoms less aggressive, thus reducing morbidity in allergy sufferers. The different effects of the same probiotic bacteria on different patients seem to reinforce the idea that the efficacy of probiotics is dependent on the microbial species or strain, its derived metabolites and byproducts, and the gut microbiota eubiosis of the patient. This study is relevant in the context of allergic diseases, as it provides a broader understanding of new alternatives for the treatment of allergies, both in children, who are the main sufferers, and adults, showing that probiotics, in some cases, reduce the symptoms and severity of such diseases.

scholarly journals Pathology and One Health implications of fatal Leptospira interrogans infection in an urbanized, free-ranging, black-tufted marmoset ( Callithrix penicilatta ) in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tais M. Wilson ◽  
Jana M. Ritter ◽  
Roosecelis B. Martines ◽  
Alexandra A. B. Gonçalves ◽  
Pamela Fair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Pulmonary Hemorrhage ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
First Time

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic neglected disease of worldwide public health concern. Leptospira species can infect a wide range of wild and domestic mammals and can lead to a spectrum of disease, including severe and fatal forms. Herein, we report for the first time a fatal Leptospira interrogans infection in a free-ranging nonhuman primate (NHP), a black-tufted marmoset. Icterus, pulmonary hemorrhage, interstitial nephritis and hepatocellular dissociation were the main findings raising the suspicion of leptospirosis. Diagnostic confirmation was based on specific immunohistochemical and PCR assays for Leptospira species. Immunolocalization of leptospiral antigens and identification of pathogenic species ( L. interrogans species) were important for better understanding the pathogenesis of disease. One Health related implications of free-ranging NHPs in anthropized areas and transmission dynamics of human and animal leptospirosis are discussed.

scholarly journals A five year trend analysis of malaria prevalence in Guba district, Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia: A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shemsia Alkadir ◽  
Tegenu Gelana ◽  
Araya Gebresilassie
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Public Health Concern

Abstract Background: In Ethiopia, malaria is a serious public health concern and has great impact on socio-economy. The trend analysis of malaria data from health facilities is useful for understanding its transmission dynamics and implementing evidence-based malaria control strategies. The aim of this study was to determine the trends of malaria infection in Guba district, northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken at Mankush Health Centre, northwest Ethiopia. All malaria cases reported from 2014 to 2018 were carefully reviewed from the laboratory record books to determine the trends of malaria morbidity. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: In total, 16,964 malaria suspects were diagnosed using microscopy over the last 5 years, of which 8,658 (51.04%) were confirmed positive cases. Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, and mixed infection (both species) accounted for 75.2, 24.5% and 0.28% of the cases, respectively. Males patients were more affected (n=5,028, 58.1%) than female ones (n=3,630, 41.9%). Of the total confirmed cases, 60.4% were adults (≥ 15 years) followed by 22.6% of 5-14 years and 15.9% of under 5 years. High malaria prevalence was observed in spring (September to November) season, while the least was observed in autumn (March to May) with the prevalence of 45.6% and 11.5%, respectively. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that malaria is a public health concern in the study area, wherein P. falciparum is the predominant species followed by P. vivax. Therefore, it is deemed necessary to enhance malaria detection skill of laboratory technicians and implement evidence-based malaria control and prevention activities to considerably reduce the burden of malaria in the study area.

scholarly journals Current Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Options for the Management of Insomnia

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. CMT.S10239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred R. Pigeon ◽  
Todd M. Bishop ◽  
Jonathan A. Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Care Costs

Insomnia continues to be a major public health concern and to have a pronounced and detrimental effect on health care costs, productivity, and quality of life. Efficacious pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions have emerged over the past few decades, giving providers several options for addressing this disruptive condition; these are herein reviewed. Benzodiazepines have long been the pharmacological treatment of choice for insomnia; however, novel hypnotics being developed by the pharmaceutical industry show promise in addressing insomnia with fewer side effects. From the nonpharmacological perspective, several different single-component interventions such as stimulus control have been shown to be effective, although a combination of these approaches (eg, cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia) also enjoy strong empirical support. Future research should continue to examine how sequencing of treatment components, treating different patient cohorts, and combinations of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments influence patient outcome.

Translating a Proven Pediatric Healthy Homes Asthma Intervention to Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Ramsay ◽  
Tala Schwindt ◽  
Thu Nguyen ◽  
Helen Margellos-Anast
Keyword(s):  
Health Concern ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Environmental Assessments ◽  
Healthy Homes ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Urban Minority ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Asthma Intervention

Asthma is a serious public health concern, disproportionately affecting urban, minority populations. Chicago’s West and Southwest sides are among the most burdened by asthma and environmental conditions that exacerbate asthma. Home-based, community health worker (CHW)–led interventions have repeatedly demonstrated effectiveness in addressing pediatric asthma. However, evidence of such interventions among adults is limited. Helping Chicago’s Westside Adults Breathe and Thrive is a longitudinal cohort study that assesses the effectiveness of a CHW-led asthma and healthy homes intervention for adults. One of the first of its kind, the program aims to improve asthma control and quality of life among adults with poorly controlled asthma. This article provides a framework for implementing the intervention from start to finish. CHWs make five or six home visits over the course of 12 months, providing comprehensive and individualized asthma education to study participants. They work closely with participants to conduct home environmental assessments, collaboratively developing techniques to eliminate or avoid asthma triggers. They also assist with smoking cessation, comorbidities, and health system navigation. Between December 1, 2013, and August 31, 2015, 202 participants enrolled in the program. This article reports on successes, challenges, and recommendations from the program’s first 21 months of operation.

scholarly journals QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF BREAKFAST OF CHILDREN AGED 2.0 TO 12.9 YEARS IN INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heryudarini Harahap ◽  
Yekti Widodo ◽  
Sandjaja Sandjaja ◽  
Ilse Khouw ◽  
Paul Deurenberg
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Breakfast Consumption ◽  
Nutrition Study ◽  
Parent Characteristics ◽  
Good Food

Doing breakfast among children is a public health concern as seen at one of the messages in ‘Indonesian balanced nutrition which state ‘breakfast every day’. The aim of this analysis is to determine the quantity and quality of Indonesian children’s breakfast based on children and parent characteristics, as well as nutritional status. Subjects were 2629 children, aged 2.0–12.9 years, included in the Southeast Asian Nutrition Study. The amount of the breakfast is categorized as very inadequate if <15 percent; inadequate if 15 to < 25 percent; or adequate if ≥ 25 percent of the Indonesian RDA. The quality of breakfast was categorized as ‘not good’, if the breakfast skips one or more components of energy, protein and/or vitamins/minerals, or ‘good’ if the breakfast provides energy, protein and vitamins/minerals. The results indicated that on average only 31.6 percent of the children were categorized as having adequate breakfast consumption and 21.6 percent having good quality breakfast. Only 9.2 percent of children have adequate and good quality breakfast. Adequacy of breakfast differed between children, parent characteristics, and nutritional status, but only age has an association with the quality of breakfast (p<0.05). The nutrition education about good breakfast should be included as the part of curriculum, and school canteens provided a good food, as well as a campaign about Indonesian balanced nutrition slogan number 1 ‘have breakfast every day’ should be socialized.

scholarly journals Emergence of blaTEM Type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Salmonella spp. in the Urban Area of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilruba Ahmed ◽  
Abu Iftiaf Md. Salah Ud-Din ◽  
Syeda Umme Habiba Wahid ◽  
Razib Mazumder ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Paratyphi B ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Over Time

Salmonellosis, an acute invasive enteric infection, is endemic in Bangladesh. We analyzed 128,312 stool samples of diarrheal patients to identify Salmonella spp. during 2005–2013. A total of 2120 (1.7%) Salmonella spp. were isolated and the prevalence of Salmonella spp. decreased significantly over time (2→1%, P<0.001). Among the typhoidal Salmonella (TS) serogroups, S. Typhi was predominant (404, [65.1%]) followed by S. Paratyphi B (139, [22.4%]) and S. Paratyphi A (78, [12.6%]). Of the nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) isolates, the serogroup C1 (560, [37%]) was predominant followed by B (379, [25%]), C2 (203, [14%]), E (127, [9%]), and D (94, [6%]). Most of the resistance was found towards nalidixic acid (40%), ampicillin (36%), cotrimoxazole (20%), chloramphenicol (13%), ciprofloxacin (4%), and ceftriaxone (4%). Interestingly, 32% of the isolates showed reduced susceptibility to Cip. Multiantibiotic resistance (MAR, ≥3 drugs) was more common among TS than NTS strains (P<0.001). Among the representative ceftriaxone-resistant isolates, blaTEM gene was detected among 88% (7/8) of the strains, whereas only one strain of S. Typhi was positive for both blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes. The study reflects higher prevalence of MAR Salmonella spp. and is the first to report the blaTEM gene mediated ESBL production among Salmonellae in Bangladesh. Emergence of MAR Salmonella spp. in particular ESBL strains should be considered a public health concern.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Characteristics of Road Traffic Injuries Involving Children in Three Central American Countries, 2012–2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Virginia Núñez-Samudio ◽  
Francisco Mayorga-Marín ◽  
Humberto López Castillo ◽  
Iván Landires
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Central American ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Injury Mortality ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Over Time

Although motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are a worldwide public health concern due to their high injury, mortality, and fatality rates, few studies have addressed the epidemiologic behavior of MVCs in Latin American youth. Thus, this study was aimed at describing and comparing the characteristics of MVCs involving 0 to 14-year-olds in Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Panama. A secondary aim was to estimate the crude MVC-related injury, fatality, and mortality rates and their trends over time. We conducted a descriptive, retrospective study using publicly available data for Costa Rica, Panama, and Guatemala between 2012 and 2015. We examined the reported MVC cases and calculated the crude injury, fatality, and mortality rates and their trends over time (α = 0.05). Publicly available data reported 12,020 MVC-related injuries and 431 MVC-related deaths involving 0 to 14-year-olds. The most frequent mechanisms involved 0 to 14-year-olds as passengers or pedestrians in MVCs (>85% of all cases). The highest crude MVC-related injury and mortality rates were reported for Panama (119.35 and 2.14 per 100,000 population, respectively, in 0 to 14-years-olds), while Guatemala had the highest median MVC-related fatality rate (8.84 per 100,000 events; χ2 [2] = 377.8; p < 0.001) with a statistically significant trend increasing over time (r = 0.947; p = 0.027). Although several factors play a role in the prevention of MVCs among 0 to 14-year-olds, we found that Costa Rica was the only country that implemented a policy on child restraint systems resulting in the lowest rates of MVC-related injury, mortality, and fatality. These results could be used by decision makers from the aforementioned Central American countries to develop adequate policies addressing MVC preventative strategies to protect Central American infants and children.

scholarly journals Peripheral Nerve Injury Treatments and Advances: One Health Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Lopes ◽  
Patrícia Sousa ◽  
Rui Alvites ◽  
Mariana Branquinho ◽  
Ana Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
One Health ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Function Impairment

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) can have several etiologies, such as trauma and iatrogenic interventions that can lead to the loss of structure and/or function impairment. These changes can cause a partial or complete loss of motor and sensory functions, physical disability, and neuropathic pain, what in turn can affect the quality of life. For those reasons, PNI is a major public health concern. This review aims to revisit the concepts associated with the PNI. First, the anatomy of the peripheral nerve is detailed to explain the different types of injury. Then, some of the available therapeutic strategies are explained, including surgical methods, pharmacological therapies, and the use of cell-based therapies alone or in combination with biomaterials in the form of tube guides. Nevertheless, even with the various available treatments, it is difficult to achieve a perfect outcome with complete functional recovery. This review aims to explain the urge for new approaches and to understand the methods to evaluate nerve regeneration in a One Health perspective. In vitro models followed by in vivo models are very important to be able to translate the achievements to human medicine.

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