scholarly journals CHANGES IN RETAIL INDUSTRY IN THE EU

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blazenka Knezevic ◽  
Sanda Renko ◽  
Nikola Knego
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Candidate Country ◽  
Retail Industry ◽  
Concentration Process ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Eu

Retail is an important industry of each national economy. In the EU, it is an important source of employment and significantly contributes to the GDP creation. Moreover, almost one fifth of all companies are registered in retail industry. In the past decade, retail industry is changing from applying domestically oriented towards internationally oriented business strategies. The importance of large companies is this industry is growing, too. Retail trade concentration process is recognized in all EU countries. In this paper, some of prevailing trends in retail industry are analyzed and explained. The analysis includes EU countries and Croatia as EU candidate country.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cultural sphere development in the European Union countries as a factor of forming social capital and creative industries: experience for Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 184 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Marianna Kichurchak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
European Union ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
The Eu

Taking into account the European integration course of Ukraine, it is necessary to evaluate the socio-economic conditions of cultural sphere development in the countries of the European Union, because it is an integral part of creative industries and improvement of social capital. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors of cultural sphere development in the EU countries due to its importance for the system of creative industries and the process of social capital accumulation, outlining the possibilities of European experience adaptation in this sphere for Ukraine. The scientific and methodology approaches were developed to the definition of cultural sphere development factors in the EU countries from the point of view of its influence on the formation of social capital and creative industries. A comparative analysis of socio-economic development of cultural sphere in 2011-2019 was realized, including evaluation of spatial differences in its functioning on the base of variation indicators calculating and tracking their dynamics. The specification of multiple regression models was done, in which the explained variables became employment in cultural sphere (Y1) and the value of its gross value added (Y2). It is found out that the place and significance of the cultural sphere for the national economy of each EU country differ, whereas the environment of its functioning is relatively stable, which contributes to the formation of proper conditions for the accumulation of social capital and the development of creative industries. It is substantiated that spatial differences in cultural sphere development have been intensified in the EU countries due to the different intensity of social capital and creative industries network formation. The multiple regression analysis revealed that a number of explanatory variables (demographic situation, tourism activity, unemployment rate, and education index) influence employment and gross value added of the cultural sphere. It is determined that for the cultural sphere of Ukraine, taking into account the European integration and experience of the EU countries, it is important to ensure the stability of cultural sphere, minimize the effects of the demographic crisis, promote tourism development, and regulate the employment policy, which, due to synergy, will influence the social capital and the positions of creative industries in the national economy.

Demonized, domesticated, virtualized: fortification buildings as a case of Prussian heritage in present-day Kaliningrad

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Narvselius
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Military Architecture ◽  
Soviet History ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Eu

The article explores ways in which the nineteenth-century Prussian military architecture has been used and promoted as a part of the local heritage in the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad. Accommodation of the old fortification buildings to tourism and museum work has been publicly discussed since the beginning of the 2000s, but neither local nor federal authorities have proposed a plan to adapt them to non-military purposes. As a result, these structures, which are protected by federal heritage laws and uniformly built of characteristic red bricks, have become an arena for various initiatives, experiments, and games with the past. Strategies of virtualization discussed in the paper reveal a lack of open public discussion about dark episodes of Russian and Soviet history. Consequently, it is important to learn more about how and why contemporary Kaliningraders appropriate the local German legacies, use globally accepted strategies of heritage construction, and develop cooperation with the EU countries, while remaining receptive to official historical narratives promulgated by the national center.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL MARKET OF UKRAINE AT THE EXPENSE OF TRUFFLE EXPORTS TO EU COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Maschenko ◽  
◽  
Liudmyla Tiveriadska ◽  
Daria Vydai ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Land Market ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
The Eu

The article provides economic indicators of the EU and Ukraine, in particular the share of agriculture and indicators of food exports and imports. The changes that took place have been analyzed in the land market and in general in the market of agricultural products of Ukraine, and it was found that during 2015-2019 there was a negative trend of decreasing economic efficiency of agricultural production. It is concluded that the level of profitability of production of horticultural, grain and legume crops tends to decrease. It was found that the structure of exports of Ukrainian products is dominated by crop products, and the share of livestock products is insignificant. Noted that the increase in the value of exports of agricultural goods over the past three years is positive and the most profitable now will be the export of truffles from Ukraine to EU countries. According to FAOSTAT (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), namely the indicators of profitability and production of truffles, a conclusion was made on the competitiveness of Ukrainian truffles in the EU market. It has been determined that the agricultural sector activity has positive and negative moments in the territories of Ukraine. It has been concluded that the Ukrainian government has to focus on a policy aimed at balancing the tax burden, introducing certification for the European market.

scholarly journals The Obstacles of Serbia in Obtaining the European Union Membership Status

POLITEA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Firmansyah Firmansyah ◽  
Ali Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Criminal Tribunal ◽  
Candidate Country ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
War Criminals ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Eu

<p>The European Union (EU) is an intergovernmental and supranational organization enlarging its membership since its formation. Due to the benefits, neighboring European countries are volunteering to join the EU. One of the EU candidate member countries is Serbia. In the process of gaining the status of EU candidate country, Serbia has faced many challenges and yet to fulfill the Copenhagen criteria as the conditions of membership by transforming and strengthening democracy. In the economic field, it is struggling to develop free markets and the rule of law. Serbia has collaborated with the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) to process the war criminals in the past. Serbia succeeded in obtaining the status of candidate membership of the EU on March 1, 2012, which then became its new chapter.  </p>

scholarly journals Have the European Funds been able to reduce the differences in the level of unemployment between the countries of the Euro area? A reflection on the past, present and future of European programs

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (50) ◽  
pp. 270-286
Author(s):  
Miguel BLANCO ◽  
◽  
Mar MUÑOZ ◽  
Julia RANCHAL ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Maastricht Treaty ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Eu

One of the fundamental objectives of the Maastricht Treaty is the sustainable development of the European Union (EU) countries. Since its entry into force, large investments have been approved to finance convergence programs. The aim of this article is to determine if the investments made to date have managed to reduce the differences in unemployment rates among the EU countries. The Theil index has been calculated on the unemployment figures of the countries of the Eurozone during the period 2008-2019.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN ENERGY AS A WAY TO ENERGY INDEPENDENCE OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY: EXPERIENCE OF EU COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yevheniia Anatoliyivna Ziabina ◽  
◽  
Tetyana Volodymyrivna Pimonenko ◽  
Oleksii Valentynovych Lyulyov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Energy Independence ◽  
The Eu

Urgency of the research. With a constant increase in prices and tariffs of energy resources consumption raises the urgent issue of spreading renewable energy and changes in the of the energy balance structure. Target setting. Adopted by the European vector of Ukraine determines synchronization energy policy. Therefore, the country needs to solve the problems caused by the imperfection of legal framework and the lack of effective mechanisms to encourage green energy. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The authors analyzed the scientific works of scientists who study the statistical significance between the development of alternative energy and the competitiveness of the national economy. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Identified deficiencies in providing the legal regulation of renewable energy in the energy complex. The research objective. The article aims to systematize the benefits, barriers and prospects of development of green energy in Ukraine, and to identify effective mechanisms for dissemination of alternative energy given the experience of the EU. The statement of basic materials. The article systematizes the prospects and barriers to the spread of renewable energy in Ukraine. The authors analyze the forecast results of the National Action Plan for Renewable Energy until 2020 and the Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2035. The paper systematizes the scientific achievements in the field of green energy and energy security. Conclusions. The analysis of the experience of green energy development by the EU countries provides an opportunity to form the main directions of ensuring Ukraine's energy independence through renewable energy sources. Considering the forecasted indicators of development of the carbon-neutral economy, the problem of adaptation of Ukrainian energy saving standards to EU requirements is relevant.

scholarly journals IMPORTANCE OF FUNDED PENSION SCHEMES IN PROVISION OF PENSIONS: THE EXPERIENCE OF LATVIA AND THE OLD EU COUNTRIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Jekaterina Jefremova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Pension Plan ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
Retirement Security ◽  
Pension Benefits ◽  
The Eu

During the past 20 years, pension reforms in the EU countries have lowered pension benefits. As a consequence of reforms each person’s responsibility for the result has increased. Examples of such reforms are those in Latvia (1995–2001), Germany (2001–2004) and the Netherlands (2004–2010). The essential part of future pension sufficiency is based on funded pension schemes, which are expected to prevent poverty and ensure the replacement of sufficient income in old age.The government defines a significant role to funded pension schemes. It is important to take into consideration major structural weaknesses in relation to social security. This includes such aspects as security and payment levels, risk management of savings and payment phases, tax implications and necessity of pension plan monitoring. These are all the problems to be solved in order to draw funded schemes as an integral part of retirement security among investors.This paper investigates the importance of funded pension schemes in securing pension in Latvia and in some old EU countries.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the economic role of agriculture in the EU countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
Z. Sojková ◽  
B. Stehlíková
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Eu Members ◽  
The Eu

The role of agriculture within the frame of the enlarged EU is analysed in this paper. There is a&nbsp;requirement to perceive the tendency towards the downgrading of the status of agriculture in the national economy of the EU countries with the respect of the differences in the importance of agriculture mainly in the countries that are the new EU members. The role of agriculture is characterised by the following indices: share of the agricultural employees in the total employment, share of the added value of&nbsp; agriculture in the GDP, and index of the value added per one agricultural worker. These indices are the base for the construction of the &ldquo;index of economic importance of the agriculture&rdquo; which are the countries ranged by. A&nbsp;multidimensional classification of the countries was realised by the cluster analysis that divided the countries into three clusters accordingly to their similarity with regards to the importance of their agriculture in their national economy.

scholarly journals Variation in Dual Citizenship Policies in the Countries of the EU

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Morjé Howard
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Full Membership ◽  
Dual Citizenship ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Differences ◽  
New Eu Members ◽  
Scholarly Attention ◽  
The Eu

While the concept of citizenship has received considerable scholarly attention in recent years, few studies focus on the increasingly prevalent reality of dual citizenship, or full membership – with its respective rights, privileges, and obligations – in two different countries. The main objective of this article is to conceptualize, measure, and classify variation in dual citizenship in the countries of the European Union. I start by recounting the historical opposition to dual citizenship and by describing its emergence in recent decades. I then develop a “Citizenship Policy Index” that accounts for some of the intricacies associated with citizenship policies in general and dual citizenship policies in particular. I go on to apply these measures to the fifteen “older” EU countries in both the 1980s and the contemporary period – thus allowing for an analysis of the changes that have taken place over the past two decades – while also briefly examining the current policies of the ten new EU members. Overall, the findings point to surprisingly resilient national differences that stand out in contrast to the EU's institutional “harmonization” in so many other areas.

Forming an effective financial and investment environment in the eu countries-experience for Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Ryzhyuk Yevgeny
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Investment Environment ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Currency Exchange ◽  
Clearing System ◽  
Financial Infrastructure ◽  
Supranational Level ◽  
The Eu

The subject of the research is a set of institutional institutions and organizational and managerial relations that effectively regulate the financial and investment environment in the EU countries, comparing them with Ukrainian realities.The goal of writing this article is to develop practical and scientific-methodicalrecommendations on how to increase the efficiency of using financial and investment potential based on the experience of EU countries. The methodology of thework-system-structural and comparative studies (to understand the logic of thefunctioning of institutions that form the investment environment and the mechanisms of their interaction); monographic analysis (in studying the problems ofattracting investors); historical and economic analysis (in assessing the state andprospects of the European, as well as the Ukrainian economy). Results of work -it is revealed that modern European regulators are aimed at forming a holisticinvestment and financial infrastructure and investment platform at the supranational level. It was proposed to carry out further liberalization of currency regulation in Ukraine in order to transform it into a convenient and efficient electronicautomated currency exchange system and introduce the integration of the domestic depository system into the international depositary clearing system Clearstream.It was noted that the financial and investment environment in Ukraine is blockedand domestic monopolies are interested in this, thanks to lobbying in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and in the executive branch they have distorted financial,investment and currency legislation for their interests and needs. Conclusions-thepresence of a holistic investment and financial infrastructure in the EU countriesis due to the gradual convergence and unification of legislation at the nationallevel to the supranational level. In addition, it is reasonably high investment positions of Ireland in the world and it was proposed to use this experience to createa favorable financial and investment environment in Ukraine. Note that the formation of the financial and investment environment in Ukraine according to European standards is hampered by: oligarchic monopolies, which parasitizes mainly onnatural monopolies; government corruption; confusing and incomprehensible legislation for investors; high tax rates and tax administration system; instability ofthe banking system, the risks of hryvnia devaluation; the insecurity of landagrarian relations; as well as armed conflict in the east of Ukraine.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document