scholarly journals Age-related Difference in Bill Length of the Grey Heron Ardea cinerea jouyi and Estimation of Prey Size Using Bill Length

1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi MAEKAWA ◽  
Yuji SAWARA
Waterbirds ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Hong Lim ◽  
Man-Seok Shin ◽  
Hae-Jin Cho ◽  
In-Kyu Kim ◽  
Yong-Un Shin ◽  
...  

1991 ◽  
Vol &NA; (271) ◽  
pp. 283???287 ◽  
Author(s):  
RYOUICHI KATOH ◽  
KAZUHITO IYODA ◽  
ATSUHIKO OOHIRA ◽  
KANEFUSA KATO ◽  
HIROSHI NOGAMI

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyoung Chung ◽  
Jong Won Ha ◽  
Donghoon Choi ◽  
Yangsoo Jang ◽  
Shin Ki Ahn ◽  
...  

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (6) ◽  
pp. H1899-H1908 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Haidet

Aging significantly affects reflex cardiovascular (CV) responses to induced muscular contraction in anesthetized dogs. To further investigate whether age-related changes in alpha-adrenergic-mediated responses to muscular contraction contribute to these previously reported age-related changes in CV responses associated with advanced age, hemodynamic and regional blood flow (BF) responses at baseline and during hindlimb contraction (HLC) were evaluated both before and after alpha-blockade (alpha-AB) in older (8-14 yr old) and in younger (2-3 yr old) beagles during alpha-chloralose anesthesia. alpha-AB with phentolamine resulted in significant (P < 0.05) reductions in mean arterial pressure before and during HLC, regardless of age. However, age-related differences in the systemic vascular resistance, cardiac output, and stroke volume responses to HLC, observed before alpha-AB, were eliminated after phentolamine as the result of an age-related difference in each of these responses to alpha-AB. Baseline BF (microspheres) was unchanged after alpha-AB in seven of eight abdominal organs, regardless of age. However, reductions in BF during HLC were attenuated in seven of eight abdominal organs in the younger dogs after alpha-AB, but in none of these organs in the older dogs, indicative of diminished alpha-mediated vasoconstriction in these organs in the older dogs during HLC. Furthermore, the age-related difference in the combined BF reduction to all eight abdominal organs before alpha-AB was eliminated after alpha-AB. Finally, BF increases to two of four contracting muscles, as well as the combined increase in blood flow to all four contracting muscles, were attenuated after alpha-AB, regardless of age. These results demonstrate that alpha-blockade eliminates many of the age-related differences in CV responses to HLC observed before alpha-AB and suggest that alpha-adrenergic-mediated responses to HLC change with age in beagles.


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