scholarly journals POSSIBILITIES OF NEUROSCIENCE APPLICATION IN HOUSING DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Andrej Naumcik
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Effective Choice ◽  
Home Buyer

The identification of the best housing alternatives is influenced by a wide variety of factors, including supply, demand, social, cultural, psychological, personal factors. All of these factors have an effect on the behavior and emotional state of a home buyer. What are the most effective ways to choose a home when there is a plethora of complex choices? To determine the most effective choice, neuroscience techniques can be used. These techniques are classified in the following main groups in the article: 1) momentary techniques for measuring changes in electronic neuronal activity, 2) techniques for measuring changes in metabolic neuronal activity, 3) techniques for measuring changes in psychological response to a stimulus. Article’s analysis, its identification of advantages and disadvantages of the techniques, representing these groups: electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, functional semi-infrared spectroscopy, eye capture, and galvanic skin reactions, has revealed the potential of using latter techniques in making marketing decisions, while working with target audiences of different ages, life experiences, character traits who want to live where they feel best.

scholarly journals Transcranial direct current stimulation alters functional network structure in humans

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ruttorf ◽  
S. Kristensen ◽  
L.R. Schad ◽  
J. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Brain States ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Central Tool

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is routinely used in basic and clinical research, but its efficacy has been challenged on a methodological and statistical basis recently. The arguments against tDCS derive from insufficient understanding of how this technique interacts with brain processes physiologically. Because of its potential as a central tool in neuroscience, it is important to clarify whether and how tDCS affects neuronal activity. Here, we investigate influences of offline tDCS on network architecture measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Our results reveal a tDCS-induced reorganisation of a functionally-defined network that is dependent on whether we are exciting or inhibiting a node within this network, confirming in a functioning brain, and in a bias free and independent fashion that tDCS influences neuronal activity. Moreover, our results suggest that network-specific connectivity has an important role in defining the effects of tDCS and the relationship between brain states and behaviour.

scholarly journals A studyforrest extension, MEG recordings while watching the audio-visual movie "Forrest Gump"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyu Liu ◽  
Yuxuan Dai ◽  
Hailun Xie ◽  
Zonglei Zhen
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Oxygenation Level ◽  
The Brain ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Naturalistic stimuli, such as movies, are being increasingly used to map brain function because of their high ecological validity. The pioneering studyforrest and other naturalistic neuroimaging projects have provided free access to multiple movie-watching functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets to prompt the community for naturalistic experimental paradigms. However, sluggish blood-oxygenation-level-dependent fMRI signals are incapable of resolving neuronal activity with the temporal resolution at which it unfolds. Instead, magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures changes in the magnetic field produced by neuronal activity and is able to capture rich dynamics of the brain at the millisecond level while watching naturalistic movies. Herein, we present the first public prolonged MEG dataset collected from 11 participants while watching the 2 h long audio-visual movie "Forrest Gump". Minimally preprocessed data was also provided to facilitate the use. As a studyforrest extension, we envision that this dataset, together with fMRI data from the studyforrest project, will serve as a foundation for exploring the neural dynamics of various cognitive functions in real-world contexts.

Real-Time Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Tool for Neurofeedback

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
Doris Grössinger ◽  
Silvia Erika Kober ◽  
Stefan M. Spann ◽  
Rudolf Stollberger ◽  
Guilherme Wood
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Brain Signals

Abstract. Neurofeedback allows participants to voluntarily control their own brain activity. Consequently, neurofeedback is a potential intervention tool in diverse clinical domains. Different brain signals can be fed back to the neurofeedback users, such as the hemodynamic response of the brain using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) or electrophysiological brain signals as measured with electroencephalography (EEG). Each of these neuroscientific methods has its advantages and disadvantages. For instance, using fMRI all brain regions can be targeted, while in EEG and NIRS signals from deeper regions cannot be precisely differentiated. Hence, fMRI-based neurofeedback allows treatment of mental and physical diseases, which are associated with activation patterns in deeper brain regions. Until now, only the blood oxygen level dependent signal (BOLD) has been used as feedback signal in fMRI-based neurofeedback studies. However, we have started to develop a neurofeedback pipeline using a different fMRI signal, namely arterial spin labeling (ASL), which will be introduced in this article. ASL neurofeedback enables a direct modulation of the cerebral blood flow and, consequently, might improve rehabilitation of disorders caused by perfusion imbalance in the future.

scholarly journals Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: From Acquisition to Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Gail Yarmish ◽  
Michael L. Lipton
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Bold Effect ◽  
Neurosurgical Planning

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a technique that exploits magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect regional brain activity through measurement of the hemodynamic response that is coupled to electrical neuronal activity. The most common fMRI method detects blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast. The BOLD effect represents alteration in the ratio of deoxygenated to oxygenated hemoglobin within brain tissue following neuronal activity. Alterations in this hemoglobin ratio result from changes in cerebral oxygen extraction, cerebral blood flow, and cerebral blood volume that occur in response to neuronal activity. The small, but detectable, change in magnetics resonance signal intensity is due to the sensitivity of magnetic resonance (MR) images to the paramagnetic deoxygenated state of hemoglobin that is the basis of contrast in fMRI applications. This review describes the physical and physiological bases of the MR signal, the principle of the BOLD effect, technical issues related to fMRI implementation, and fMRI experimental design. Research and clinical applications of fMRI are presented, including the use of fMRI in neurosurgical planning. Since it provides an individualized map of brain function, fMRI enables accurate localization of eloquent brain regions prior to surgery, allowing assessment of surgical risk and prognosis, as well as planning surgical approach.

On the origin of sustained negative BOLD response

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (9) ◽  
pp. 2339-2342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Moraschi ◽  
Mauro DiNuzzo ◽  
Federico Giove
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Bold Response ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Negative Bold

Several brain regions exhibit a sustained negative BOLD response (NBR) during specific tasks, as assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging. The origin of the NBR and the relationships between the vascular/metabolic dynamics and the underlying neural activity are highly debated. Converging evidence indicates that NBR, in human and non-human primates, can be interpreted in terms of decrease in neuronal activity under its basal level, rather than a purely vascular phenomenon. However, the scarcity of direct experimental evidence suggests caution and encourages the ongoing utilization of multimodal approaches in the investigation of this effect.

scholarly journals Insights from Neuroenergetics into the Interpretation of Functional Neuroimaging: An Alternative Empirical Model for Studying the Brain's Support of Behavior

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1721-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G Shulman ◽  
Fahmeed Hyder ◽  
Douglas L Rothman
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Mental Causation ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Baseline Activity

Functional neuroimaging measures quantitative changes in neurophysiological parameters coupled to neuronal activity during observable behavior. These results have usually been interpreted by assuming that mental causation of behavior arises from the simultaneous actions of distinct psychological mechanisms or modules. However, reproducible localization of these modules in the brain using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has been elusive other than for sensory systems. In this paper, we show that neuroenergetic studies using PET, calibrated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electrical recordings do not support the standard approach, which identifies the location of mental modules from changes in brain activity. Of importance in reaching this conclusion is that changes in neuronal activities underlying the fMRI signal are many times smaller than the high ubiquitous, baseline neuronal activity, or energy in resting, awake humans. Furthermore, the incremental signal depends on the baseline activity contradicting theoretical assumptions about linearity and insertion of mental modules. To avoid these problems, while making use of these valuable results, we propose that neuroimaging should be used to identify observable brain activities that are necessary for a person's observable behavior rather than being used to seek hypothesized mental processes.

Mothers Who Were Neglected in Childhood Show Differences in Neural Response to Their Infant’s Cry

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorianne B. Wright ◽  
Heidemarie K. Laurent ◽  
Jennifer C. Ablow
Keyword(s):  
Life Experiences ◽  
Neural Response ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Infant Cry ◽  
Mother's Experience ◽  
Distress Cues

The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate how a mother’s experience of neglect in her own childhood is associated with her neural response to her infant’s distress cues. During scanning, 22 high-risk primiparous mothers were exposed to both their own 18-month-old infant’s cry sound and a control sound. Mothers’ continuous Neglect subscale scores from the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were examined as a predictor of their neural response to own infant cry > control sound. Mothers who reported high levels of neglect from childhood showed regions of hyperactivation to their infant’s cry (relative to control sound) in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices and insula as well as specific prefrontal (precentral gyrus) and parietal (posterior supramarginal gyrus) areas. These results may suggest how important early life experiences are for future parenting responses and behaviors.

scholarly journals Mirror Neuron and Theory of Mind Mechanisms Involved in Face-to-Face Interactions: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Approach to Empathy

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1354-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schulte-Rüther ◽  
Hans J. Markowitsch ◽  
Gereon R. Fink ◽  
Martina Piefke
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Mirror Neurons ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
The Self ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Common

Empathy allows emotional psychological inference about other person's mental states and feelings in social contexts. We aimed at specifying the common and differential neural mechanisms of “self”- and “other”-related attribution of emotional states using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects viewed faces expressing emotions with direct or averted gaze and either focused on their own emotional response to each face (self-task) or evaluated the emotional state expressed by the face (other-task). The common network activated by both tasks included the left lateral orbito-frontal and medial prefrontal cortices (MPFC), bilateral inferior frontal cortices, superior temporal sulci and temporal poles, as well as the right cerebellum. In a subset of these regions, neural activity was significantly correlated with empathic abilities. The self- (relative to the other-) task differentially activated the MPFC, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus, and the temporo-parietal junction bilaterally. Empathy-related processing of emotional facial expressions recruited brain areas involved in mirror neuron and theory-of-mind (ToM) mechanisms. The differential engagement of the MPFC, the PCC/precuneus, and temporo-parietal regions in the self-task indicates that these structures act as key players in the evaluation of one's own emotional state during empathic face-to-face interaction. Activation of mirror neurons in a task relying on empathic abilities without explicit task-related motor components supports the view that mirror neurons are not only involved in motor cognition but also in emotional interpersonal cognition. An interplay between ToM and mirror neuron mechanisms may hold for the maintenance of a self-other distinction during empathic interpersonal face-to-face interactions.

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