scholarly journals Shadow economy estimation methods: digital shadow economy assessment aspect

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligita Gasparėnienė ◽  
Rita Remeikienė
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
The Real ◽  
Digital Shadow

This article is aimed at the ascertainment of whether the determinants of digital shadow economy are included in the methods of traditional shadow economy estimation. The results of the research have disclosed that the methods of shadow economy estimation consider general economic, monetary, money turnover, electricity and energy consumption, labour market, taxation, legal, and societal variables. However, the determinants of digital shadow economy are not included in the methods of shadow economy estimation, which not only impedes understanding of the real scopes of this phenomenon, but also complicates development of the measures aimed at digital shadow economy investigation and prevention.

The determinants of the energy consumption: A shadow economy-based perspective

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 120210
Author(s):  
Nguyen Phuc Canh ◽  
Christophe Schinckus ◽  
Su Dinh Thanh ◽  
Felicia Hui Ling Chong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Shadow Economy

scholarly journals Estimating Parametersof Gumbel Distribution For Maximum Values By using Simulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-713
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Gumbel Distribution ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Random Data ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Distribution Type

In this research estimated the parameters of Gumbel distribution Type 1 for Maximum values through the use of two estimation methods:- Moments (MoM) and Modification Moments(MM) Method. the Simulation used for comparison between each of the estimation methods to reach the best method to estimate the parameters where the simulation was to generate random data follow Gumbel distributiondepending on three models of the real values of the parameters for different sample sizes with samples of replicate (R=500).The results of the assessment were put in tables prepared for the purpose of comparison, which made depending on the mean squares error (MSE).

Macroeconomic fundamentals, institutional quality and shadow economy in OIC and non-OIC countries

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabeer Khan ◽  
Mohd Ziaur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Macroeconomic Fundamentals ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between macroeconomic fundamentals, intuitional quality and shadow economy.Design/methodology/approachBy utilizing data setspanning from 2004 to 2015 of 141 countries, the study has employed advanced panel technique, i.e. Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) method. In order to check consistency of the results, the study also used fixed effect and random effect for robustness.FindingsThe study finds that for the full sample, institutional quality has negative effect on shadow economy while macroeconomic fundaments effect shadow economy differently. After splitting the sample into Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and non-OIC countries subsamples, it observes same influence of macroeconomic fundaments and institutional quality on shadow economy, but the effect of macroeconomic fundaments and institutional quality on shadow economy is less observed for OIC countries. The results are found consistence by using different estimation methods.Originality/valueThe current literature has focused on estimating the size of shadow economy and literature linking the macroeconomic fundaments, institutional quality and shadow economy is scarce. Additionally, this study provides the evidence for cross comparison between OIC economies and non-OIC economies.

scholarly journals Sovereign dupes? Representations, conventions and (un)sustainable consumption

2020 ◽  
pp. 146954052093594
Author(s):  
Tullia Jack
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
The Real ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
To Receive

If resource intensive practices are regularly represented as conventional, these potentially become naturalised and inconspicuous consumption will increase. Understanding how representations, conventions and everyday practices interact is thus fundamental in tackling unsustainable consumption. To gain new insights into how representations, conventions and practices interact, this paper explores how people respond to cleanliness representations in Swedish media. Cleanliness is chosen as a case for its role in accelerating water and energy consumption ( Shove, 2003 ), and Sweden where cleanliness activities are in line with upward trends (Jack, 2017). Focus-group participants read magazines, discuss content and how it relates to their lives. Cleanliness is perceived as being intertwined with a host of co-conventions such as freshness, health, femininity, masculinity, sustainability, et cetera. Participants have strategies to receive and resist representations, and are especially averse to representations that they suspect are meant to increase consumerism. Dilemmas for participants do not arise from deciding when or how to receive or resist representations. The real dilemmas arise when integrating meanings into everyday life practices given the multiplicity of meanings. Participants see conventions as influencing wider society, but see themselves as individuals critically interacting with representations, a sovereign dupe 1 juxtaposition.

6. Problems

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Garland
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
The Real ◽  
Moral Hazards ◽  
The Welfare State

The welfare state is, at its core, a problem-solving apparatus, designed to manage dysfunctions that are endemic to the economic and social life of modern nations. But welfare states also generate problems of their own—such as moral hazards, excessive bureaucracy, soaring costs, and labour market rigidities—that sometimes threaten to bring the whole enterprise into disrepute. ‘Problems’ shows that these issues are troubling and consequential, but in weighing their significance we ought always to ask: ‘what can be done?’ and ‘what are the alternatives?’ That the welfare state has its problems is undeniable. The real question is whether these problems are manageable and how they compare to those of other arrangements.

scholarly journals PESL: System-Level Estimation of Power-Management Effect on Dynamic Energy Consumption

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Erdelyi ◽  
Dominik Macko ◽  
Katarina Jelemenska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Management ◽  
Hamming Distance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
System Level ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Energy Estimation ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Impact

Power estimation is one of the key aspects that can help designers create digital circuits more effectively. If a designer is able to estimate circuit parameters during the early stages of development, correct decisions can be made that can significantly shorten the design time. The early design stages are represented by modeling at the system level of abstraction. However, existing system-level power/energy estimation methods are either too complicated, or they do not consider power management when estimating power consumption, meaning they are inaccurate. Therefore, in this paper we propose a method for a more accurate system-level estimation of the dynamic energy consumption by considering the impact of power management. The SystemC description of a power-managed system and the simulation results (in the form of the value change dump (VCD)) are inputs to the estimation method. The proposed method is based on an activity profile using the modified Hamming distance computation. The method is especially useful for the exploration of alternative power-management strategies, and it helps the designer to select the most efficient strategy.

Research of Paddle Wave-Maker Control System Based on Jonswap Spectrum

2014 ◽  
Vol 1006-1007 ◽  
pp. 679-684
Author(s):  
Xue Fei Huang ◽  
Mao Pang
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
The Real ◽  
Wave Maker ◽  
Jonswap Spectrum

According to large energy consumption, overload and re-reflection problemr, the control algorithm of wave-maker has been improved based on Jonswap spectrum. The control algorithm is comprised of the offline calculation of the control waveform and the real-time governing of the wave paddle. Offline algorithm is implemented on a personal computer, whereas paddle control is realized on a programmable automation controller. The experiments results show that the speed is continuous and stable, change rate of load has been optimized obviously and achieves the purpose of energy saving.

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