scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOUR OF CALCIUM SILICATE HOLLOW BLOCKS MASONRY SUBJECTED TO THE CONCENTRATED LOAD

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Zavalis
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Masonry Unit ◽  
Concentrated Load ◽  
Partition Wall ◽  
Reinforced Beams ◽  
Wooden Structures ◽  
Experimental And Numerical Modeling

Loading of masonry with concentrated load is a sufficiently common case of loading which occurs due to structures of various purposes and sizes which lean against masonry wall, column or partition wall. Reinforced concrete or metal beams, reinforced beams, wooden structures of roof or span are leaned against masonry structures most usually. Investigations show that masonry structures under concentrated load withstand higher loads than structures of which the whole surface area is compressed. In most cases traditional bricks’ masonry under concentrated load was investigated. Its head joints are filled with mortar. This paper describes the experimental and numerical modeling results of investigation of calcium silicate hollow blocks masonry with thin layered mortar and unfilled head joints compressed by concentrated load. The more dangerous case when the edge of masonry unit (wall) is affected by concentrated load was chosen for analysis. Preliminary investigations have shown that the bed joints transmiss horizontal stresses. The stress distribution angle is close to 60°, i.e. close to stress distribution in masonry with filled head joints.

scholarly journals Effect of Roof and Diaphragm Connectivity on Dynamic Behaviour of the PP-band Retrofitted Adobe Masonry Structures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navaratnarajah Sathiparan
Keyword(s):  
Shaking Table Test ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Masonry Unit ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
Lateral Drift

This paper discusses the shaking table test results of three PP-band (Polypropylene band) retrofitted quarter scale one-story masonry house models with different roof conditions. Better connections between masonry wall and roof connection are one factor to improve the seismic safety of the masonry houses. Past studies show that PP-band retrofitting improves the integrity of structural components and prevent the collapse of masonry structures during an earthquake. Although the effect of masonry unit type, surface plastering, the pitch of the PP-band mesh, PP-band connectivity in mesh and tightness of the mesh attachment to walls were studied by experiment program, the effect of the roof and its diaphragm connectivity on PP-band retrofitted masonry structure is nonexistent. Therefore, an experimental program was designed and executed for an understanding the effect of the roof and its connection on the dynamic behavior of the PP-band retrofitted box-shaped masonry house models. Results reveal that the PP-band retrofitted models with proper roof diaphragm improves the seismic behavior with respect to lateral drift, shear resistance and ductility.

Elasticity of Calcium Silicate Brick Masonry Wall Due to Sulphate Attack

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Mohamad H. Wan ◽  
B.H. Abu Bakar ◽  
M.A. Megat Johari ◽  
P.J. Ramadhansyah
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Brick Masonry ◽  
Sulphate Solution ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Sulphate Attack ◽  
Sulphate Concentration

The aim of this study is to investigate the behaviour of the calcium silicate brick masonry wall exposed to sulphate condition. This paper presents some result about the effect of sodium sulphate attack on the elasticity of the calcium silicate brick masonry structures. All specimens were cured under polythene sheet for 14 days in environmental controlled room with temperature of 25± 2°C and 80 ± 5% relative humidity. After curing, the specimens were exposed to sodium sulphate solution before tested at 14, 28, 56 and 180 days respectively. As a result, the modulus of elasticity of the calcium silicate brick masonry wall reduces with the increase of sulphate concentration.

Influence of Sulphate on the Moisture Movement of Calcium Silicate Brick Masonry Wall

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Mohamad H. Wan ◽  
B.H. Abu Bakar ◽  
M.A. Megat Johari ◽  
P.J. Ramadhansyah
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Brick Masonry ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Moisture Movement ◽  
Moisture Expansion ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
Wet Condition

This paper presents the behaviour of moisture movement of calcium silicate brick masonry walls exposed to sodium sulphate environment. The walls were exposed to three sodium sulphate conditions with sulphate concentrations of5%, 10% and 15%. For comparison, some walls were also exposed to dry and wet condition which acts as a control conditions. All specimens were prepared and cured under polythene sheet for 14 days in a controlled environmental room and maintained at relative humidity and temperature of 80 ± 5% and 25 ± 2°C, respectively. After the curing period, the specimens were exposed to sodium sulphate as well as drying and water exposures, during which moisture movement was measured and monitored for a period of up to 7 months. As a result, the moisture expansion was observed and recorded for all masonry wall specimens after exposed to the sulphate condition.

scholarly journals Studying the influence of the cross section height on the distribution of the internal efforts of wooden glued beams

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 03048
Author(s):  
Sergei Prokhorov
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Large Error ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Reinforced Beams ◽  
Flexural Member ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Capital Construction ◽  
Wooden Structures

Since ancient times, wooden structures have been used by man for the construction of buildings and facilities. For many centuries, the structural elements of buildings and facilities made of wood have been the main ones, and still have broad prospects for use in modern capital construction, as they have sufficient high strength and stiffness, are reliable and durable, while having a small mounting weight. In particular, a number of Western countries are already erecting high-rise buildings using a framework of laminated wood constructions. The indisputable advantage of wooden structures is environmental friendliness. However, with all the harmony of the wood structure, its tracheid’s are not standard, which is the main reason for the variability of its mechanical properties. With alteration of a cross-section of flexural member, the nature of the load distribution, as well as the nature of the fracture, changes. An additional factor that affecting the force distribution is the nature of the reinforcement and methods of the reinforcement fixing methods. The methods used to calculate the “low” reinforced beams often give a large error in the calculation of “high” beams. In the work, a rational methodology for calculating wooden glued reinforced beams with symmetrical reinforcement is determined.

Residual stress distribution in built-in beams

2020 ◽  
pp. 146442072095861
Author(s):  
FA de Castro ◽  
Paulo P Kenedi ◽  
LL Vignoli ◽  
I I T Riagusoff
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Concentrated Load ◽  
Load Growth ◽  
Final Failure

Metallic hyperstatic structures, like beams, submitted to excessive loads, do not fail completely before fully yielding in more than one cross section. Indeed, for built-in beams, three cross sections must be fully yielded before the final failure can occur. So, modeling the evolution of the cross-section residual stress distribution is an important subject that should be addressed to guarantee the stress analysis modeling correctness. This paper analyses the residual stress distribution evolution, in critical cross sections, of built-in beams during a transversal concentrated load growth, until the final failure through hinges formation. A finite element model is also presented. The results show good matches with the numerical model, used as a reference.

scholarly journals Rolling-reactive Optimization of Production Processes in a Calcium Silicate Masonry Unit Plant Using Online Simulation

Procedia CIRP ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni Donhauser ◽  
Tobias Ebersbach ◽  
Jörg Franke ◽  
Peter Schuderer
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Masonry Unit ◽  
Online Simulation ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Unit Plant

STRENGTHENING OF RC BEAMS USING NEAR SURFACE EMBEDDED-FRCM

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Usama Ebead ◽  
Hossameldin El-Sherif
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Rc Beams ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Flexural Strengthening ◽  
Reinforced Beams ◽  
Concrete Layer ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Externally Bonded ◽  
Strengthening Technique

Fibre reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) systems are mostly externally bonded (EB) for the strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) and masonry structures. In this paper, the relatively new concept of near-surface embedded (NSE) FRCM, has been introduced for the flexural strengthening of beams. The process of the application of NSE-FRCM strengthening technique involves the removal of the concrete layer at beam soffit, being the most deteriorated in actual practices. Experimental evidence of the flexural strengthening efficacy of this technique is provided here. Eight RC beams were prepared and tested under four-point loading with the consideration of two test parameters: (a) FRCM material (polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO)/carbon/ glass); and (b) the reinforcement ratio (0.5% representing flexure-deficient beams and 1.28% representing typical under-reinforced beams). The strengthening led to gains in ultimate loads that ranged between 31.4% and 84.3%.

Exact Stress Distribution in Standard Gear Teeth and Geometry Factors

1973 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1159-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Baronet ◽  
G. V. Tordion
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Theory Of Elasticity ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Theory ◽  
Concentrated Load ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Pressure Angle ◽  
Surface Stresses

Using the two-dimensional theory of elasticity and an appropriate transform function, the stress distribution in a gear tooth acted on by a concentrated load has been obtained. Computations were carried out for the 20 and 25-deg pressure angle, standard full-depth system, for numbers of teeth ranging from 20 to 150. The intensities of the maximum static surface stresses along the root fillets are given for different loading positions on the tooth profile. Some of the results are compared with others found in the literature.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Brick Masonry Strengthening Practice by Special Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1529-1533
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Brick Masonry ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Metal Mesh

This study aims to identify the best suitable method to enhance strength and the structural performance of masonry. There are different techniques available to strengthen the existing and new masonry structures. This paper deals the metal/mesh embedment in the masonry wall, strengthening by added different polymers and textile strips, masonry grout, engineered cementitious materials (ECC) and interlocking masonry method. The comparison of different unique masonry strengthening methods helps us to provide a better suggestion for construction issues. In contrast to the conventional method, welded wire mesh gives better results than all other ways. Also, embedment of TRM, ECC, FRP, GFRP, CFRP, and interlocking holds an excellent performance in some other aspects.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE BIM-M DATA MODEL APPLICATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Viačeslav Zigmund ◽  
Jurgita Antuchevičienė ◽  
Darius Migilinskas
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Building Information Modeling ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Masonry Unit ◽  
Unit Model ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Building Information

The article analyses implementation of BIM-M (Building Information Modeling for Masonry) into the BIM (Building Information Modeling) project to ensure the preparation of the masonry project. The BIM-M model consists of a masonry database, a masonry unit model, a masonry unit database model, and masonry unit model definition and BIM masonry wall definition model. The case study proposes a BIM-M model for cavity wall, masonry structures involving project stakeholders and ensuring the exchange of information at the design stage CAD (Computer Aided Design) with the ability to transfer information to other life cycles CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) and CAE (Computer Aided Engineering).

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