scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C among intravenous drug abusers in the Lebanese population

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (02.1) ◽  
pp. 28S
Author(s):  
Mary Nakhoul ◽  
Carine Richa ◽  
Afif Jreij ◽  
Antoine Abou Rached
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern

Introduction: Injection drug users (IVDU) are prone to many blood born viral infections. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) constitute an important public health concern in this high-risk group. The aim of the study is to calculate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Lebanon. Methodology: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study between June 2015 and June 2016 on PWIDs recruited through the Lebanese non-governmental organizations in collaboration with the Lebanese ministry of public health. The participants were tested for HBs Antigen and HCV antibody using rapid test kits. The prevalence of each virus was then calculated. The correlation between both infections and other possible risk factors was also analyzed. Results: A total of 250 people were included in our study. 98% were males. Mean age was 31.9-year-old. The prevalence of HBV and HCV among PWID was 1.2% and 15.6%, respectively. Older age, longer duration of drug use, and the lack of awareness were found to be significantly correlated with higher rate of HCV infection. We noted a relatively high rate of sharing needles among PWIDs without significantly affecting the prevalence of both viruses. Conclusion: IVDU remains a major public health concern in Lebanon, being one of the most prevalent subpopulations for chronic viral hepatitis namely the HCV. Appropriate screening strategies, targeted educational programs and adequate HBV vaccination are of extreme importance for further viral prevention among this high-risk group.

scholarly journals OCCURRENCE OF HEPATITIS B AND HEPATITIS C AND THEIR DUAL INFECTIONS: A GREAT PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
Sardana Vandana ◽  
Verma Sameer R
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Hbs Antigen ◽  
B Virus

Introduction-Viral hepatitis is one of the major public health concern worldwide. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are of great concern due to their association with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Aims & Objectives-i)To determine the frequency of Hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV antibodies in patients coming to a tertiary care teaching hospital ii)To estimate the occurrence of co-infection with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus iii) To analyse the risk factors associated with hepatitis B, hepatitis C and their co-infections. Method- This prospective study included serum samples which were subjected to detection of HBs antigen and anti-HCV antibodies using rapid immunochromatographic card tests, which were further confirmed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results- Out of total of 12,502 cases, the seropositivity of HBs antigen and anti-HCV antibodies was found to be 3.6% (452 /12,502) and 6.1% (758 /12,502) respectively. The frequency of co-infection (HBs antigen and anti-HCV antibodies) was found to be 0.8% (99 /12,502). Male to female ratio for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and co-infection was 2.1:1, 1.6:1and 2.3:1, respectively. The commonest risk factor associated with seropositivity of HBV was intravenous drug use, followed by blood / blood components transfusion. Hepatitis C infection was most commonly seen with blood / blood components transfusion, followed by intravenous drug use. Conclusions: Counseling and health education regarding the safe injection practices, safe sexual practices , screening of blood / blood products and vaccination against HBV are the essential steps to combat viral hepatitis.

Safety of Aspirin Use in Patients With Stroke and Small Unruptured Aneurysms

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. e19-e29
Author(s):  
Jian-Cong Weng ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Xin Du ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Yu-Ming Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Aneurysm Rupture ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms

ObjectiveWe initiated a multicenter, prospective cohort study to test the hypothesis that aspirin is safe for patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) harboring unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) <7 mm.MethodsThis prospective, multicenter cohort study consecutively enrolled 1,866 eligible patients with ICVD harboring UIAs <7 mm in diameter from 4 hospitals between January 2016 and August 2019. Baseline and follow-up patient information, including the use of aspirin, was recorded. The primary endpoint was aneurysm rupture.ResultsAfter a total of 4,411.4 person-years, 643 (37.2%) patients continuously received aspirin treatment. Of all included patients, rupture occurred in 12 (0.7%). The incidence rate for rupture (IRR) was 0.27 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15–0.48) per 100 person-years. The IRRs were 0.39 (95% CI 0.21–0.72) and 0.06 (95% CI 0.010–0.45) per 100 person-years for the nonaspirin and aspirin groups, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, uncontrolled hypertension and UIAs 5 to <7 mm were associated with a high rate of aneurysm rupture, whereas aspirin use was associated with a low rate of aneurysm rupture. Compared with other groups, the high-risk group (UIAs 5 to <7 mm with concurrent uncontrolled hypertension) without aspirin had higher IRRs.ConclusionAspirin is a safe treatment for patients with concurrent small UIAs and ICVD. Patients who are not taking aspirin in the high-risk group warrant intensive surveillance.ClinicalTrials.gov IdentifierNCT02846259.Classification of EvidenceThis study provides Class III evidence that for patients harboring UIAs <7 mm with ICVD, aspirin does not increase the risk of aneurysm rupture.

scholarly journals COMBINED ANTIVIRAL THERAPY OF HEPATITIS C ASSOCIATED WITH VIRAL HEPATITIS B AND MULTIPLE SOMATIC DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH BURDENED ONCOLOGICAL HISTORY

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
V. B Poluektova ◽  
E. V Volchkova
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Viral Hepatitis B ◽  
Somatic Diseases

Patients underwent many surgical interventions are referred to a high risk group on morbidity by viral hepatitis. Mixt replications of viruses of hepatitis В (VHB) and С occur rarely. Obstetricians and gynaecologists fail to recommend the implementation of IVF procedure for women with the burdened gynaecological history due to viral hepatitis В and С and the pronounced fibrosis of liver tissue. We showed that for such patients antiviral therapy (AVT) started in good time allows to stop the replication of virus of hepatitis C, considerably to decline the VHВ loading and diminish the activity of process of fibrogenesis that, consequently, gives a chance for performance of IVF procedure.

scholarly journals The Role of Sarcopenic Obesity in Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: A Synthesis of the Evidence on Pathophysiological Aspects and Clinical Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4339
Author(s):  
Erika Aparecida Silveira ◽  
Rômulo Roosevelt da Silva Filho ◽  
Maria Claudia Bernardes Spexoto ◽  
Fahimeh Haghighatdoost ◽  
Nizal Sarrafzadegan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence

Obesity is globally a serious public health concern and is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and various types of cancers. It is important to evaluate various types of obesity, such as visceral and sarcopenic obesity. The evidence on the associated risk of CVD, cancer and sarcopenic obesity, including pathophysiological aspects, occurrence, clinical implications and survival, needs further investigation. Sarcopenic obesity is a relatively new term. It is a clinical condition that primarily affects older adults. There are several endocrine-hormonal, metabolic and lifestyle aspects involved in the occurrence of sarcopenic obesity that affect pathophysiological aspects that, in turn, contribute to CVD and neoplasms. However, there is no available evidence on the role of sarcopenic obesity in the occurrence of CVD and cancer and its pathophysiological interplay. Therefore, this review aims to describe the pathophysiological aspects and the clinical and epidemiological evidence on the role of sarcopenic obesity related to the occurrence and mortality risk of various types of cancer and cardiovascular disease. This literature review highlights the need for further research on sarcopenic obesity to demonstrate the interrelation of these various associations.

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