scholarly journals THE TENSION BETWEEN CREATED TIME AND REAL TIME IN ANDREI TARKOVSKY’S FILM ANDREI RUBLIOV

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-340
Author(s):  
Jūratė Baranova
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
Slow Speed ◽  
French Cinema ◽  
Cinematic Time ◽  
Russian Film ◽  
Andrei Tarkovsky ◽  
Time Image

This article starts with the presumption that Russian film director Andrei Tarkovsky (1932–1986) created a new conception of cinematic time. This impact on the theory of modern cinema was examined by philosopher Gilles Deleuze (1925–1995) in his book Cinema 2: The Time-Image (in French: Cinéma 2, L’Image-Temps, 1985). The article asks the question: what were the conceptual and social circumstances for everyday time to be implemented in a specific movie? As an example, it takes the film Andrei Rubliov (director Andrei Tarkovsky, 1969), which underwent protracted critique and compulsory shortening. The article asks the question: what is the meaning and significance of the cuts made when passing from the first version of The Passion according to Andrei (in Russian: Strasti po Andreyu, director Tarkovsky, 1966) to the final Andrei Rubliov? What is the meaning of the cuts made to the scenes of violence and nudity? The research conclusions are: the impatience of the critics who demanded that the long scenes in The Passion according to Andrei be shortened speaks not about defects in the film, nor about the inability of Tarkovsky to calculate time, but rather about the inability of observers to grasp Tarkovky’s new conception of cinematic time. According to Deleuze, in his attempt to transfer into cinema the slow speed of everyday life, Tarkovsky created a feature of modern cinema, and made a turn from movement towards time; time in this particular movie is already made visible.

scholarly journals Komunikacinė meditacija, arba kinas kaip filosofinė struktūra. Kino režisieriaus A. Tarkovskio ir filosofo G. Deleuze'o sankirta

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Andrius Gudauskas
Keyword(s):  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
Philosophy Of Communication ◽  
Flow Of Time ◽  
Theoretical Conception ◽  
Cinematic Time ◽  
Modern Mass ◽  
Time Image ◽  
Philosophical Questions ◽  
Philosophical Structure

Modernios komunikacijos priemonės imasi ryžtingai dalyvauti filosofijos mokslo diskurse. Šiame kontekste filosofas Gilles Deleuze ypač išskiria kino filmų vaidmenį, nes dažnai būtent šiuolaikiniai kino režisieriai ryžtingai tiesia tiltą tarp kino meno ir filosofijos. Moderniame kine, pasitelkus kinematografinę techniką, keliami ir formuojami nauji aktualūs filosofiniai klausimai. Matome, kad A. Tarkovskio filmuose rutuliojama esminė filosofinė idėja yra fundamentali amžinojo laiko idėja. Šiame straipsnyje kinematografinio laiko ir jo tėkmės pristatymo problema aptariama sąlytyje su filosofine Deleuze kino teorija ir komunikacijos filosofija apskritai. Tarkovskio kinematografinė mintis evoliucionuoja kuriant tam tikrą oponavimo poziciją materialistinei dialektinei S. Eizenšteino kino teorijai. Sampratai, redukuojančiai laiką kine į faktologinį ir mechanistinį ritmą, Tarkovskis priešpriešina tikroviškos ir nenutrūkstamos laiko tėkmės užfiksavimo ilgame plane (plan-séquence) praktinę bei teorinę koncepciją. Ilgi ir paskiri planai suardo racionalią klasikinę kino filmo struktūrą ir įgyvendina jame „iracionalų trūkį“. Analizuojama, kaip pavieniai ilgi kino planai, išsilaisvinę iš racionalių tarpusavio saitų, įgyvendina laikiškumo šukių: praeities,sapnų, atsiminimų ir pan. ontologinę bei konvergencinę jungtį nenutrūkstamo laiko tėkmėje.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: kinematografinis planas, kino montažas, komunikacija, filosofinė kino teorija, realus laikas, abstraktus laikas, vaizdas-judesys (image-mouvement), vaizdas-laikas (image-temps), ilgas planas (plan-séquence), trukmė (durée), laiko „presavimas“.Communicational meditation or cinema as a philosophical structure. Confrontation between a film director (Tarkovsky) and a philosopher (Deleuze)Andrius Gudauskas SummaryThe modern mass media are trying to take an active part in the philosophical scientific discourse. In this context, philosopher Gilles Deleuze makes a special emphasis on the role of films, because contemporary cinema directors are truly resolute in building bridges between cinema as an art and philosophy. Due to cinematic technologies, philosophical questions of new importance are being raised in modern cinema. The essential philosophical idea found in Tarkovsky’s films is the fundamental idea of eternal time. This article discusses the problem of representing cinematic time and its flow in relationship with Deleuze’s philosophical theory of cinema as well as with the general philosophy of communication. Tarkovsky’s cinematic thought evolves while creating a certain kind of opposotion to Eizenstein’s dialectically materealistic theory of cinema. Installing the true and continuous flow of time in a long plan-séquence, Tarkovsky opposes his practical and theoretical conception which reduces cinematic time to the factological and mechanistic rhythm alone. Thus, his prolonged separate planes destroy the rational classical structure of the film and introduces an “irrational break” into it. We analyze the ways how separate long plan-sequences liberated from their rational mutual ties, can present in the course of continuos flow of time the ontological and convergent links between such pieces of temporality as past reminiscences and dreams. Key words: cinematic plan, cinema montage, communication, philosophy of cinema, real time, abstract time, image-mouvement, image-temps, planséquence, duration (durée), pressing of time.

397 Intra-tumor immunotherapy injections utilizing image guidance in interventional radiology: clinical trial experience at a tertiary care cancer center

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A422-A422
Author(s):  
Ravi Murthy ◽  
Rahul Sheth ◽  
Alda Tam ◽  
Sanjay Gupta ◽  
Vivek Subbiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Image Guidance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Imaging Guidance ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Real Time Image ◽  
Time Image

BackgroundImage guided intra-tumor administration of investigational immunotherapeutic agents represents an expanding field of interest. We present a retrospective review of the safety, feasibility & technical nuances of real-time image guidance for injection & biopsy across a spectrum of extracranial solid malignancies utilizing the discipline of Interventional Radiology.MethodsPatients who were enrolled in image guided intratumoral immunotherapy injection (ITITI) clinical trials over a 6 year period (2013–19) at a single tertiary care cancer center were included in this analysis. Malignancy, location, imaging guidance utilized for ITITI & biopsy for injected (adscopal) & non-injected (abscopal) lesions were determined and categorized. Peri-procedural adverse events were noted.Results262 pts (146 female, 61 yrs median) participating in 29 immunotherapeutic clinical trials (TLR & STING agonists, gene therapy, anti CD-40, viral/bacterial/metabolic oncolytics) met study criteria. Malignancies included melanoma 88, sarcoma 32, colorectal 29, breast 23, lung 17, head & neck 15, ovarian 8, neuroendocrine 7, pancreatic adenocarcinoma 6, 3 each (cholangioCA, endometrial, bladder, GI tract), 2 each (RCC, thymicCA, lymphoma, merkel cell, prostate) & others 1 each (CUP, GIST, dermatofibrosarcoma, DSRT, neuroblastoma, thyroid). All 169 & 93 patients received the intended 1371 ITITI in parietal (abdominal/chest wall, extremity, neck, pelvis) or visceral (liver, lung, peritoneum, adrenal) locations respectively; 83 patients received lymph node injections within either location. Imaging guidance was US in 68% of the cohort (US 161, CT+US 19); CT was used in 30% (81) & MRI in 1 patient. Median diameter of the ITITI lesion was 32 mm (8–230 mm). Median volume of the ITITI therapeutic material/session was 2 ml (1–6.9 ml). Lesions were accessed using a coaxial technique. ITITI delivery needles used at operator preference & tailored to lesion characteristics were either a 21G/22G Chiba, 21G Profusion (Cook Medical), 22G Morrison (AprioMed), 25G hypodermic (BD) & 18G Quadrafuse (Rex Medical). 2840 core biopsies (>18G Tru-cut core, Mission, Bard Medical) were performed in 237 patients during 690 procedures; biopsy sessions were often concurrent & of the ITITI site. 137 patients also underwent biopsy of a non-ITITI site (89 parietal location). Dimensions of the non-ITITI lesion were median 10 mm (7–113 mm); US image guidance was used in 97 patients (72%) to obtain a total of 1257, >18G Tru-core samples. 1.3% of injections resulted in SAE (NCI CTC AE >3) and 0.5% of 4097 biopsies developed major complications (SIR Criteria); both categories were manageable.ConclusionsUtilizing real time image guidance, ITITI to the administration of a myriad of investigational immunotherapeutic agents with concomitant biopsy procedures to date are associated with a high technical success rate & favorable safety profile.AcknowledgementsJoshua Hein, Mara Castaneda, Jyotsna Pera, Yunfang Jiang,Shuang Liu, Holly Liu and Anna LuiTrial RegistrationN/AEthics ApprovalThe study was approved by Institution’s Ethics Board, approval number 2020-0536: A retrospective study to determine the safety, feasibility and technical challenges of real-time image guidance for intra-tumor injection and biopsy across multiple solid tumors.Consent2020-0536 Waiver of Informed ConsentReferenceSheth RA, Murthy R, Hong DS, et al. Assessment of image-guided intratumoral delivery of immunotherapeutics in patients with cancer. JAMA Netw Open 2020;3(7):e207911. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.7911

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