scholarly journals RESEARCH INTO THE EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR BINARY MIXTURE ON THE CARDIO-RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF FISH LARVAE / SUNKIŲJŲ METALŲ IR JŲ BINARINIO MIŠINIO POVEIKIO ŽUVŲ KARDIORESPIRACINEI SISTEMAI ANKSTYVOJOJE ONTOGENEZĖJE TYRIMAI

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Aistė Liekytė ◽  
Raimondas Leopoldas Idzelis ◽  
Nijolė Kazlauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Ventilation Frequency ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
Gill Ventilation

This article investigates toxic effects of heavy metals (Ni, Cu) and their binary mixture (Ni+Cu) on the cardio-respiratory system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae depending on the type of metal, metal concentration and the duration of their exposure. The one-day larvae of rainbow trout were exposed to Ni (0,1; 0,2 mg/l, respectively), Cu (0,25; 0;5 mg/l, respectively) and their binary mixture. During long-term exposure (30 days), the physiological parameters of larvae, e.g. heart rate (counts/min), gill ventilation frequency (counts/min) after 5, 10 and 20 days of exposure were recorded. During experimental studies, the effects of heavy metals and their binary mixture on the heart rate and gill ventilation frequency of rainbow trout larvae depending on the type of metal, their concentrations and exposure duration were determined. Consequently, comparative studies on toxic effects of heavy metals and their binary mixture on the cardio-respiratory system of rainbow trout larvae showed that the binary mixture was more toxic to larvae than to single metals. Santrauka Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjamas sunkiųjų metalų (Ni, Cu) ir jų binarinio mišinio (Ni + Cu) toksinis poveikis vaivorykštinio upėtakio (Oncorhynchus mykiss) lervų kardiorespiracinei sistemai, priklausomai nuo veikiamo metalo rūšies, metalų koncentracijos ir ekspozicijos trukmės. Vaivorykštinio upėtakio vienadienės lervos buvo veikiamos Ni (0,1; 0,2 mg/l), Cu (0,25; 0,5 mg/l) ir jų binariniu mišiniu. Ilgalaikio tyrimo metu (30 parų) buvo registruojami lervų fiziologiniai rodikliai – širdies ir kvėpavimo dažniai (krt./min.) po 5, 10 ir 20 parų ekspozicijos. Atlikus eksperimentinius tyrimus, nustatytas sunkiųjų metalų ir jų binarinio mišinio poveikis vaivorykštinio upėtakio lervų širdies ir kvėpavimo dažniams, priklausomai nuo veikiamo metalo rūšies, koncentracijos ir ekspozicijos trukmės. Tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad atskirų sunkiųjų metalų (Ni, Cu) poveikis lervų kardiorespiracinei sistemai silpnesnis, nei veikiant metalų binariniu mišiniu.

How the efficiency of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ventricular muscle changes with cycle frequency

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L. Harwood ◽  
Iain S. Young ◽  
John D. Altringham
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Ventricular Muscle ◽  
Cycle Frequency ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

SUMMARYDifferent species of animals require different cardiac performance and, in turn, their cardiac muscle exhibits different properties. A comparative approach can reveal a great deal about the mechanisms underlying myocardial contraction. Differences in myocardial Ca2+ handling between fish and mammals suggest a greater energy cost of activation in fish. Further, while there is considerable evidence that heart rate (or cycle frequency) should have a profound effect on the efficiency of teleost cardiac muscle, this effect has been largely overlooked. We set out to determine how cycle frequency affects the power output and efficiency of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ventricular muscle and to relate this to the heart’s function in life. We measured power output and the rate of oxygen consumption (V̇O2) and then calculated efficiency over a physiologically realistic range of cycle frequencies.In contrast to mammalian cardiac muscle, in which V̇O2 increases with increasing heart rate, we found no significant change in V̇O2 in the teleost. However, power output increased by 25 % as cycle frequency was increased from 0.6 to 1.0 Hz, so net and total efficiency increased. A maximum total efficiency of 20 % was achieved at 0.8 Hz, whereas maximum power output occurred at 1.0 Hz. We propose that, since the heart operates continuously, high mechanical efficiency is a major adaptive advantage, particularly at lower heart rates corresponding to the more commonly used slower, sustainable swimming speeds. Efficiency was lower at the higher heart rates required during very fast swimming, which are used during escape or prey capture.If a fixed amount of Ca2+ is released and then resequestered each time the muscle is activated, the activation cost should increase with frequency. We had anticipated that this would have a large effect on the total energy cost of contraction. However, since V̇O2 remains constant, less oxygen is consumed per cycle at high frequencies. We suggest that a constant V̇O2 would be observed if the amount of activator Ca2+ were to decrease with frequency. This decrease in activation energy is consistent with the decrease in the systolic intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) transient with increasing stimulation frequency seen in earlier studies.

scholarly journals Importance of the coronary circulation for cardiac and metabolic performance in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss )

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 20180063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Ekström ◽  
Michael Axelsson ◽  
Albin Gräns ◽  
Jeroen Brijs ◽  
Erik Sandblom
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Coronary Artery Ligation ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Coronary Ligation ◽  
Metabolic Performance

Cardiac oxygenation is achieved via both coronary arterial and luminal venous oxygen supply routes in many fish species. However, the relative importance of these supplies for cardiac and aerobic metabolic performance is not fully understood. Here, we investigated how coronary artery ligation in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), implanted with heart rate loggers, affected cardiorespiratory performance in vivo . While coronary ligation significantly elevated resting heart rate, the standard metabolic rate was unchanged compared to sham-treated controls. However, coronary ligation reduced the maximum metabolic rate while heart rate remained unchanged following enforced exercise. Thus, coronary ligation reduced metabolic and heart rate scopes by 29% and 74%, respectively. Our findings highlight the importance of coronary oxygen supply for overall cardiorespiratory performance in salmonid fish, and suggest that pathological conditions that impair coronary flow (e.g. coronary arteriosclerosis) constrain the ability of fish to cope with metabolically demanding challenges such as spawning migrations and environmental warming.

IMMUNOMODULATION BY HEAVY METALS TESTED INDIVIDUALLY OR IN MIXTURES IN RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) EXPOSED IN VIVO

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Sanchez-Dardon ◽  
Isabelle Voccia ◽  
Alice Hontela ◽  
Stefan Chilmonczyk ◽  
Muriel Dunier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Toxic effects of orimulsion on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 281-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gintaras Svecevičius ◽  
Nijolė Kazlauskienė ◽  
Milda Z. Vosylienė
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

scholarly journals Responses to Acute Aquatic Hypoxia in Larvae of the Frog Rana Berlandieri

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN E. FEDER
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Total Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Loss ◽  
Anuran Larvae ◽  
Ventilation Frequency ◽  
Gill Ventilation ◽  
Rana Berlandieri

The oxygen consumption of larvae of the frog Rana berlandieri Baird was reduced during exposure to aquatic hypoxia at 25°C, and under severe hypoxia the larvae lost oxygen to the water. The larvae responded to aquatic hypoxia by increasing aerial oxygen consumption and lung ventilatory frequency, and also by altering their heart rate and gill ventilation frequency. Under severe or prolonged aquatic hypoxia without access to air, Rana larvae accumulated lactate. When prevented from breathing air, the larvae were unable to compensate fully by increasing their aquatic oxygen consumption. Body size or the interaction of body size and oxygen partial pressure significantly affected the aerial oxygen consumption, the total oxygen consumption and gill ventilation frequency, but did not affect other aspects of larval gas exchange. Anuran larvae resemble air-breathing fishes in some responses to aquatic hypoxia (e.g. increased dependence upon aerial oxygen uptake and changes in ventilatory frequencies), but are unusual in some ways (e.g. oxygen loss to the water). The interactions of body size and hypoxia are not sufficient to explain why so many anuran larvae without lungs are small.

scholarly journals Effects of Na+ channel isoforms and lipid membrane environment on temperature tolerance of cardiac Na+ current in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaakko Haverinen ◽  
Irina Dzhumaniiazova ◽  
Denis V. Abramochkin ◽  
Minna Hassinen ◽  
Matti Vornanen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Lipid Bilayer ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Inactivation Kinetics ◽  
Lipid Matrix

ABSTRACTHeat tolerance of heart rate in fish is suggested to be limited by impaired electrical excitation of the ventricle due to the antagonistic effects of high temperature on Na+ (INa) and K+ (IK1) ion currents (INa is depressed at high temperatures while IK1 is resistant to them). To examine the role of Na+ channel proteins and the lipid matrix of the channels in heat tolerance of INa, we compared temperature-dependencies of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ventricular INa, and INa generated by the cloned zebrafish and rainbow trout NaV1.4 and NaV1.5 Na+ channels in HEK cells. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings showed that zebrafish ventricular INa has better heat tolerance and slower inactivation kinetics than rainbow trout ventricular INa. In contrast, heat tolerance and inactivation kinetics of zebrafish and rainbow trout NaV1.4 channels are similar when expressed in the identical plasma membrane lipid matrix of HEK cells. The same applies to NaV1.5 channels. Thermal adaptation of the ventricular INa is largely achieved by differential expression of Na+ channel alpha subunits: zebrafish which tolerate well high temperatures mainly express the slower NaV1.5 isoform, while rainbow trout which prefer cold waters mainly express the faster NaV1.4 isoform. Differences in elasticity (stiffness) of the lipid bilayer may be also involved in thermal adaptation of INa. These findings suggest that both the protein component and its lipid bilayer matrix are involved in thermal adaptation of the voltage-gated Na+ channels and therefore in heart rate regulation under thermal stress in fish.

The sub-lethal toxic effects and bioconcentration of the human pharmaceutical atenolol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2013 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. S60
Author(s):  
Christoph Steinbach ◽  
Viktoriia Burkina ◽  
Ganna Federova ◽  
Katerina Grabicova ◽  
Josef Velisek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss
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