scholarly journals CONDUCTIVITY TESTING AND EVALUATION / PAVIRŠINIŲ NUOTEKŲ FILTRO HIDRAULINIO LAIDUMO TYRIMAI IR VERTINIMAS

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-442
Author(s):  
Lygita Makaravičiūtė ◽  
Eglė Marčiulaitienė
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Aerated Concrete ◽  
Constant Head ◽  
Hydrus 1D

Surface wastewater is consideredas effluents, which are formed on the surface of urbanized areas. Stormwater treatment is performed out using a variety of filters: sand, grass. Wastewater penetration into the deeper layers is called hydraulic conductivity. After evaluation of the hydraulic conductivity, it is possible to determine the ability of the investigated fillers to entrap the stormwater flow. The hydraulic conductivity tests can indicate which fillers of stormwater filters may influence the more effective stormwater cleaning. Four stormwater filters were tested: crushed autoclaved aerated concrete filter; crushed autoclaved aerated concrete with Meadow grass (Poa pratensis) layer; silica sand filter with Meadow grass (Poa pratensis) layer; silica sand filter. Under in-situ conditions hydraulic conductivity in filters is investigated using Constant-head method. Mathematical modeling program Hydrus-1D presentsthe changes of hydraulic conductivity in each filler layer of the filter. Assessed hydraulic conductivity in filters under in-situ conditions hasn‘t changed only in crushed autoclaved aerated concrete filter (30 000 mm/d). The smallest hydraulic conductivity in filters under in-situ conditions was estimated in silica sand filter with Meadow grass (Poa pratensis) layer, here it was equal to 209.3 mm/d.With mathematical modeling program Hydrus-1D it was found that the hydraulic conductivity in each filter decreases, depending on the depth of filler in the filter. Paviršinėmis nuotekomis laikomos tokios, kurios susidaro ant urbanizuotos teritorijos paviršiaus. Paviršinių nuotekų valymas atliekamas taikant įvairius filtrus – smėlio, augalinius. Nuotekų skverbimasis į gilesnius sluoksnius vadinamas hidrauliniu laidumu. Įvertinus hidraulinį laidumą galima nustatyti tiriamų filtro užpildų gebėjimą sulaikyti atitekėjusių paviršinių nuotekų srautą filtro užpilduose. Atlikus hidraulinio laidumo tyrimus, galima nustatyti, kurie paviršinių nuotekų filtro užpildai gali lemti efektyvesnį paviršinių nuotekų išvalymą. Tiriami keturi paviršinių nuotekų filtrai: smulkinto autoklavinio akytojo betono filtras; smulkinto autoklavinio akytojo betono ir pievinės miglės dangos filtras; kvarcinio smėlio filtras su pievinės miglės danga; kvarcinio smėlio filtras. Natūrinėmis sąlygomis hidraulinio laidumo tyrimas atliekamas, taikant Constant-Head metodą. Matematinio modeliavimo programa Hydrus-1D pateikiama, kaip kinta hidraulinis laidumas kiekviename filtro užpildo sluoksnyje. Nustatytas hidraulinis laidumas filtruose natūrinėmis sąlygomis nekito smulkinto autoklavinio akytojo betono filtre (30 000 mm/d). Mažiausias hidraulinis laidumas natūrinėmis sąlygomis nustatytas kvarcinio smėlio filtre su pievinės miglės (Poa pratensis) augalinės dangos sluoksniu, čia jis nustatytas 209,3 mm/d. Matematinio modeliavimo programa Hydrus-1D nustatyta, kad hidraulinis laidumas filtruose mažėja priklausomai nuo filtro užpildo gylio.

In situ seismic testing of a reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete building

ce/papers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-258
Author(s):  
Furkan Gokmen ◽  
Baris Binici ◽  
Erdem Canbay ◽  
Alper Aldemir ◽  
Mustafa Kagan Ogdu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Testing ◽  
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete ◽  
Concrete Building ◽  
Aerated Concrete

A constant-head pumping test method using direct-push equipment for in situ hydraulic conductivity measurements

Géotechnique ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. KOBAYASHI ◽  
H. ONOUE ◽  
S. OBA ◽  
N. YASUFUKU ◽  
K. OMINE
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Direct Push ◽  
Constant Head

D-45 Development of In Situ X-ray Diffraction System for Hydrothermal Reaction and Its Application to Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Formation

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-210
Author(s):  
J. Kikuma ◽  
M. Tsunashima ◽  
T. Ishikawa ◽  
S. Matsuno ◽  
K. Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete ◽  
Aerated Concrete

An assessment of the single-head analysis for the constant head well permeameter

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Reynolds ◽  
G. C. Topp ◽  
S. R. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Constant Head ◽  
The Many

An in-situ constant head well permeameter (CHWP) method employing three or more ponded heads per well was used to establish relationships between field-saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs), matric flux potential [Formula: see text], the alpha parameter (α*), soil texture, and soil structure. The relationships were then used to evaluate a single-head CHWP technique which employs representative mean α* values in the determination of Kfs and [Formula: see text]. The measurements were made at several depths on four soils which ranged in texture from loamy sand to silty clay, and in structure from single grain to strong, fine subangular blocky. The Kfs and [Formula: see text] results obtained from the multiple-head CHWP measurements were found to be highly variable within and between soils, yielding within-soil ranges as high as 3.5 orders of magnitude and standard deviation factors (SDF) as high as 5.1. The geometric mean (GM) Kfs and [Formula: see text] values were also highly variable between soils, but they were controlled primarily by soil structure rather than by soil texture or other factors. The α* values, on the other hand, were relatively consistent both within and between soils, yielding an overall SDF of only 1.2 and an overall GM of 11 m−1. Use of α* = 11 m−1 in the single-head CHWP technique yielded Kfs and [Formula: see text] values which were usually accurate to within a factor of 2, and often accurate to within ±25%. These levels of accuracy are within acceptable limits for a field method, considering the many potential sources of error and the extreme range and variability of Kfs and [Formula: see text] normally encountered in the field. Key words: Constant head well permeameter, hydraulic conductivity, matric flux potential, alpha parameter, soil texture, soil structure, single-head analysis

scholarly journals CONDUTIVIDADE HIDRÁULICA DO SOLO SATURADO NA ZONA VADOSA IN SITU E EM LABORATÓRIO

Irriga ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-422
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Trevisan ◽  
Luiz Felipe Salemi ◽  
Jorge Marcus de Moraes ◽  
Julio Cesar Martins de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Fundamental Parameter ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Constant Head ◽  
Guelph Permeameter

 CONDUTIVIDADE HIDRÁULICA DO SOLO SATURADO NA ZONA VADOSA IN SITU E EM LABORATÓRIO  Rodrigo Trevisan1; Luiz Felippe Salemi1;  Jorge Marcos de Moraes1;  Júlio Cesar Martins de Oliveira(4)(1)Laboratório de Ecologia Isotópica, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP,  e-mail: [email protected] (4)Laboratório de Física de Solos, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP  1 RESUMO A condutividade hidráulica do solo é uma propriedade fundamental na determinação da dinâmica da água e de solutos em solos saturados e não - saturados, sendo útil na resolução de problemas relacionados à preservação do meio ambiente, da agricultura e dos recursos hídricos. Muitos métodos são empregados para a sua determinação em solos saturados, tanto em campo como em laboratório, cada um com suas vantagens e desvantagens. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de comparar um método de campo, o método do permeâmetro de carga constante (“Permeâmetro Guelph”), e um método de laboratório, também de carga constante usando amostras indeformadas de solo, em um solo classificado como Latossolo Vermelho Escuro, da região de Piracicaba - SP. Conclui-se que o método de campo e o método de laboratório não podem ser considerados diferentes. UNITERMOS: permeabilidade; zona não saturada; latossolo; permeâmetro guelph.  TREVISAN, R.; SALEMI, L. F.; MORAES, J. M.; OLIVEIRA, J. C. M. THE SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY IN THE VADOSE ZONE IN SITU AND IN LABORATORY  2 ABSTRACT The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil is a fundamental parameter to determine  water and solutes dynamics in the soil, and it is useful  to resolve problems related to environmental, agricultural and water resources preservation. Many methods are used for its determination, in field and in the laboratory, each one with its advantages and disadvantages. The main objective of the present work was to compare a field method, using a constant head permeameter (“Guelph Permeameter”), to a laboratory method also employing a constant head in undisturbed samples in a soil classified as dark red Latosol (Oxisol) in the area ofPiracicaba. The results show, through statistical analysis, that the values obtained by the field and laboratory methods cannot be considered different. KEYWORDS: permeability; unsaturated zone; oxisol;guelph permeameter.

In situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction of tobermorite formation in autoclaved aerated concrete: Influence of silica source reactivity and Al addition

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunio Matsui ◽  
Jun Kikuma ◽  
Masamichi Tsunashima ◽  
Tetsuji Ishikawa ◽  
Shin-ya Matsuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete ◽  
Silica Source ◽  
Aerated Concrete ◽  
Al Addition

scholarly journals Vertical hydraulic conductivity of a clayey-silt aquitard: accelerated fluid flow in a centrifuge permeameter compared with in situ conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3155-3212 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Timms ◽  
R. Crane ◽  
D. J. Anderson ◽  
S. Bouzalakos ◽  
M. Whelan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Centrifugal Force ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
K Value ◽  
Geotechnical Centrifuge ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Clayey Silt ◽  
Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Permeameter Tests

Abstract. Evaluating the possibility of leakage through low permeability geological strata is critically important for sustainable water supplies, extraction of fuels from strata such as coal beds, and confinement of waste within the earth. Characterizing low or negligible flow rates and transport of solutes can require impractically long periods of field or laboratory testing, but is necessary for evaluations over regional areas and over multi-decadal timescales. The current work reports a custom designed centrifuge permeameter (CP) system, which can provide relatively rapid and reliable hydraulic conductivity (K) measurement compared to column permeameter tests at standard gravity (1g). Linear fluid velocity through a low K porous sample is linearly related to g-level during a CP flight unless consolidation or geochemical reactions occur. The CP module is designed to fit within a standard 2 m diameter, geotechnical centrifuge with a capacity for sample dimensions of 30 to 100 mm diameter and 30 to 200 mm in length. At maximum RPM the resultant centrifugal force is equivalent to 550g at base of sample or a total stress of ~2 MPa. K is calculated by measuring influent and effluent volumes. A custom designed mounting system allows minimal disturbance of drill core samples and a centrifugal force that represents realistic in situ stress conditions is applied. Formation fluids were used as influent to limit any shrink-swell phenomena which may alter the resultant K value. Vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kv) results from CP testing of core from the sites in the same clayey silt formation varied (10−7 to 10−9 m s−1, n = 14) but higher than 1g column permeameter tests of adjacent core using deionized water (10−9 to 10−11 m s−1, n = 7). Results at one site were similar to in situ Kv values (3 × 10−9 m s−1) from pore pressure responses within a 30 m clayey sequence in a homogenous area of the formation. Kv sensitivity to sample heterogeneity was observed, and anomalous flow via preferential pathways could be readily identified. Results demonstrate the utility of centrifuge testing for measuring minimum K values that can contribute to assessments of geological formations at large scale. The importance of using realistic stress conditions and influent geochemistry during hydraulic testing is also demonstrated.

scholarly journals Estimating hydraulic conductivity of internal drainage for layered soils in situ

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4349-4366 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. W. Mavimbela ◽  
L. D. van Rensburg
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Layered Soils ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
K Function ◽  
Hydrus 1D

Abstract. The soil hydraulic conductivity (K function) of three layered soils cultivated at Paradys Experimental Farm, near Bloemfontein (South Africa), was determined from in situ drainage experiments and analytical models. Pre-ponded monoliths, isolated from weather and lateral drainage, were prepared in triplicate on representative sites of the Tukulu, Sepane and Swartland soil forms. The first two soils are also referred to as Cutanic Luvisols and the third as Cutanic Cambisol. Soil water content (SWC) was measured during a 1200 h drainage experiment. In addition soil physical and textural data as well as saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) were derived. Undisturbed soil core samples of 105 mm with a height of 77 mm from soil horizons were used to measure soil water retention curves (SWRCs). Parameterization of SWRC was through the Brooks and Corey model. Kosugi and van Genuchten models were used to determine SWRC parameters and fitted with a RMSE of less 2%. The SWRC was also used to estimate matric suctions for in situ drainage SWC following observations that laboratory and in situ SWRCs were similar at near saturation. In situ K function for horizons and the equivalent homogeneous profiles were determined. Model predictions based on SWRC overestimated horizons K function by more than three orders of magnitude. The van Genuchten–Mualem model was an exception for certain soil horizons. Overestimates were reduced by one or more orders of magnitude when inverse parameter estimation was applied directly to drainage SWC with HYDRUS-1D code. Best fits (R2 ≥ 0.90) were from Brooks and Corey, and van Genuchten–Mualem models. The latter also predicted the profiles' effective K function for the three soils, and the in situ based function was fitted with R2 ≥ 0.98 irrespective of soil type. It was concluded that the inverse parameter estimation with HYDRUS-1D improved models' K function estimates for the studied layered soils.

scholarly journals In situ seismic testing of a reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete building

Mauerwerk ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 305-313
Author(s):  
Baris Binici ◽  
Furkan Gokmen ◽  
Erdem Canbay ◽  
Alper Aldemir ◽  
Mustafa Kagan Ogdu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Testing ◽  
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete ◽  
Concrete Building ◽  
Aerated Concrete
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