scholarly journals Semantic Models of Sentences with Verbs of Motion in Standard Language and in Scientific Language Used in Biology

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Vita Banionytė
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Theory ◽  
Scientific Language ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Verbs Of Motion ◽  
Semantic Models ◽  
German Standard ◽  
Semantic Process ◽  
High Level

The semantic models of sentences with verbs of motion in German standard language and in scientific language used in biology are analyzed in the article. In its theoretic part it is affirmed that the article is based on the semantic theory of the sentence. This theory, in its turn, is grounded on the correlation of semantic predicative classes and semantic roles. The combination of semantic predicative classes and semantic roles is expressed by the main semantic formula – proposition. In its practical part the differences between the semantic models of standard and scientific language used in biology are explained. While modelling sentences with verbs of motion, two groups of semantic models of sentences are singled out: that of action (Handlung) and process (Vorgang). The analysis shows that the semantic models of sentences with semantic action predicatives dominate in the text of standard language while the semantic models of sentences with semantic process predicatives dominate in the texts of scientific language used in biology. The differences how the doer and direction are expressed in standard and in scientific language are clearly seen and the semantic cases (Agens, Patiens, Direktiv1) help to determine that. It is observed that in scientific texts of high level of specialization (biology science) in contrast to popular scientific literature models of sentences with moving verbs are usually seldom found. They are substituted by denominative constructions. In conclusions it is shown that this analysis can be important in methodics, especially planning material for teaching professional-scientific language.

Vorlesung und Hörsaal als Symptomwörter für Geschichte und Gegenwart der deutschen Sprache

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-595
Author(s):  
Wolf Peter Klein
Keyword(s):  
Academic Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Lecture Hall ◽  
Scientific Language ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Epochal Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
German Standard ◽  
The One

Abstract The article starts with the etymology of the words Vorlesung („lecture“) and Hörsaal (“lecture hall”). On the one hand, it turns out that the two expressions are deeply anchored in the history of the old Latin scientific language. They transmit Latin structures and perspectives in German neologisms. On the other hand, the two words arose exactly at the time when the sciences were moving from Latin to German, thus distancing themselves from the traditional forms of Latin scholarship. In this light, they exemplify an epochal change in the history of the German language, but at the same time they represent a great European continuity. Against this background, the two words can be interpreted as symptomatic words associated with the Enlightenment’s confident outlook on the future relationship between science and society. Further corpus linguistic surveys also show how productively the two words appear in word formation processes. In particular, these surveys show by way of example that and how German standard language has benefited from the emergence of German academic language.

Socio-Communicative Approach to the Borrowing in the Ukrainian Tax Terminology

2019 ◽  
pp. 212-220
Author(s):  
Olena Chorna
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
National Language ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Scientific Language ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Integral System ◽  
Language System ◽  
Scientific Terminology ◽  
High Level

The influence of scientific terminology on the formation of the national language is manifested in the expansion of the terminological vocabulary of the Ukrainian language at the expense of words associated with new types of mental and practical activity, in interaction with the lexical system of living, spoken language, in categorical differentiation of lexemes (belonging to different categories – names processes, objects, phenomena, individuals, institutions), in the formation of the first system formations on the disparate terms basis. Tax terminology belongs to the ancient layers of the lexical system, its formation depends on many linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. The functioning of the tax vocabulary as a certain integral system, its development and ordering were the least studied of Ukrainian Linguistic issues. The least studied in linguistic-Ukrainian studies were the questions of the functioning of the tax vocabulary as a certain integral system, its development and organization. The analysis of the historical background of economic activity in the Ukrainian language aspect, is closely linked to the Ukrainian political history. In addition, we take into account the geopolitical situation that arose as a result of the distribution of Ukrainian lands for several centuries between different states, where Ukrainians followed to legislations of these countries, where the rights and status of the Ukrainian language manifested itself in different ways. Different linguistic and political orientations of the regions of Ukraine had influenced on the formation of the tax terminology on the Dnieper and Dniester territories. As follows, there were extralinguistic factors of analyzed terms borrowing which had the main influence on the process, such as: Integration processes in science, the high level of development of this science-applied discipline in the countries of Western Europe. The long existence of Ukraine in conditions of economic, socio-political and cultural dependence on neighbouring states. As a result of the historical and political factors, the stages of free, natural development of terminology, dominance in all spheres of special language, specifically Ukrainian vocabulary, as alternating with the stages of artificial Russification, polonization or Germanization of the economic vocabulary of the Ukrainian language with parallel withdrawal from the circulation of terms created on its own linguistic basis. The sources of the Ukrainian tax terminology were such languages as Latin, Greek, French, German, Lithuanian, Italian, English, Turkish, Arabic, Polish. The situation of uncertainty and ambiguity of approaches that has developed in Ukraine in the field of scientific language (scientific style in general) requires serious linguistic analysis and developing of specific recommendations for the creation and use of terms due to their solidity in science and the language, convenience, and the correspondence of the Ukrainian language system. That is why particular importance is the question of the correlation of the national language and foreign languages terms, the role of borrowing in the system of development modern Ukrainian terminology. The best option is to use national terms if they correspond to the optimal aesthetic, linguistic and cultural characteristics, psychological characteristics. The situation of uncertainty ambiguity of approaches which has developed in Ukraine in the field of the scientific language, (the scientific style in general),needs serious linguistic analysis and making specific recommendations as for creating and using terms, considering on their solidity in science and language, convenience, compliance with the Ukrainian language system.

Semantic process mining: A conceptual application of main tools, framework and model analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-147
Author(s):  
Kingsley Okoye
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Process Mining ◽  
Mining Method ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Semantic Reasoning ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
Semantic Concepts ◽  
Semantic Process ◽  
High Level ◽  
Information Semantics

Semantics has been a major challenge when applying the process mining (PM) technique to real-time business processes. The several theoretical and practical efforts to bridge the semantic gap has spanned the advanced notion of the semantic-based process mining (SPM). Fundamentally, the SPM devotes its methods to the idea of making use of existing (semantic) technologies to support the analysis of PM techniques. In principle, the semantic-based process mining method is applied through the acquisition and representation of abstract knowledge about the domain processes in question. To this effect, this paper demonstrates how the semantic concepts and process modelling (reasoning) methods are used to improve the outcomes of PM techniques from the syntactic to a more conceptual level. To do this, the study proposes an SPM-based framework that shows to be intelligent with a high level of semantic reasoning aptitudes. Technically, this paper introduces a process mining approach that uses information (semantics) about different activities that can be found in any given process to make inferences and generate rules or patterns through the method for annotation, semantic reasoning, and conceptual assertions. In turn, the method is theoretically applied to enrich the informative values of the resultant models. Also, the study conducts and systematically reviews the current tools and methods that are used to support the outcomes of the process mining as well as evaluates the results of the different methods to determine the levels of impact and its implications for process mining.

Von “hinichen” und honorablen Sprachen: Variationen, ihre Linguistiken und verbale Deixissysteme

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-250
Author(s):  
Werner Abraham
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Specific Criterion ◽  
Verbs Of Motion ◽  
Theoretical Pattern ◽  
General Abstract

ABSTRACTThis essay addresses in general lines the issue of variance within some languages and how such variances are linked systematically, i.e., on the basis of some general abstract theoretical pattern, with the standard language. Several such variances are illustrated ranging from regiolects to sociolects of German, and it is shown what the abstract pattern is that serves as the base of description of the standard as well as the sociolectal and regiolectal variances. The main body of the text is dedicated to a specific criterion of variation, namely the deictic features in the grammars of COME and GO in German, English, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. To the extent that the five languages deviate considerably from one another in choosing one against the other of the two verbs of motion, an inventory of sociopragmatic conditions has been uncovered which plays the guiding role in selecting deictic alternatives and which can be considered to be of universal status. The bottom line is that there are conditions, beyond those of semantic and grammatical selection, i.e., sociopragmatic ones which systematically determine choices from some well-conditioned lexical paradigms.

scholarly journals Metalinguistic Activity of Wordplay Creator in Classroom Bilungual Dialogs

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-88
Author(s):  
M. O. Kunshchikova
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
The Creation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Metalinguistic Activity

The article introduces the reader to the phenomenon of wordplay in the dialogues of classroom bilinguals with a high level of the English proficiency, who practice this foreign language either in classroom environment, or in real communication. It is emphasized that the dialogues around the facts of wordplay become the locus of metalinguistic utterances of the participants in this speech act. The purpose of this article is to identify the metalanguage utterances of the wordplay creator which open access to the creator’s metalanguage consciousness through the identification of his speech strategies. The novelty of the research is that a foreign language speech is used as the wordplay source, and the wordplay is equated with the phenomenon of the metalanguage nature. The author presents the concept of normema as a standard language unit of the target foreign language, which turns out to be a trigger for the creation of non-standard language units or igremas. It is noted that the wordplay creator uses both the purely formal and meaningful wordplay, and the non-standard language units created by him function as socially directed at a specific addressee. A detailed systematization of the creator’s metalanguage comments accompanying the wordplay input is given, namely, the linguistic and communicative comments, which demonstrates the metalanguage logic of constructing a speech act.

The Proposition of a Framework for Semantic Process Mining

2014 ◽  
Vol 1051 ◽  
pp. 995-999
Author(s):  
Yong Xin Liao ◽  
Eduardo Rocha Loures ◽  
Eduardo Alves Portela Santos ◽  
Osiris Canciglieri
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
Business Process Management ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Process Mining ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Event Logs ◽  
Semantic Mining ◽  
Semantic Models ◽  
Footprint Analysis ◽  
Semantic Process

As one of the hot topics in Business Process Management (BPM), process mining aims at constructing models to explain what is actually happening from different perspectives based on the process-related information that automatically extracted from event logs. Because the semantics of the data that recorded in event logs are not usually explicit, current mining approaches are somewhat limited. A number of studies have been carried out in the combination use of formalized semantic models and process mining technologies to obtain the semantic mining capability. However, among these researches, there is lack of a guideline that can clearly illustrate different stages during the semantic process mining. The objective of this study is to present a general framework, which unambiguously expresses the main stages of the semantic process mining. Based on this framework, an example about carbon footprint analysis is used to show the possibility of obtaining advantages from semantic process mining.

scholarly journals Thematic Roles Are Not Semantic Roles

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan G. van Voorst
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Theory ◽  
Event Structure ◽  
Language Learner ◽  
Thematic Roles ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Principal Role ◽  
Subject Selection

Abstract This article discusses the value of thematic roles for the description of phenomena of grammar. Notions like agent, patient, etc. do not have any explanatory value in the grammar. For instance, there is no relationship between the middle, subject selection in English and the impersonal passive in Dutch and these roles. This makes it impossible for the language learner to distil them from the grammatical system. The notion of Event Structure creates a more explanatory link between the grammar and semantics. This notion explains the functioning of impersonal passive in Dutch. It is notions like this one that should play a principal role in a more explanatory semantic theory.

scholarly journals STANDARD AND REALITIES OF LANGUAGE PRESENTATION OF DENTAL DISCOURSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 9.1 (85.1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetyana Leshchenko ◽  
◽  
Maryna Zhovnir ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scientific Language ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
Morphological Organization ◽  
Primary Focus

The article deals with the typical mistakes of dental scientific researches – original theses, articles, manuals, textbooks, monographs, texts of abstracts and dissertations, etc. The necessity to form and develop language competence in academics has been showed. The research aims to focus attention on the importance of language presentation of the current scientific thoughts, ideas and hypotheses. According to this, the focus of this research has been shifted to the peculiarities of the development and potential of the scientific language. So, its quality and normalization have been considered by the authors. They interpret this aspect as interesting and extremely urgent problems of modern humanitarian science. The authors also mentioned the need to clarify the necessity of visible improvement of the scientific publication. Certain other priorities for modern scholars, such as monitoring the quality of its basic standard were pointed out. It is generally known, that there are diversity of discourses and each of them has its own particular tools. Apart from their specific discursive characteristic, either one of them has a number of language features. This is not only in the area of communication. Firstly, it concerns essential ideas about discursive representation according to the current language norms. This article deals with the dental discourse. Or more precisely, the primary focus is on its proper grammar. In this response the diversity of dental scientific researches – original theses, articles, manuals, textbooks, monographs, etc. has been analyzed in detail. The typical grammatical, in particular morphological mistakes of the above-mentioned scientific and materials and teaching aids have been showed. Scientific texts as well as various learning and teaching materials on dentistry have been examined from the point of view of the correctness of their morphological organization. The examples of incorrect usage of curtain language units in the samples of scientific dental discourse have been described and characterized. The appropriate utilizing of mail gendered terms (genitive case) has been also analyzed.

scholarly journals BORROWINGS FROM THE POLISH LANGUAGE IN THE BELARUSIAN SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
K. P. Liubetskaya
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Scientific Language ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Cultural Revival ◽  
Science Texts ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Linguistic Influences

This article examines interaction specifics of the Belarusian and Polish languages in scientific texts at the beginning of the 20th century. On the basis of scientific and educational, popular science texts and lexicographic materials, the characteristics of polonisms, their subject and thematic affiliation, as well as the peculiarities of their formal adaptation on the Belarusian linguistic basis are carried out. The work uses descriptive, contrastive and comparative historical methods, which were useful during the examination of polonisms in Belarusian language. The author establishes the dependence of the interacting nature of contacting languages on various intralingual and external factors, which predetermined the nature of the interlanguage relations of the Belarusian and Polish languages at the beginning of the 20th century. For all the lexical inequality of scientific texts, their linguistic unity was formed due to a common goal – the transmission of scientific information. In general, the analysis showed that when borrowings from the Polish language are used in the texts of Belarusian science, there is no consistency. Accordingly, it can be stated that the influence of the Polish language on the Belarusian scientific language is not characterized by depth, and the language of Belarusian science at the beginning of the 20th century was not oversaturated with polonisms. This was probably facilitated by the tendencies of the Belarusian linguistic and cultural revival, the dominant of which was primarily the orientation towards national identity and, accordingly, the limitation of foreign linguistic influences.

scholarly journals Information transformation as the basis for probabilistic thinking development of biology students at a pedagogical university

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-291
Author(s):  
Irina Yunusovna Azizova
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Information ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Personal Meaning ◽  
Scientific Language ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Biology Students ◽  
Probabilistic Thinking ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Information Transformation ◽  
Important Activity

In the conditions of an intensive information flow and the expansion of the authors rights, there has been a change in the ways of working with scientific texts, in filling them with meaning. Working on text transformation, in whatever forms it may take place, is the most important activity for mastering the scientific language. Sketching (the method of visual notes) can be successfully used in teaching at a higher school, since it stimulates the cognitive activity of students from understanding the authors intention of the text to its transformation and giving personal meaning. Sketching is a convenient tool for the perception and processing of scientific information. These are polycode texts in which information is transmitted by verbal and non-verbal figurative and pictorial means. It is also a method for rendering the content. These are also techniques for working with texts that make it easier for students to work with complex information (facilitate the perception and understanding of their content). This paper gives recommendations on the use of sketching for students to study texts on the history and methodology of biology. Mastering the basics of in-depth understanding and creative reproduction of the text, their repeated playback provides the basis for the development of the teachers professionalism.

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