scholarly journals Circular economy opportunities for economic efficiency improvement in wood-based panel industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Neykov ◽  
Petar Antov ◽  
Viktor Savov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Great Volume ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Biomass Availability

The enhanced technological possibilities to utilise wood waste and residues in the production of wood-based panels can help towards the transition to a circular, low-carbon bioeconomy. The cascading use of wood resources, defined as “the efficient utilisation of resources by using residues and recycled materials for material use to extend total biomass availability within a given system” is one of the leading principles for achieving this goal. The wood-based panel industry is characterised by significant amounts of waste and residues that present a great volume potential for cascading. The aim of the present study is to define the basic guidelines for cascading use of wood waste from the production of wood-based panels and analyse the economic impact in terms of economic efficiency in line with the circular and bioeconomy principles. Time series analysis of wood waste and raw material flows in the Republic of Bulgaria, economic assessment of the current utilisation of wood waste in the wood-based panel industry along with comparative analysis of the potential utilization methods have been presented. The existing technical and market barriers to the cascading use of wood have also been discussed.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Wood-Processing Enterprises—Evaluation Based on DEA and MPI: A Comparison between Slovakia and Bulgaria for the Period 2014–2018

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1026
Author(s):  
Stanislava Krišťáková ◽  
Nikolay Neykov ◽  
Petar Antov ◽  
Mariana Sedliačiková ◽  
Roman Reh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

The ongoing transition to a low-carbon, sustainable forest-based economy, and the adoption of circular bioeconomy principles in the wood-processing industry is associated with the optimization of natural resources, application of environmentally sustainable production technologies, adoption of technological and organizational innovations, and increased economic efficiency and competitiveness. The implementation of all these measures can help to reach the biggest challenge of our time in the fight against climate change in a cost-effective and competitive way. The aim of this study was to estimate the technical efficiency of wood-processing companies in the Slovak Republic and the Republic of Bulgaria by applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist productivity index (MPI), and to reveal some factors for efficiency improvements. The economic efficiency evaluation based on official data was performed using selected indices of four wood-processing companies in each country in the period 2014–2018. The study implemented an output-oriented DEA model with constant returns to scale as a nonparametric linear approach for measuring the efficiency of production decision-making units (DMUs). The results obtained revealed that the studied Slovak companies were more efficient with better management in terms of machinery planning and overhead utilization. Markedly, the Bulgarian companies achieved better materials management and current planning quality. Increased economic efficiency of wood-processing enterprises in both countries can be realized through investments in innovative technological improvements, and enhanced research and development activities.

Fly ash as a raw material for low-carbon cement clinkers and its radiological properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miljana Mirković ◽  
Ljiljana Kljajević ◽  
Snežana Nenadović ◽  
Sabina Dolenec ◽  
Katarina Šter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Cement Clinkers ◽  
Radiological Properties

scholarly journals Mapping and Analysis of Biomass Supply Chains in Andalusia and the Republic of Ireland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4595
Author(s):  
Jennifer Attard ◽  
Helena McMahon ◽  
Pat Doody ◽  
Johan Belfrage ◽  
Catriona Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Biomass Feedstock ◽  
Mapping Model ◽  
Biomass Feedstocks ◽  
Biomass Resource ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Biomass Availability ◽  
Feedstock Availability

The bioeconomy can play a critical role in helping countries to find alternative sustainable sources of products and energy. Countries with diverse terrestrial and marine ecosystems will see diverging feedstock opportunities to develop these new value chains. Understanding the sources, composition, and regional availability of these biomass feedstocks is an essential first step in developing new sustainable bio-based value chains. In this paper, an assessment and analysis of regional biomass availability was conducted in the diverse regions of Andalusia and Ireland using a bioresource mapping model. The model provides regional stakeholders with a first glance at the regional opportunities with regards to feedstock availability and an estimate of the transportation costs associated with moving the feedstock to a different modelled location/region for the envisioned biorefinery plant. The analysis found that there were more than 30 million tonnes of (wet weight) biomass arisings from Ireland (84,000 km2) with only around 4.8 million tonnes from the Andalusian region (87,000 km2). The study found that Cork in Ireland stood out as the main contributor of biomass feedstock in the Irish region, with animal manures making the largest contribution. Meanwhile, the areas of Almería, Jaén, and Córdoba were the main contributors of biomass in the Andalusia region, with olive residues identified as the most abundant biomass resource. This analysis also found that, while considerable feedstock divergence existed within the regions, the mapping model could act as an effective tool for collecting and interpreting the regional data on a transnational basis.

Low-Carbon Monoxide Hydrogen by Sorption-Enhanced Reaction

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P Harrison ◽  
Zhiyong Peng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Impurity Level ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Enhanced Production

Hydrogen is an increasingly important chemical raw material and a probable future primary energy carrier. In many current and anticipated applications the carbon monoxide impurity level must be reduced to low-ppmv levels to avoid poisoning catalysts in downstream processes. Methanation is currently used to remove carbon monoxide in petroleum refining operations while preferential oxidation (PROX) is being developed for carbon monoxide control in fuel cells. Both approaches add an additional step to the multi-step hydrogen production process, and both inevitably result in hydrogen loss. The sorption enhanced process for hydrogen production, in which steam-methane reforming, water-gas shift, and carbon dioxide removal reactions occur simultaneously in the presence of a nickel-based reforming catalyst and a calcium-based carbon dioxide sorbent, is capable of producing high purity hydrogen containing minimal carbon monoxide in a single processing step. The process also has the potential for producing pure CO2 that is suitable for subsequent use or sequestration during the sorbent regeneration step. The current research on sorption-enhanced production of low-carbon monoxide hydrogen is an extension of previous research in this laboratory that proved the feasibility of producing 95+% hydrogen (dry basis), but without concern for the carbon monoxide concentration. This paper describes sorption-enhanced reaction conditions – temperature, feed gas composition, and volumetric feed rate – required to produce 95+% hydrogen containing low carbon monoxide concentrations suitable for direct use in, for example, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

Recycling Waste Wood of Construction

2016 ◽  
Vol 871 ◽  
pp. 126-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Grigorieva ◽  
Pavel Oleinik
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Polymer Composite Materials ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Complicated Shape ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
Wood Polymer Composite

The article considers contemporary methods and especially recycling of wood waste. The volume of wood waste is constantly growing due to the increase in the number of buildings subject to demolition or dismantling, reconstruction and repair works. The article contains the main requirements to the raw material derived from waste. Advantages of products made from wood-polymer composite materials on physic mechanical parameters. The comparative characteristic of cost for the production of wood-polymer plastic. It is noted that production made from wood polymer composite materials has unlimited product range, including boards, various profiled molded and moulded details with complicated shape (the board for the floor, skirting board, baguette, etc).

scholarly journals Technological Solutions and Tools for Circular Bioeconomy in Low-Carbon Transition: Simulation Modeling of Rice Husks Gasification for CHP by Aspen PLUS V9 and Feasibility Study by Aspen Process Economic Analyzer

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 2006
Author(s):  
Diamantis Almpantis ◽  
Anastasia Zabaniotou
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Fluidized Bed Gasifier ◽  
Annual Earnings

This study explored the suitability of simulation tools for accurately predicting fluidized bed gasification in various scenarios without disturbing the operational system, and dedicating time to experimentation, in the aim of benefiting the decision makers and investors of the low-carbon waste-based bioenergy sector, in accelerating circular bioeconomy solutions. More specifically, this study aimed to offer a customized circular bioeconomy solution for a rice processing residue. The objectives were the simulation and economic assessment of an air atmospheric fluidized bed gasification system fueled with rice husk, for combined heat and power generation, by using the tools of Aspen Plus V9, and the Aspen Process Economic Analyzer. The simulation model was based on the Gibbs energy minimization concept. The technological configurations of the SMARt-CHP technology were used. A parametric study was conducted to understand the influence of process variables on product yield, while three different scenarios were compared: (1) air gasification; (2) steam gasification; and (3) oxygen-steam gasification-based scenario. Simulated results show good accuracy for the prediction of H2 in syngas from air gasification, but not for the other gas components, especially regarding CO and CH4 content. It seems that the RGIBBS and Gibbs free minimization concept is far from simulating the operation of a fluidized bed gasifier. The air gasification scenario for a capacity of 25.000 t/y rice husk was assessed for its economic viability. The economic assessment resulted in net annual earnings of EUR 5.1 million and a positive annual revenue of EUR 168/(t/y), an excellent pay out time (POT = 0.21) and return of investment (ROI = 2.8). The results are dependent on the choices and assumptions made.

The Research of Iron Containing Wastes Modification Process of Leninabad Rare Metals Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 778-783
Author(s):  
Pavel V. Matyukhin ◽  
Daler I. Mirzoev
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modification Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Enrichment Process

The paper presents the results of ferriferous wastes modification process research carried on the basis of JCS “Leninobad rare metals Plant” located in the Republic of Tajikistan. The wastes for the study were taken from the western tailing. The article presents the justification of the chosen wastes as a filling material in the development of new radiation protective composite building materials. The data on the initial ferriferous chemical composition of the tailing wastes and the chemical composition of the material that passed the enrichment process is presented. The study contains microphotos of ferriferous haematite raw material particles surface before and after completing the modifying process. The paper presents and describes the study of X-ray phase analysis diffractograms of enriched iron-containing wastes before and after the modification process. The current research proves that the enrichment ferriferous wastes particles modification process is possible and as a result it can be used as a filling for the development of new kinds of radioprotective composite materials.

scholarly journals Technogenic wastes and ecological problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Anvar Aliyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Administrative District ◽  
Technogenic Contamination ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Lesser Caucasus ◽  
Technogenic Wastes

The northeastern part of the Lesser Caucasus encompasses the western part of the Republic of Azerbaijan and is characterized with a prevalence of unique flora and fauna and the availability of rich natural resources, particularly metals. It is known that the long-term exploitation of these resources by surface mining has led to technogenic contamination in the area. Exploitation of ore deposits is associated with the origination of huge hills of waste which cause heavy degradation of pastures, forests, and croplands. A significant part of widely degraded areas in the northeastern Lesser Caucasus is found in the territory of the Gedabek administrative district. This paper deals with the problem of restoration for contaminated lands formed due to raw material extraction on territory of valuable mountain forests and meadows over a long historical period as well as the use of collected technogenic wastes for different purposes (e.g. in land reclamation, construction of motorways etc.).

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