scholarly journals Mechanical properties of solid glass bricks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Fíla ◽  
Martina Eliášová ◽  
Zdeněk Sokol
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Flat Glass ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Solid Glass

Glass as one of the oldest building materials has been used for centuries to fill window openings. In recent years is it increasingly used also for load-bearing structural elements such as beams, columns, ribs, railings, etc. In addition to flat glass and hollow glass blocks, which have been used historically for non-load-bearing partitions and facades, new load bearing structures from solid glass bricks are arising. Their greater use is hampered by a lack of knowledge of their material properties. Also, their joining is difficult, as can be seen from the realized structures and published works focused on the glass bricks masonry. Most often, transparent adhesives or special mortars are used on the joint between glass bricks. In addition to some examples of completed glass brick structures, the paper is aimed at determining the material properties of glass bricks, which are a prerequisite for the design of safe structures. Two sets of experiments were performed. There were made three-point bending tests and compression tests to determine the bending tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and compressive strength of glass bricks.

scholarly journals Mycocomposites: looking for a viable alternative to EPS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vithoria Réggia Gomes Pessanha ◽  
Maria das Graças Machado Freire ◽  
Michel Picanço Oliveira ◽  
Bárbara Ferreira de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Compressive Resistance ◽  
Base Substrate

Mycocomposites have received special attention from both academic and commercial environments. These materials give a new purpose to agricultural residues, bringing benefits to companies, society and the environment. Currently, they have been studied to replace synthetic materials such as polyester. However, its field of application is still very limited, making it necessary for more research to be carried out. In this work, mycocomposites were produced in two configurations: without jute and with two jute arranged at 1/3 of the thickness in relation to the surfaces perpendicular to loading plains during bending and compression tests. The base substrate used consisted of coconut mesocarp, white wood sawdust and wheat grain pre-myceliated by the fungus Pycnopurus sanguineus. Analysis by confocal microscopy showed that the fungus produced a network of mycelial hyphae capable of uniting substrate components and incorporated jute. Composites’ mechanical properties were evaluated from three-point bending tests and compression tests. The Shapiro-Wilk tests showed that all determined mechanical properties are normally distributed. The highest compressive resistance (10% deformation) was found in the mycocomposite without jute. The analysis of variance showed that the mean flexural strength of the two configurations analyzed did not present any statistically significant difference; despite this, the composite without jute proved to be more rigid. It was verified that the flexural strength of the produced mycocomposites is located between the values found for the expanded polystyrenes EPS 100 and EPS 150, but that their compressive strength was lower. At first, the materials produced in this work exhibited the necessary properties to be applied in simple pieces such as lampshades, packaging, and plant vases. However, it is still necessary that new studies are carried out to verify the feasibility of its application in the field of engineering, such as in civil construction panels, where EPS are used.

scholarly journals Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Hemp-Fibre Biocomposites Fabricated with Biobased and Regular Epoxy Resins

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Colomer-Romero ◽  
Dante Rogiest ◽  
Juan Antonio García-Manrique ◽  
Jose Enrique Crespo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Green Composites ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastics

Bio- and green composites are mainly used in non-structural automotive elements like interior panels and vehicle underpanels. Currently, the use of biocomposites as a worthy alternative to glass fibre-reinforced plastics (GFRPs) in structural applications still needs to be fully evaluated. In the current study, the development of a suited biocomposites started with a thorough review of the available raw materials, including both reinforcement fibres and matrix materials. Based on its specific properties, hemp appeared to be a very suitable fibre. A similar analysis was conducted for the commercially available biobased matrix materials. Greenpoxy 55 (with a biocontent of 55%) and Super Sap 100 (with a biocontent of 37%) were selected and compared with a standard epoxy resin. Tensile and three-point bending tests were conducted to characterise the hemp-based biocomposite.

scholarly journals Influence of the Infill Orientation on the Properties of Zirconia Parts Produced by Fused Filament Fabrication

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Cano ◽  
Tanja Lube ◽  
Philipp Huber ◽  
Alberto Gallego ◽  
Juan Alfonso Naranjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Moisture Evaporation ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fill Pattern ◽  
The Many

The fused filament fabrication (FFF) of ceramics enables the additive manufacturing of components with complex geometries for many applications like tooling or prototyping. Nevertheless, due to the many factors involved in the process, it is difficult to separate the effect of the different parameters on the final properties of the FFF parts, which hinders the expansion of the technology. In this paper, the effect of the fill pattern used during FFF on the defects and the mechanical properties of zirconia components is evaluated. The zirconia-filled filaments were produced from scratch, characterized by different methods and used in the FFF of bending bars with infill orientations of 0°, ±45° and 90° with respect to the longest dimension of the specimens. Three-point bending tests were conducted on the specimens with the side in contact with the build platform under tensile loads. Next, the defects were identified with cuts in different sections. During the shaping by FFF, pores appeared inside the extruded roads due to binder degradation and or moisture evaporation. The changes in the fill pattern resulted in different types of porosity and defects in the first layer, with the latter leading to earlier fracture of the components. Due to these variations, the specimens with the 0° infill orientation had the lowest porosity and the highest bending strength, followed by the specimens with ±45° infill orientation and finally by those with 90° infill orientation.

Mechanical properties of several nickel-titanium alloy wires in three-point bending tests

1999 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Nakano ◽  
Kazuro Satoh ◽  
Robert Norris ◽  
Tomoaki Jin ◽  
Tetsuya Kamegai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of laterally loaded threaded rods embedded in softwood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haris Stamatopoulos ◽  
Francesco Mirko Massaro ◽  
Jalal Qazi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Core Diameter ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
The Core ◽  
Threaded Fasteners ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Screw Threads ◽  
Laterally Loaded

AbstractAt present, the mechanical properties of laterally loaded threaded fasteners with large diameters embedded in timber elements remain unknown. An experimental study of laterally loaded threaded rods with wood screw threads embedded perpendicular to grain in softwood elements (spruce and pine glulam and spruce LVL) is presented in this paper. Embedment tests with the load acting parallel and perpendicular to grain were carried out and the embedment strength and stiffness were quantified. For some test series, the experimental embedment strengths were lower compared to the predictions according to Eurocode 5 in terms of both mean and characteristic values. This finding indicates that the predictions by Eurocode 5 are not always conservative. To investigate the effect of the thread, additional series of embedment tests were carried out with smooth dowels featuring a diameter approximately equal to the core diameter of the threaded rods. Finally, the yielding moment of threaded rods was quantified based on a series of three-point bending tests of threaded rods. The experimentally determined yielding moment was significantly higher than the prediction of Eurocode 5.

scholarly journals Maize brace root biomechanics are determined by geometry within a genotype and material properties between genotypes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Erndwein ◽  
Elahe Ganji ◽  
Ashley N. Hostetler ◽  
Adam Stager ◽  
Megan L. Killian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Bending Modulus ◽  
Root Biomechanics

ABSTRACTCrop plants are susceptible to yield loss by mechanical failure, which is called lodging. In maize (Zea mays), aerial nodal brace roots impart mechanical stability to plants, with previous studies showing that the lowest whorl of brace roots contributes the most. The features of brace roots that determine their contribution to mechanical stability are poorly defined. Here we tested the hypothesis that brace root mechanical properties vary between whorls, which may influence their contribution to mechanical stability. 3-point bending tests were used to determine that brace roots from the lowest whorl have the highest structural mechanical properties regardless of growth stage, and that these differences are largely due to brace root geometry within a genotype. Analysis of the brace root bending modulus determined that differences between genotypes are attributable to both geometry and material properties. These results support the role of brace root biomechanics to determine the brace root contribution to mechanical stability.HIGHLIGHTBrace root biomechanics vary within and between genotypes. These results support the importance of biomechanics to define the contribution of brace roots to mechanical stability.

Study on Automobile Body Performance of Honeycomb Sandwich Composite Material

2012 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Mei Fan ◽  
Jian Feng Wang ◽  
Cheng Jin Duan ◽  
Xiang Xin Xia ◽  
Zhao Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sandwich Structure ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Sandwich Composite ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Honeycomb Sandwich ◽  
Core Thickness ◽  
Honeycomb Sandwich Structure

In order to analyze the mechanical properties of Carbon/epoxy facings-Aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure, we simulated panels of different layers and core thickness using ABAQUS finite element analysis program. And three-point bending tests and shear tests were made on the same panels using electronic universal testing machine. In addition, we also made the same three-point bending tests on steel tubes to get a comparison with honeycomb sandwich panels. It could be seen that, the simulated results were basically identified with experimental results. The results indicated that core thickness played an important role in the panels’ bulking modulus, and number of carbon fiber layers decided the shear strength. As a whole, honeycomb sandwich structure was suitable for use in the car body with good mechanical properties under premise of lighter.

Effects of Bending Cyclic Load on Mechanical Properties of 2D Carbon Cloth Laminated C/C Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 157-158 ◽  
pp. 792-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Yang ◽  
He Jun Li ◽  
Kua Hai Yu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cyclic Load ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Bending cyclic fatigue tests of 2D laminated C/C composites were conducted under load control at a sinusoidal frequency of 10 Hz. And three-point bending tests of fatigued specimens with various cycles were conducted at room temperature to evaluate the effects of cyclic load on mechanical properties. 2D C/C specimens were prepared by an isothermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The mechanical properties of composites were improved after cyclic loading at most the flexural strength by about 46% and the modulus 38%. The results show that the flexural properties of C/C composites were enhanced with the increase in fatigue cycles. It is suggested that the weakened interface between matrix and fibers by cyclic load play important roles in enhancing the property of C/C composites.

Residual Compressive Strength of Lightweight Foamed Concrete after Exposure to High Temperatures

2015 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Azree Othuman Mydin ◽  
Mohd Yazid Mohd Yunos ◽  
Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi ◽  
Adi Irfan Che Ani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Residual Compressive Strength ◽  
Normal Weight Concrete ◽  
Foamed Concrete ◽  
Resistance Performance

Even though lightweight foamed concrete has low mechanical properties compared to normal weight concrete, there is a potential of using this material as partition or load-bearing wall in low-rise residential construction. Before it can be considered for use as a load-bearing element in the building industry, it is necessary to acquire reliable information of its mechanical properties at ambient and high temperatures for quantification of its fire resistance performance. This paper will present the results of experiments that have been carried out to examine and characterize the residual compressive strength of foamed concrete after high temperatures. Foamed concrete with 700 kg/m3 and 1000 kg/m3 density were cast and tested. The compression tests were carried out at ambient temperature, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600°C.

Effects of Thickness of a Mineral Layer of Granite and Marble on the Mechanical Properties of a Bilayer Material: Case of Granites

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bachir Koladé Adédokun Ambelohoun ◽  
Chakirou Akanho Toukourou ◽  
Guy Clarence Semassou ◽  
Jean Lois Fannou ◽  
Malahimi Anjorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Mineral Layer ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Bending Resistance ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Compressive Resistance

The present work is dedicated to the study of the mechanical properties of a bilayer material. This material consists of a mortar substrate and a mineral layer of granite or marble. The mixture of these two constituents of different characteristics gives a material whose properties will vary depending on the density of each constituent. The standardized testing on sand and the three point bending and compression tests are among other methods used for the evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of the specimens of 4 cm × 4 cm × 16 cm dimensions. The results of these tests show that samples of the mineral layer in granite with a thickness of 1.7 and that of 1.4 cm in marble get good bending resistance in three point respectively equal to 10.63 and 10.3 MPa. As for the compression tests, it appears that the compressive resistance increases with the thickness of the mineral layer but evolves in reverse with the rate of water absorption of these materials. The best resistance in compression obtained with the samples having the thickness of 2 cm of the granite or marble mineral layers are respectively 24.47 and 24.07 MPa. In addition, for this same thickness, the Bilayers offer a better rate of water absorption.

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