Experimental Research of Biogas Yield and Quality Produced from Chicken Manure

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitalij Kolodynskij ◽  
Pranas Baltrėnas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Volatile Solids

Biogas is a fuel, which can be produced from a renewable energy source – biomass. Such a gas can be freely used in small farms or food industry to produce heat or electricity. Two main components of biogas – metahne CH4 and carbon dioxide CO2. In some case, if biomass has a big amount of proteins, there can be an aggressive to different constructions gas – hydrogen sulphide H2S in biogas composition. Also, there can be other gases, such as ammonia or hydrogen, but their concentrations are very low. Nowadays it’s extremely important to find a biomass with high energy potential not only to produce “green” energy, but to save the environment from gaseous emissions (greenhouse gases) and soil pollution. The aim of this study – to examine biogas yield and quality, which was produced from chicken manure biomass. To implement research, a small-sized bioreactor of periodic operation (total volume – 30 l, operating volume – 20 l) was used. One of the important parameters of biomass is total quality of volatile solids (VS) and quantity of organic matter in one liter of biomass (organic load – VS/l). In this research, there were examined two chicken manure biomasses with different VS and VS/l. The first one reached relatively 3188 g and 160 g/l. The second’s biomass volatile solids quantity reached 1993 g and organic load was 100 g/l. Both biomasses were of the same type and organic matter (chicken manure with 39.85 % concentration of organic matter). During the experimental research, the temperature of anaerobic digestion was mesophilic (35–37 oC). The operation of bioreactor was periodic, this means, that the biomass was held in anaerobic condition till the complete degasation without any partial refill. The total experiment duration reached 66 days. It was found, that the maximum CH4 concentration reached 72.2% (biomass with organic load 100 g/l). To compare biogas yield from biomasses with different organic loading, it must be recalculated to an amount of biogas produced per day from 1 kg of volatile solids (l/d/kg VS). By implementing gained data analysis, it was discovered, that the maximum biogas yield is 7.8 l/d/kg VS (biomass with organic load 100 g/l). According to this research, it will be possible to create and use a small-sized bioreactor with chicken manure biomass in small farms to reduce pollution and generate energy.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Adding Extruded Wheat Straw to Poultry Manure to Increase the Rate of Biogas Yield

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Victor Polishchuk ◽  
◽  
Sergey Shvorov ◽  
Nikolay Zablodskiy ◽  
Piotr Kucheruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Volatile Solids

The work is aimed at increasing the biogas yield rate at biogas plants by means of codigestion poultry manure in combination with extruded wheat straw. To achieve this goal a series of batch tests were performed to study the yields of biogas and CH4 in anaerobic fermentation of mixtures of manure with extruded wheat straw. The working hypothesis of the study was that the wheat straw addition would allow optimizing carbon to nitrogen ratio reducing thus the inhibitory effect of ammonium nitrogen contained in poultry manure on the digestion process. The most important result of the study consisted in the development of a methodology for determining the efficient ratios of extruded straw to poultry manure, at which the highest rate of methane yield was ensured. The two series of the batch assays at 36°C were performed to study the effect of the straw addition to chicken manure at high and low initial volatile solids concentrations. In each series, three types of mixtures were prepared – with 100%, 65% and 35% of poultry manure by volatile solids content in the combination with wheat straw pellets. The significance of the research results was in the fact that the use of extruded straw together with chicken manure could increase the rate of methane yield by almost two times, compared to the fermentation of only poultry manure. The positive effect of wheat straw addition to poultry manure was found in mixtures with a high initial volatile solids concentration, and hence, a high concentration of nitrogen.

Investigation of the biogas production potential from algal wastes

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1100-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anıl Tevfik Koçer ◽  
Didem Özçimen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Thermophilic Conditions

In recent years, researchers focused their attention on biogas production more than ever to meet the energy demand. Especially, biogas obtained from algal wastes has become a trending research area owing to the high content of volatile solids in algae. The main purpose of this study is to determine the biogas production potential from algal wastes and examine the effect of temperature and particle size parameters on biogas yield. A comparison was made between the biogas production potential of microalgal wastes, obtained after oil extraction, and macroalgal wastes collected from coastal areas. It was found that algal biogas yield is directly proportional to temperature and inversely proportional to particle size. Optimal conditions for biogas production from algal wastes were determined as the temperature of 55 °C, a particle size of 200 μm, a residence time of 30 days and an alga–inoculum ratio of 1:4 (w:w). Highest biogas yield obtained under these conditions was found as 342.59 cm3 CH4 g−1 VS with Ulva lactuca. Under thermophilic conditions, both micro- and macroalgal biogas yields were comparable. It can be concluded that algal biomass is a good source for biogas production, although further research is needed to increase biogas yield and quality.

The Influence of Leachate Refluence on Dry Mesophilic Co-Fermentation

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 1735-1739
Author(s):  
Fu Bin Yin ◽  
Zi Fu Li ◽  
Shuang Hou ◽  
Xiao Feng Bai ◽  
Ting Ting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Biogas Yield

The main objectives of this research were to determine the effect of leachate refluence on biogas production for dry mesophilic co-fermentation of chicken manure and corn straw. The biogas production, the ratio of biogas production, methane content and pH were analyzed. The results showed that the leachate refluence has a significant impact on biogas production of dry co-fermentation. The cumulative biogas yield of the once in 48h has an increase by 10% and 5% for no reflux and once in 24h, respectively. The leachate refluence has little influence on the methane content, but it has good effect to keep pH in the optimum rang.

scholarly journals Growing Food with Garbage: Effects of Six Waste Amendments on Soil and Vegetable Crops

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Long ◽  
Rebecca N. Brown ◽  
José A. Amador
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Yard Waste

Using organic wastes as agricultural amendments is a productive alternative to disposal in landfills, providing nutrients for plant growth and carbon to build soil organic matter. Despite these benefits, a large fraction of organic waste is sent to landfills. Obstacles to the adoption of wastes as sources of plant nutrients include questions about harmful effects to crops or soils and the wastes’ ability to produce satisfactory yields. We compared six organic waste amendments with a mineral fertilizer control (CN) to determine effects on soil quality, soil fertility, crop quality, and crop yield in 2013 and 2014. Waste amendments were applied at a rate sufficient to supply 10,000 kg organic C/ha over two seasons, and mineral fertilizer was applied to control plots to provide 112 kg-N/ha/yr. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with four replicates and three crops: sweet corn (Zea mays L. cv. Applause, Brocade, and Montauk), butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne cv. JWS 6823), and potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Eva). Amendment with biosolids/yard waste cocompost (BS), dehydrated restaurant food waste (FW), gelatin manufacturing waste (GW), multisource compost (MS), paper fiber/chicken manure blend (PF), and yard waste compost (YW) did not have a negative impact on soil moisture, bulk density, electrical conductivity (EC), or the concentration of heavy metals in soil or plant tissue. Our results indicate potential uses for waste amendments including significantly raising soil pH (MS) and increasing soil organic matter [OM (YW and BS)]. The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N) of waste amendments was not a reliable predictor of soil inorganic N levels, and only some wastes increased potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) levels relative to the control. Plots amended with BS, FW, and GW produced yields of sweet corn, butternut squash, and potatoes comparable with the control, whereas plots amended with YW, PF, and MS produced lower yields of sweet corn, squash, or both, although yields for potatoes were comparable with the control. In addition, the marketability of potatoes from PF plots was significantly better than that of the control in 2014. None of the wastes evaluated in this study had negative impacts on soil properties, some provided benefits to soil quality, and all produced comparable yields for at least one crop. Our results suggest that all six wastes have potential to be used as sources of plant nutrients.

scholarly journals Growth analysis of green-leaf lettuce under different sources and doses of organic and mineral fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-247
Author(s):  
Rúbia Rejane Ribeiro ◽  
Jose Luiz Rodrigues Torres ◽  
Valdeci Orioli-Junior ◽  
Hamilton Cesar De Oliveira Charlo ◽  
Dinamar Márcia Da Silva Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Lettuce Yield ◽  
Leaf Lettuce ◽  
Different Sources

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different sources and doses of organic and mineral fertilization on the production of green-leaf lettuce. The experiment design used randomized blocks in a factorial scheme (6×3), with six doses of fertilizers (1 = 0; 2 = 25; 3 = 50; 4 = 100; 5 = 150, and 6 = 200% of the recommended fertilization for green-leaf lettuce crop) and three sources of fertilizers [cattle manure (CaM) and chicken manure (ChM), decomposed, on a wet basis and applied 100% at planting at the doses: CaM – 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75, 100 Mg ha-1; ChM – 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 Mg ha-1; mineral fertilization (MF) varying the N levels: 0, 37.5, 75, 150, 225, 300 kg ha-1 plus 400 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and 60 kg ha-1 of K2O]. The fertilization with CaM and ChM was more efficient than the MF at increasing the production of green-leaf lettuce, mainly because of  the higher residual effects of P in the Oxisol. The ChM provided a higher soil pH, P and K, while the CaM provided a higher soil Mg, organic carbon and organic matter. The dose with 144% of organic fertilization exclusively on a wet basis corresponding to 72 Mg ha-1 of CaM and 29 Mg ha-1 of ChM resulted in the highest green-leaf lettuce yield.

Use of crushed bark of Picea abies as a soil conditioner in organic spring wheat production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Nurmi ◽  
Päivi Kurki ◽  
Iina Haikarainen ◽  
Riitta Savikurki ◽  
Janne Kaseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
First Year ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Soil Conditioner ◽  
Positive Effects

<p>Adding organic matter in the soil is especially important for organic agriculture, which relies on good soil health for plant production. Crushed bark (CB) of Picea abies (L.) Karsten is a forestry by-product, which has been developed into a new soil conditioner for organic farming. It contains up to 80 % organic matter with C/N ratio of 78 and pH 5.7-6.0, but is rather nutrient poor.</p><p>Organic field experiments on loamy sand with moderate soil fertility took place in Mikkeli, Finland in 2017-2018 in order to test the substance. The fertilization was based on commercial organic fertilizers: chicken manure and blood meal fertilizer in the first year and meat and bone meal fertilizer in the second one. The treatments were control (only fertilization) and one- or two-year applications of CB (40 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) with or without base ash (4 t ha<sup>-1</sup>). Other half of plots were left without substances in 2018.</p><p>No differences between treatments were observed without the base ash in any of years. A one-year application of crushed bark with base ash increased both spring wheat yield quantity and quality. The statistically significant effects were found for yield, N uptake, grain protein content, 1000-seed weight and hectolitre weight compared to control in 2018, a year after application. Despite the severe drought during that growing season, the wheat yields for CB with base ash and control were 3100 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> and 2250 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The positive effects of soil amendments were not as clear in the first year as in the following. No benefits were visible after two-year successive application of CB either alone or with base ash. Spruce CB in addition with base ash may be beneficial in terms of yield and quality when it is applied only once in large amounts. In our study the effects were overall greater in the following year after the application.</p>

scholarly journals Improving Biomethanation of Chicken Manure by Co-Digestion with Ethanol Plant Effluent

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae-Yeol Cheong ◽  
Jeffrey Todd Harvey ◽  
Jinsu Kim ◽  
Changsoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Methane Production Rate ◽  
Specific Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Ethanol Plant

As the global production of chicken manure has steadily increased, its proper management has become a challenging issue. This study examined process effluent from a bioethanol plant as a co-substrate for efficient anaerobic digestion of chicken manure. An anaerobic continuous reactor was operated in mono- and co-digestion modes by adding increasing amounts of the ethanol plant effluent (0%, 10%, and 20% (v/v) of chicken manure). Methanogenic performance improved significantly in terms of both methane production rate and yield (by up to 66% and 36%, respectively), with an increase in organic loading rate over the experimental phases. Correspondingly, the specific methanogenic activity was significantly higher in the co-digestion sludge than in the mono-digestion sludge. The reactor did not suffer any apparent process imbalance, ammonia inhibition, or nutrient limitation throughout the experiment, with the removal of volatile solids being stably maintained (56.3–58.9%). The amount of ethanol plant effluent appears to directly affect the rate of acidification, and its addition at ≥20% (v/v) to chicken manure needs to be avoided to maintain a stable pH. The overall results suggest that anerobic co-digestion with ethanol plant effluent may provide a practical means for the stable treatment and valorization of chicken manure.

Effect of dietary protein and energy on growth and fibre characteristics of british angora goats

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 68-68
Author(s):  
Md. Shahjalal ◽  
H. Galbraith ◽  
J.H. Topps
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fibre Production ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Angora Goats

There is increasing interest in the diversification of animal production systems to produce products which are not in surplus nationally. Fine fibre production from goats is one such subject area. Previous studies (e.g. Huston, 1980; Calhoun et al, 1988) in other countries have suggested that the yield and quality of mohair fibre may be influenced by nutritional factors such as protein and energy. The aim of the work reported here was to investigate the effects of differences in dietary protein and energy on body growth and yield and quality of mohair fibre produced by British Angora goats.Twenty four male castrate British Angora goats of Australasian origin with an initial liveweight of 23.5 kg were used in a 112 day study. The goats were housed in individual pens and introduced to pelleted diets over a period of three weeks. The animals were allocated to four dietary treatments by randomised block design according to liveweight. The animals received diets containing, per kg dry matter, concentrations of estimated metabolizable energy of 10.2 MJ (LE) or 11.9 MJ (HE) and crude protein concentrations of 108 g (LP) or 180 g (HP) in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment. The animals were offered high energy diets (30 g/kg liveweight) which were increased when live weight increased by 1.0 kg. The goats on the low energy rations were offered amounts equivalent to 0.85 of the ME intake from HE diets. The live weight gain and food intake were recorded weekly.

Start-up of an aerobic granular sequencing batch reactor for the treatment of winery wastewater

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. López–Palau ◽  
J. Dosta ◽  
J. Mata-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Winery Wastewater ◽  
Start Up

Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) in order to remove the organic matter present in winery wastewater. The formation of granules was performed using a synthetic substrate. The selection parameter was the settling time, as well as the alternation of feast-famine periods, the air velocity and the height/diameter ratio of the reactor. After 10 days of operation under these conditions, the first aggregates could be observed. Filamentous bacteria were still present in the reactor but they disappeared progressively. During the start-up, COD loading was increased from 2.7 to 22.5 kg COD/(m3 day) in order to obtain a feast period between 30 and 60 minutes. At this point, granules were quite round, with a particle diameter between 3.0 and 4.0 mm and an average density of 6 g L−1. After 120 days of operation, synthetic media was replaced by real winery wastewater, with a COD loading of 6 kg COD/(m3 day). The decrease of the organic load implied a reduction of the aggregate diameter and a density increase up to 13.2 g L−1. The effluent was free of organic matter and the solids concentration in the reactor reached 6 g VSS L−1.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document