Analysis of Requirements for Effluent Quality and their Impact on Status of Rivers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regimantas Dauknys ◽  
Aušra Mažeikienė
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Lithuanian Rivers ◽  
The Impact

The article analyses Lithuanian rivers, 32 of which have been selected as non-complying with the require-ments of good condition. Furthermore, 15 discharge facilities that discharge wastewater to the aforementioned rivers from agglomerations with population equivalent (PE) greater than 2,000 have been selected. The assessment of the quality of treated wastewater according to the allowable impact on the reception facility has been carried out and has been compared with the currently regulated minimum allowable values of concentrations of pollutants. The analysis of the impact of quality of treated wastewater on the ecological status of rivers has been presented. It has been established that the pollution of rivers would be decreased by an average 8% (organic pollutants and total nitrogen) and by 22% (total phosphorus), if the allowable concentrations of pollutants according to the impact on the reception facility were ensured in the analysed treatment plants with PE greater than 10,000.

Influence of Anthropogenic Load in River Basins on River Water Status: A Case Study in Lithuania

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1312
Author(s):  
Laima Česonienė ◽  
Daiva Šileikienė ◽  
Midona Dapkienė
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Agricultural Pollution ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Good Ecological Status ◽  
The Impact

Twenty-four rivers in different parts of Lithuania were selected for the study. The aim of the research was to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic load on the ecological status of rivers. Anthropogenic loads were assessed according to the pollution sources in individual river catchment basins. The total nitrogen (TN) values did not correspond to the “good” and “very good” ecological status classes in 51% of the tested water bodies; 19% had a “bad” to “moderate” BOD7, 50% had “bad” to “moderate” NH4-N, 37% had “bad” to “moderate” NO3-N, and 4% had “bad” to “moderate” PO4-P. The total phosphorus (TP) values did not correspond to the “good” and “very good” ecological status classes in 4% of the tested water bodies. The largest amounts of pollution in river basins were generated from the following sources: transit pollution, with 87,599 t/year of total nitrogen and 5020 t/year of total phosphorus; agricultural pollution, with 56,031 t/year of total nitrogen and 2474 t/year of total phosphorus. The highest total nitrogen load in river basins per year, on average, was from transit pollution, accounting for 53.89%, and agricultural pollution, accounting for 34.47%. The highest total phosphorus load was also from transit pollution, totaling 58.78%, and agricultural pollution, totaling 28.97%. Multiple regression analysis showed the agricultural activity had the biggest negative influence on the ecological status of rivers according to all studied indicators.

Danish Experience with Emergent Hydrophyte Treatment Systems (EHTS) and Prospects in the Light of Future Requirements on Outlet Water Quality

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-H. Schierup ◽  
H. Brix
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Stage System

Since 1983 approximately 150 full-scale emergent hydrophyte based wastewater treatment plants (reed beds) have been constructed in Denmark to serve small wastewater producers. The development of purification performance for 21 plants representing different soil types, vegetation, and hydraulic loading rates has been recorded. Cleaning efficiencies were typically in the range of 60-80% reduction for BOD, 25-50% reduction for total nitrogen, and 20-40% reduction for total phosphorus. The mean effluent BOD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations of the reed beds were 19 ± 10, 22 ± 9 and 6.7 ± 3.2 mg/l (mean ± SD), respectively. Thus, the general Danish effluent standards of 8 mg/l for N and 1.5 mg/l for P for sewage plants greater than 5,000 PE cannot be met by the present realised design of EHTS. The main problem observed in most systems is a poor development of horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the soil which results in surface run-off. Since the political demands for effluent quality will be more strict in the future, it is important to improve the performance of small decentral sewage treatment plants. On the basis of experiences from different types of macrophyte based and conventional low-technology wastewater treatment systems, a multi-stage system is suggested, consisting of sedimentation and sand filtration facilities followed by basins planted with emergent and submergent species of macrophytes and algal ponds.

scholarly journals Impact of Partially Treated Wastewater on Downstream Water Quality of Notwane River in Botswana

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gilbert K. Gaboutloeloe ◽  
Gugu Molokwe ◽  
Benedict Kayombo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
River Stretch ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
The Impact

The impact of partially treated wastewater on the water quality of Notwane river stretch in the Gaborone region of Botswana was investigated. Water samples collected at effluent discharge point and three other sampling sites downstream were analyzed for pH, temperature, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Ammonia-nitrogen (Ammonia-N) and Nitrate-nitrogen (Nitrate-N). Sampling was conducted bi-weekly between February 2013 and April 2013. The ranges of measured parameters were:  pH (7.6-8.5), temperature (22-23ºC), BOD5 (11.2-27.0 mg/l), Ammonia-N (2.4-60.5 mg/l), Nitrate-N (20.6-28.6 mg/l). Analysis of variance, Games-Howel multiple comparisons and Pearson correlation were used to separate variable means. The results signal river non-point pollution due to runoff inflow of organics mainly from land use and domestic waste dumping by nearby dwellings. Temperature, BOD5, and pH range values were all within the Botswana Bureau of Standards (BOBS) limit while the maximum Ammonia-N and Nitrate-N were above BOBS limit by 50.5 mg/l and 6.6 mg/l, respectively. Regulations on indiscriminate waste dumping and discharge standards adherence should be enforced.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Sewage Storage Ponds on the Water Environment in Surrounding Area

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Kairat Ospanov ◽  
Timur Rakhimov ◽  
Menlibai Myrzakhmetov ◽  
Dariusz Andraka
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer ◽  
Sewage Ponds ◽  
Basic Quality ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of research on the environmental impact of sewage ponds serving the city of Kostanay (Kazakhstan). The scope of the research included the determination of basic quality parameters of raw and treated wastewater, an analysis of the chemical composition of groundwater in the vicinity of sewage ponds, and the analysis of the water quality of the Tobol River. The obtained results indicate that sewage from storage ponds, infiltrating into the ground, caused groundwater pollution in the area of about 100 km2 around the reservoirs. Due to the fact that the groundwater aquifer in the vicinity of sewage ponds feeds the Tobol River, it also affects water quality in the river, which does not meet the requirements for most of the analyzed parameters.

Impact of ‘Organic' Pollutants on Coastal Waters, Gulf of Trieste

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Olivotti ◽  
J. Faganeli ◽  
A. Malej
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Gulf Of Trieste ◽  
Satisfactory Condition ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
The Impact

The main sources of potential ‘organic' pollutants (essentially pathogens, nutrients, floatables, suspended solids and detergents) discharged to the Gulf of Trieste by sewers and rivers are briefly reviewed; about 470,000 people live in the coastal area, and nearly 400,000 of them discharge sewage effluents to the Gulf. This brief review is followed by an evaluation of the impact of such discharges on the quality of marine waters, with reference to the impairment of uses such as bathing and shellfish cultivation. The sanitary and aesthetic aspects of faecal pollution which typically affect coastal waters are examined together with the water quality standards pertaining to bathing waters and shellfish cultivation areas; the extent of pollution of the coastal waters is determined. Experience gained at some wastewater treatment and disposal works is cited. On the whole, the Gulf of Trieste appears to be in a satisfactory condition: more than 85% of the shoreline (totalling 42 km in Yugoslavia and 93 km in Italy) is unpolluted, according to the pertaining standards. Ameliorations are, however, urgently needed in many respects. Recommendations regarding adequate forms of sewage treatment and disposal are made.

scholarly journals Study of impact of increased number of devotees on indoor environmental quality of heritage temples of goddess Mahalaxmi at Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

2020 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Anjali Jadhav ◽  
Sushma Kulkarni ◽  
Ashish Rege
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Standard Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Temple

India has a great cultural heritage of temples across the country. There is a wide variety of temples of variety of deities constructed from East to West and North to South of India. Most of the temples are built centuries ago and still are in good condition and the centre of cultural activities. Mahalaxmi temple precinct is a very old precinct in Kolhapur, built in 8th century by Chalukyan rulers. Every year lacs of devotees are visiting this temple of goddess Mahalaxmi from most of the part of India. The temple is constructed of basalt stone with beautiful intricate carving on it. This paper focus on indoor environmental quality of the temple which is deteriorated due to the impact of increased number of devotees. Some of the devotees face the problem of suffocation, fatigue, fainting, irritation, nasal congestion; as provision of vents are absent and natural ventilation is not available inside the shrine of goddess Mahalaxmi. Due to lack of air exchange and natural ventilation the indoor environmental quality is deteriorated. It is observed that the CO2 level is increased, decreased in O2 level, rise in temperature and humidity above the standard level causing discomfort.

scholarly journals Impact of an antimicrobial resistance control program: pre- and post-training antibiotic use in children with typhoid fever

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elfrida A. Rachmah ◽  
Maftuchah Rochmanti ◽  
Dwiyanti Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pediatric Residents ◽  
The Impact

Inappropriate use of antibiotics may lead to antimicrobial resistance. In 2012, Dr. Soetomo Hospital conducted training for pediatric residents on the proper use of antibiotics to limit antimicrobial resistance.Objective To evaluate the impact of a rational, antibiotic-use training program for pediatric residents on their antibiotic prescriptions for patients with typhoid fever.Methods A cross-sectional, analytic study was conducted. We collected data from children with typhoid fever who were hospitalized in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, pre- and post-training on antibiotic prescriptions. Children with other known bacterial infections or who were discharged on request were excluded. Antibiotic prescriptions were evaluated using Gyssens algorithm based on the local protocol. Chi-square test was used to compare the quality of antibiotic prescriptions, before (year 2012) and after (year 2013) the training.Results Forty-nine patients with 67 prescriptions in 2012 and 34 patients with 48 prescriptions in 2013 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Patients’ ages ranged from 1-18 years. Diagnoses of uncomplicated and complicated typhoid were found in 74% and 26% of subjects, respectively. First line (chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, ampicillin, trimetroprim and sulfametoxazol) and second line (ceftriaxone and cefixime) use were 72% and 28%, respectively. All patients were discharged in good condition. Appropriate use of antibiotics was noted in 61% of subjects in 2012 and in 81% of subjects in 2013 (P=0.036). The most common type of error in 2012 and 2013 was dosage imprecision (25% and 17%, respectively).Conclusion Training on appropriate use of antibiotics significantly improved the quality of antibiotics prescribed in children with typhoid fever in Dr. Soetomo Hospital.

The impact of the quality of democracy on the economic growth of provinces in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Nairobi Nairobi ◽  
◽  
Nur Rita Santi ◽  
Fadeli Yusuf Afif ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Quality Of Democracy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose: The impact of democracy on economic growth is an interesting study of economic institutions and there is still debate about the impact on economic growth. One side of the research finds that democracy has a significant and positive impact on economic growth, but the other side states that the improvement of the country's democracy causes economic growth to decline. This study aims to examine the impact of the quality of democracy on economic growth at the provincial level in Indonesia. Research methodology: The data used in this study use panel data using the Eviews 9.0 analysis tool, so that the best method named the Random Effect Model is obtained. Result: The results show that democracy in Indonesia has a significant impact on economic growth and there is a positive trend in the long run. Other variables used are labor and foreign investment, which statistically, if these variables occur, can increase economic growth in Indonesia and increase employment and data on foreign investment play a role in driving economic growth. Economic growth in Indonesia is already in good condition and the economic growth that occurs is convergence growth which shows that some provinces that are poor/underdeveloped can catch up with developed provinces. Limitations: This study uses fairly short time-series data, so that the addition of a longer time-series will of course give better results. Contribution: Improvements in democracy in Indonesia should also strengthen democratic norms that apply in society, such as reducing corrupt behaviors, especially political corruption and money politics to get public office because if this behavior cannot be corrected, then democracy will have little impact on the economy.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the quality of sewage discharged from selected agglomeration sewerage systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Chmielowski ◽  
Piotr Bugajski ◽  
Grzegorz B. Kaczor
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Pollution Indicators

AbstractThe study provides a comparative analysis of the quality of sewage discharged from selected sewerage systems. The analyzed data were collected from 10 agglomeration sewerage systems discharging sewage into collective wastewater treatment plants (WTP). The investigated pollution indicators included BOD5, CODCr, total suspended solids and biogenic indicators such as total nitrogen and total phosphorus. These results were compared with the outcomes reported in commonly available research papers on sewage disposal. Considering the concentration of individual pollution indicators, more detailed categories of sewage pollution were adopted in this work. The sewage was divided into five basic groups: I – highly concentrated, II – concentrated, III – moderately concentrated, IV – diluted, and V – highly diluted. The sewage categories accounted for the following pollution indicators: BOD5, CODCr, total suspended solids, total phosphorus and total nitrogen. Mean BOD5, CODCr and total suspended solids in raw sewage were higher than average values reported in the referenced literature. Contrary to that, concentration of total phosphorus in raw sewage was significantly lower than reported by other authors. The outcomes of this study suggest that the predictions concerning pollution degree of raw sewage made at WTP design stage should not be based exclusively on general values provided in literature reports.

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