scholarly journals EXPLORING ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE. AN INVESTIGATION ON EU ECONOMIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Badulescu ◽  
Alina Badulescu ◽  
Ramona Simut ◽  
Dorin Bac ◽  
Elena-Ana Iancu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Eu

Designing and implementing relevant and effective environmental policies and fostering green and environmental-friendly approaches and behaviors are constant aims for policy makers all over the world. Concurrently, implementing environmental policies involves significant economic and financial efforts, in order to repair environmental damage and to prevent future negative environmental consequences. How effective are the environmental expenditures and how are they related to the economic growth, i.e. the GDP level, are issues of major concern at a governmental level. In this article we are examining the relation between GDP and environmental expenditure, by using statistical data available for EU economies, for the time period 1995-2013. We found that the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis is supported in most of the EU economies, both for government environmental protection and specialized providers, public and private environmental protection. Further and deeper analyses performed showed different situations for specific countries and even a negative relation between GDP and government environmental protection for specific cases.

11. Private law and environmental protection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Bell ◽  
Donald McGillivray ◽  
Ole W. Pedersen ◽  
Emma Lees ◽  
Elen Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Essential Characteristic ◽  
Environmental Liability ◽  
Public Nuisance ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Eu

This chapter focuses on the torts—or civil wrongs—traditionally relied on in environmental litigation: private and public nuisance, trespass, negligence, and the rule in Rylands v. Fletcher. It discusses and outlines statutory nuisance and various instances of statutory civil liability, some of which go beyond providing remedies for individuals and provide for wider environmental clean-up. Traditionally, private law has attempted to serve the function of controlling environmental damage. However, the chapter shows that the similarity is often superficial; the essential characteristic of private law is to regulate relationships between individuals by the balancing of individual interests. It concludes by briefly considering the EU Environmental Liability Directive, which has some similarities with private law remedies but is primarily an administrative mechanism for environmental remediation in defined situations.

scholarly journals Freedom of the press, inequality and environmental policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-560
Author(s):  
Inma Martínez-Zarzoso ◽  
Jennifer Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Freedom Of The Press ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
The Press ◽  
Using Data

AbstractThis paper contributes to the literature on the determinants of environmental standards by studying the role of income inequality and freedom of the press. Given that evidence of the environmental Kuznets curve has only been found for some countries, it is thus crucial to investigate whether other factors besides income per capita levels may be affecting countries' decisions to pass environmentally-friendly legislation. We investigate the effects that inequality and freedom of the press have on environmental stringency for a sample of OECD and BRIICS countries and a global sample of 82 countries using data over the period 1994–2015. We hypothesize that the more unequal a society is, and the greater the oppression of the press is, the less stringent environmental policies are. The results partially confirm our hypothesis. In particular, lack of press freedom is negatively correlated with environmental stringency, whereas inequality shows a non-linear effect only for non-high-income countries.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN PENDUDUK, INFLASI DAN KORUPSI: ANALISIS EMPIRIS ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE (EKC) DI KAWASAN ASEAN PERIODE 2002-2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fajri Setia Trianto ◽  
Evi Yulia Purwanti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

The economy that continues to grow has the impact of environmental damage. This study aims to prove empirically the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis by analyzing the relationship of economic growth with environmental damage as measured by GDP per capita, and CO2 emissions. The data used are secondary data in the form of data on GDP per capita, CO2 emissions, population growth, inflation, and control of corruption in 10 countries in the ASEAN region in 2002-2016. Data analysis using the Fixed Effect model. The results show that there is a relationship between economic growth and environmental damage that forms an inverted U curve. Economic growth will initially have a positive effect on environmental damage so that at a point of economic growth negatively affects environmental damage. By adding control variables: population growth, inflation and corruption, inflation and corruption positively impact environmental damage, while population negatively affect environmental damage.

scholarly journals Administrative Liability for Causing Damage to Selected Components of the Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Branislav Cepek
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
Tort Law ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ecological Damage ◽  
Special Case ◽  
The Eu

The article deals with one of the most important and recent issues of the contemporary law of the Member States and the EU in the field of environment, which is criminal liability for environmental crimes which serves as a tool for promoting environmental protection. Environmental law can be divided into two basic types of environmental liability for damage to the environment and liability for damage. Liability for environmental damage is divided into civil liability for damage as well as liability of the public for ecological damage. A special case is liability for historical damage.The Directive on torts is divided into criminal liability and administrative liability. In this paper, the author focuses on the analysis of the contemporary Czech tort law in the field of biodiversity protection and considers several aspects of this a de lege ferenda issue.

scholarly journals Residential energy environmental Kuznets curve in the EU-28

Energy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 44-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del P. Pablo-Romero ◽  
Antonio Sánchez-Braza
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Residential Energy ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals Bridging the Trade-Environment Divide

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C Esty
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Environmental Enforcement ◽  
Trade Measures ◽  
Transboundary Externalities

Perceived conflict between trade liberalization and environmental protection can be traced to a number of issues. Some tensions relate to the environmental Kuznets curve and whether economic growth yields environmental benefits. Other concerns arise from efforts to address transboundary externalities and disputes over the role of trade measures as an environmental enforcement tool. Another set of issues centers on the risk of a race-toward-the-bottom regulatory dynamic and the limits of legitimate comparative advantage. This paper argues that, in an ecologically and economically interdependent world, trade and environmental policies are inescapably linked as a matter of descriptive reality and normative necessity.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Environmental Spending in China and the Environmental Kuznets Curve

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12141
Author(s):  
Lin Cui ◽  
Alistair Hunt ◽  
Bruce Morley
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Regional Data ◽  
Dynamic Panel

The aim of this study is to determine whether recent environmental spending in China has enabled it to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases in the context of an Environmental Kuznets Curve-based model and promote sustainable economic development. Following the Paris Agreement in 2015, there has been a coordinated effort to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and prevent the excessive warming of the climate. The study uses annual regional data across China and a dynamic panel data approach for estimating an EKC model which includes measures of the increased use of fossil fuels and the spending across China to reduce environmental damage The results suggest that the policies have been effective in controlling emissions across a variety of pollutants and that the EKC tends to hold in China but varies according to the pollutant. This suggests that these policies should be continued and where possible, extended.

scholarly journals Environmental Kuznets Curve: An Empirical Analysis in the Indian Context

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakshi Gambhir
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Cubic Form ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

The relationship between economic growth and environmental quality has been much under dispute. According to the EKC (Environmental Kuznets Curve) hypothesis, environmental damage increases in the early stages of economic growth, but diminishes once nations reach higher levels of income. While the notion EKC is well established, there is controversy about its shape, incidence and determinants. In this paper, we model EKC with the variables of GDP and CO2 emissions (aggregate and per capita) using alternative model specifications to bridge the gap between conventional and modern EKC literature. We also place the theoretical construct of EKC into a policy-oriented framework by incorporating the impact of four global policy periods namely, liberalisation, globalisation, world recovery and global financial crisis. We substantiate a cubic form of EKC in the Indian context for the time period 1991 to 2014. With aggregate CO2 emissions as the dependent variable, the linear, quadratic and cubic terms are all significant with the expected signs, which confirm an N-shaped EKC for India. Even with per capita emissions as the dependent variable, existence of an N-shaped EKC is established. In this case however, evidence on the cubic term is rather weak which points towards the difference in socio-psychological factors that influence the revival of upturn in the case of India. The policy period analysis does not show any distinct results, which could be due to contradictory effects on different variables and volatility in these variables.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document