Review of Lithuanian Experience in Asphalt Pavements Cold Recycling

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrius Vaitkus ◽  
Judita Gražulytė ◽  
Lina Juknevičiūtė-Žilinskienė ◽  
Vitalijus Andrejevas
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Pavement Rehabilitation ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Base Course ◽  
Foamed Bitumen ◽  
Cold Recycling

One of the key goals in the EU White Paper is to reduce carbon emissions in transport by 60% by 2050. Consequently, during the past years an effect on the environment became a decisive factor in selecting materials and technologies for road construction and rehabilitation. Cold recycling is a reasonable solution in asphalt pavement rehabilitation because it is economical and old asphalt pavements can be reused. This technology differs from others by mixing temperature. Besides, cold recycling does not require additional heating. These benefits result in wide application of cold recycling around the world. In Lithuania, cold recycling has been used for more than 15 years. Both technologies, i.e. cold in-plant recycling and cold in-place recycling, were used. In both technologies reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is bound with bituminous binders (foamed bitumen or bitumen emulsion), hydraulic binders (cement) or a combination of bituminous and hydraulic binders depending on the base course specifications. This paper focuses on the Lithuanian experience in cold recycling of asphalt pavements using different types of cold recycling and binders.

scholarly journals Study of the Stiffness of the Bitumen Emulsion Based Cold Recycling Mixes for Road Base Courses

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5473
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Konieczna ◽  
Piotr Pokorski ◽  
Wojciech Sorociak ◽  
Piotr Radziszewski ◽  
Dawid Żymełka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Construction ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Stiffness Modulus ◽  
Pavement Rehabilitation ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption ◽  
Cold Recycling

The benefits of the use of cold recycling mixtures (CRMs) in pavement rehabilitation are associated with both the reduction of natural resource consumption by replacing them with recycled materials and the reduction of energy consumption during their production and paving. The evolution of the stiffness of CRMs in road construction and the fatigue life of pavements with CRM base layers are still being investigated. In this paper, CRMs with 1% cement content, called bitumen-stabilized materials with bitumen emulsion (BSM-Es), were examined. Mixtures that were differentiated in terms of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) content, as well as the amount and type of bitumen emulsions, were subjected to indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM) tests at 5 °C, 13 °C, and 20 °C. The thermal sensitivities of the BSM-E mixtures were analyzed. BSM-E mixture stiffness modulus levels at various temperatures were determined using a statistical approach. On the basis of the results obtained, a discussion on the mechanistic-empirical design of flexible pavements with BSM-E base layers is presented. The potential benefits of using BSM-E materials in road construction in certain aspects of pavement life are indicated.

scholarly journals Long-Term Performance of Pavement Structures with Cold In-Place Recycled Base Course

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-65
Author(s):  
Audrius Vaitkus ◽  
Judita Gražulytė ◽  
Andrius Baltrušaitis ◽  
Jurgita Židanavičiūtė ◽  
Donatas Čygas
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Binding Agents ◽  
Pavement Structure ◽  
Pavement Structures ◽  
Base Course ◽  
Surface Distress ◽  
Foamed Bitumen

Properly designed and maintained asphalt pavements operate for ten to twenty-five years and have to be rehabilitated after that period. Cold in-place recycling has priority over all other rehabilitation methods since it is done without preheating and transportation of reclaimed asphalt pavement. Multiple researches on the performance of cold recycled mixtures have been done; however, it is unclear how the entire pavement structure (cold recycled asphalt pavement overlaid with asphalt mixture) performs depending on binding agents. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of cold in-place recycled asphalt pavements considering binding agents (foamed bitumen in combination with cement or only cement) and figure out which binder leads to the best pavement performance. Three road sections rehabilitated in 2000, 2003, and 2005 were analysed. The performance of the entire pavement structure was evaluated in terms of the International Roughness Index, rut depth, and pavement surface distress in 2013 and 2017.

scholarly journals Research and Analysis on the Principle in Plant Cold Recycling for Foamed Bitumen and Mixture Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zecheng Ni ◽  
Shijing Chen ◽  
Yihuan Li ◽  
Hongxi Peng ◽  
Jiawen Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Performance ◽  
Foamed Bitumen ◽  
Cold Recycling

The early asphalt pavement in our country severely reduced the road performance due to various external factors during the use process. According to incomplete statistics, there are more asphalt pavements that need to be renovated and repaired every year in China, and the amount of construction waste such as asphalt concrete and other construction waste reaches 1,000. About ten thousand tons. If such a huge amount of construction waste is not used, it will inevitably cause great pollution to the environment. If it can be reused, not only will it be environmentally friendly and energy-saving, it will also save more than one billion yuan in costs. In view of the above problems, this article conducts related Research and Analysis on the Principle in Plant Cold Recycling for Foamed Bitumen and Mixture Performance to provide reference for future projects.

scholarly journals Development of Cold In-Place Recycling with Bitumen Emulsion and Biomass Bottom Ash

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽  
Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽  
Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino ◽  
Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Limestone Aggregate ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Biomass Fly Ash

Power generation from biomass is one of the most promising energy sources available today. However, this industry has a series of wastes derived from its activity, mainly biomass fly ash and biomass bottom ash. Biomass bottom ash is a waste that has no current use and, in most cases, is deposited in landfills. In turn, road construction is one of the activities that produces the most pollution, as it requires huge amounts of raw materials. Therefore, this research proposes the use of biomass bottom ashes, in an unaltered form, for the formation of cold in-place recycling with bitumen emulsion. This type of mixture, which is highly sustainable owing to the use of a high percentage of waste, was made with reclaimed asphalt pavement, biomass bottom ash, water, and bitumen emulsion. To this end, the grading curve of the materials was analyzed, different bituminous mixtures were made with varying percentages of emulsion and water, and the mechanical properties of the mixtures were analyzed. At the same time, the same type of mix was made with reclaimed asphalt pavement and commercial limestone aggregate, in order to compare the results. The tests showed a better mechanical behavior of the bituminous mixes made with biomass bottom ash, maintaining physical properties similar to those of conventional mixes. In short, it was confirmed that the production of this type of mix with biomass bottom ash was feasible, creating sustainable materials that reuse currently unused waste and avoid landfill disposal.

scholarly journals Influence of a Rejuvenator on Homogenization of an Asphalt Mixture with Increased Content of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement in Lowered Technological Temperatures

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2567
Author(s):  
Pawel Slabonski ◽  
Beata Stankiewicz ◽  
Damian Beben
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Base Course

The most technologically advanced form of road construction uses a high content of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) as a component of its asphalt mixture (AM). However, there is a real problem with the effective interaction of RAP and MA. The research herein described presents an effective use of RAP originating from the recycling process of old pavements thanks to the application of an original rejuvenator. Two types of AM were designed concerning the base course of pavement as well as the wearing course and the binder course for various traffic categories. The achieved results show that the rejuvenator improved the homogenization of RAP with the asphalt binder and aggregate in each mixture type. On the basis of the research, the possibility of using paving AM with an increased content of RAP in lowered technological temperatures received a favorable assessment. Mixtures of asphalt concrete containing 40% RAP meet both Polish and German requirements for mixtures intended for heavy traffic pavements. Thanks to use of the rejuvenator, it is possible to compact AM layers containing RAP in a final compaction temperature lowered by about 20 °C. The achieved AM lab test results were confirmed on trial road sections. The rejuvenator used in tested AMs improved the homogenization of RAP with both binder and virgin aggregate. Moreover, the study proved that it is possible to use 20%, 40%, and even 100% RAP contents in the mixtures thanks to the use of the rejuvenator based on plant resin and the creation of conditions enabling the effective homogenization of AM components.

scholarly journals Application of the foamed bitumen and bitumen emulsion to the road base mixes in the deep cold recycling technology

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Iwański ◽  
Anna Chomicz-Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Base ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Recycling Technology ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Foamed Bitumen ◽  
Cold Recycling

This paper presents findings of a study concerning the influence of binder type on the mechanical properties of road base in the cold recycling technology. The principal aim of this investigation was to evaluate the mixes in scope of susceptibility to moisture and low-temperatures. In the comparative research foamed bitumen and bitumen emulsion were used in four different concentrations (2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%). The materials used in the study were reclaimed from an existing road construction layers: reclaimed aggregate from the road base and reclaimed asphalt pavement obtained by milling the surface and binder course. Portland cement in 2.0% concentration was used as a hydraulic binder. The evaluated parameters were: indirect tensile strengths, tensile strength retained and indirect tensile stiffness modulus at 25 °C. These tests were complemented by an evaluation of susceptibility to moisture and frost according to modified procedures implemented by American researchers: Tunnicliff, Root and Lottman. Moreover, tests for low-temperature cracking were conducted according to Finnish standard. The investigations showed that the use of foamed bitumen for road base layer produced in the cold recycling technology results in better mechanical properties and resistance to moisture and frost compared to using bitumen emulsion. The use of 2.5% of foamed bitumen and 2.0% of Portland cement in the recycled road base allowed to meet the established criteria.

scholarly journals Evaluation performance of base course mixture containing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 01037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Al helo ◽  
Zaynab Qasim ◽  
Ahmed Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Superpave Gyratory Compactor ◽  
Asphalt Mix ◽  
Asphalt Content ◽  
Base Course ◽  
Durability Performance

This paper presented the effect of addition of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) on performance of mixture with (20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) RAP as proportion of asphalt mix. To compare with virgin mixture marshall flow and stability test was used to evaluated durability performance with (0,1,3, and 7) days immersion and Wheel Truck test was used to evaluated the resist to rutting. The best gradation and optimum asphalt content was selected according to Superpave system. Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) was used to compact mixture with 100-mm diameter. The test results indicated that addition of RAP to mixes showed significant increase on resistance of Durability and Rutting.

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