scholarly journals Population increase of the endemic subspecies of the Japanese Wood Pigeon Columba janthina nitens on Chichijima in the Ogasawara Islands, Japan, after feral cat population control

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Kazuo HORIKOSHI ◽  
Hajime SUZUKI ◽  
Tetsuro SASAKI ◽  
Kazuto KAWAKAMI
Keyword(s):  
Population Control ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Feral Cat ◽  
Ogasawara Islands ◽  
Wood Pigeon

Population dynamics of large and small mammals: Graeme Caughley's grand vision

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Disturbed Systems ◽  
Herbivorous Mammals ◽  
Grand Vision

Ecologists that study the population dynamics of large and small herbivorous mammals operate in two worlds that overlap only partly, and in this paper I address whether the conjecture that these worlds represent two distinct and valid paradigms is currently justified. I argue that large mammals fall into three groups depending on whether they have effective predators or not, and whether they are harvested by humans. Because of human persecution of large predators, more and more large herbivorous mammals are effectively predator-free and are controlled bottom-up by food. But in less disturbed systems, large herbivorous mammals should be controlled top-down by effective predators, and this can lead to a trophic cascade. Small herbivorous mammals have been suggested to be controlled top-down by predators but some experimental evidence has challenged this idea and replaced it with the notion that predation is one of several factors that may affect rates of population increase. Intrinsic control (territoriality, infanticide, social inhibition of breeding) appears to be common in small herbivorous mammals with altricial young but is absent in species with precocial young, in ecosystems with strong stochastic weather variation (deserts) and in areas of human-induced habitat fragmentation in agricultural monocultures. The extrinsic control of large herbivores with precocial young validates part of Graeme Caughley’s Grand Vision, but the relative role of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms for small herbivores with altricial young is still controversial. An improved knowledge of population control mechanisms for large and small herbivores is essential for natural resource management.

scholarly journals Prevalence of heartworm infection in the feral cat population of Grand Cayman

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 205511691983808
Author(s):  
Brandy Darby ◽  
Charles Dickinson ◽  
Lori Gaskins ◽  
Paul Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Population Control ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Feral Cat ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Grand Cayman ◽  
Positive Antibody ◽  
Heartworm Infection ◽  
Histopathologic Changes ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the presence and prevalence of heartworm infection in the feral cat population of Grand Cayman. Methods During the study period, feral cats were routinely trapped and euthanized for population control by the municipal animal shelter. Cats older than 6 months of age were obtained for post-mortem examination shortly after euthanasia. The heart, lungs, pulmonary vasculature, thoracic and abdominal cavities were examined for the presence, location and number of mature heartworms. Sections of caudal lung were evaluated histologically and serologic tests were performed to screen for additional evidence of heartworm exposure. Results Mature heartworms were identified in the pulmonary vasculature of 4/36 cats (11.1%). An additional nine cats showed histopathologic changes in the lungs consistent with heartworm exposure, and one cat had a positive antibody test. Conclusions and relevance The results indicate a minimum heartworm prevalence of 11.1% within this population of feral cats, consistent with published necropsy reports from other endemic localities. Considering the histopathologic changes observed in this group, the true prevalence is likely higher and underscores the importance of heartworm prevention for the companion cat population of the island.

scholarly journals Climatic Dynamics and Food Security Implications in Sub-Sahara Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikechukwu Asogwa ◽  
Lilian A. Onyegbulam
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Labour Share ◽  
Long Run

To bring to the fore the aim of this research, effects of fluctuating temperature, was measured against food and nutrition security in the region using food production index, and undernourished population growth rate as proxies; controlled over share of arable land, irrigation, population and labour share for agriculture. Dynamic panel of generalized method of moments (GMM) was adopted, the period 2000 to 2016 were considered and 29 countries in sub-Sahara Africa were selected within the empirical framework of global water balance as mentioned by Rai and Singh (2012). Findings from the study reveals that the short run effect of temperature increase in degrees pose at least -3.1% negative and significant impact effects on the food production while the long run elasticity hits -7.5% and the controlled effect on arable land revealed a positive impact on the food production to the tune of 3.9%. Contrarily, arable land expansion reduces the under nourished population by -8.55%. Population increase on the other hand increases undernourished population in the region to the tune of 11.95%. The study therefore recommended expansion in the arable land and encourages population control policy in order to negate the undesired effects of temperature on food and nutritional security.

scholarly journals First record of hybridization between subspecies of the Japanese Wood Pigeon Columba janthina on the Ogasawara Islands

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruko ANDO ◽  
Hiroko OGAWA ◽  
Hajime SUZUKI ◽  
Kazuo HORIKOSHI ◽  
Fumiko NAKAHARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
Ogasawara Islands ◽  
Wood Pigeon

scholarly journals The State of Food Security in Pakistan: Future Challenges and Coping Strategies

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (4II) ◽  
pp. 903-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munir Ahmad ◽  
Umar Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
And Coping

Pakistan is a low income developing country. Agriculture is the most important sector of the country meeting food and fibre requirements of the fast growing population. Although the rate of population increase has considerably slowed down from over 3 percent in 1980s to 2.09 percent in 2009-10, it is still considered high.1 With the current rate of population growth, the population is expected to get doubled by 2050—making Pakistan 4th largest nation by 2050 from current status of 6th most populous state of the world [Pakistan (2010)]. The total cultivated area has increased by just 40 percent during past 60 years, while there has been more than 4 times increase in population with urban expansion of over seven-fold—resulting into mega-cities2 as well as rising population pressure on cultivated land. Wheat production, a major food crop, has increased five-fold during the same period—yet the country is marginal importer of wheat. Tremendous efforts are needed both advances in technology and population control to narrow the food supply-demand gap.

Killing for Conservation - Plenary 2

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Plenary Session ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Feral Cat ◽  
Question And Answer ◽  
National University

Following the second session of the forum, a question and answer session was facilitated by Paul Willis. The presentations covered by this plenary session were: John Woinarski (Charles Darwin University) - Killing Peter to save Paul: when is it appropriate to cull native species to benefit other native species?Ricky Spencer (Western Sydney University) - What ‘impact’ will the killing of two million cats by 2020 have on feral cat populations?Rod Kavanagh (Australian Wildlife Conservancy) - Conservation fencing: little cost but significant benefits for threatened native species.Libby Robin (Australian National University) - Eradicating the ugly.George R Wilson and Melanie Edwards (Australian Wildlife Services) - Professional kangaroo population control leads to better animal welfare, conservation outcomes and avoids waste. (Paper included post forum.)

Effects of dispersal on local population increase

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Kean ◽  
N.D. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Population Increase

Population control, family size and family planning: Majority and minority views

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Poffenberger ◽  
Robert Buckhout ◽  
Martin Rosenman ◽  
Eugene Weiss ◽  
Nancy Russo
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Control Family
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