Car sharing and socio-spatial justice: evidences from three Italian cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-505
Author(s):  
Elena Pede ◽  
Luca Staricco
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Effective Potential ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Car Sharing ◽  
Spatial Justice ◽  
Spatial Strategies ◽  
Disadvantaged People

Car sharing is often celebrated as a new opportunity for a more sustainable mobility. One of its potential social benefits is the possibility for low-income, carless households to gain or maintain vehicle access without bearing the full costs of car ownership. However, poor attention has so far been paid to the effective potential of car sharing to improve the mobility options for disadvantaged people. In this paper a socio-spatial-justice approach is adopted to verify this potential in three Italian cities (Rome, Milan and Turin), where private transport plays a key role in mobility choices of citizens. The results reveal that car sharing increases accessibility levels for everybody in absolute terms, but in relative terms the spatial availability of this service is greater for car-owning households than for carless ones. A few speculations are proposed to explain these results, with reference to spatial strategies adopted by car-sharing operators.

scholarly journals The Effects of Life Course Events on Car Ownership and Sustainable Mobility Tools Adoption Decisions: Results of an Error Component Random Parameter Logit Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6816
Author(s):  
Gaofeng Gu ◽  
Tao Feng ◽  
Chixing Zhong ◽  
Xiaoxi Cai ◽  
Jiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Random Parameter ◽  
Error Component ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Car Sharing ◽  
Random Parameter Logit ◽  
Electric Bike ◽  
Random Parameter Logit Model

Life course events can change household travel demand dramatically. Recent studies of car ownership have examined the impacts of life course events on the purchasing, replacing, and disposing of cars. However, with the increasing diversification of mobility tools, changing the fleet size is not the only option to adapt to the change caused by life course events. People have various options with the development of sustainable mobility tools including electric car, electric bike, and car sharing. In order to determine the impacts of life course events on car ownership and the decision of mobility tool type, a stated choice experiment was conducted. The experiment also investigated how the attributes of mobility tools related to the acceptance of them. Based on existing literature, we identified the attributes of mobility tools and several life course events which are considered to be influential in car ownership decision and new types of mobility tools choice. The error component random parameter logit model was estimated. The heterogeneity across people on current car and specific mobility tools are considered. The results indicate people incline not to sell their current car when they choose an electric bike or shared car. Regarding the life course events, baby birth increases the probability to purchase an additional car, while it decreases the probability to purchase an electric bike or joining a car sharing scheme. Moreover, the estimation of error components implies that there is unobserved heterogeneity across respondents on the sustainable mobility tools choice and the decision on household’s current car.

scholarly journals Car Sharing as a Strategy to Address GHG Emissions in the Transport System: Evaluation of Effects of Car Sharing in Amsterdam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2418
Author(s):  
Ana María Arbeláez Vélez ◽  
Andrius Plepys
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Car Sharing ◽  
Shared Mobility ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Business To Consumer ◽  
The City ◽  
Carbon Transport

Shared mobility options, such as car sharing, are often claimed to be more sustainable, although evidence at an individual or city level may contradict these claims. This study aims to improve understanding of the effects of car sharing on transport-related emissions at an individual and city level. This is done by quantifying the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the travel habits of individuals before and after engaging with car sharing. The analysis uses a well-to-wheel (WTW) approach, including both business-to-consumer (B2C) and peer-to-peer (P2P) car-sharing fleets. Changes in GHG emissions after engaging in car sharing vary among individuals. Transport-related GHG emissions caused by car-free individuals tend to increase after they engage in car sharing, while emissions caused by previous car owners tend to fall. At the city level, GHG emissions savings can be achieved by using more efficient cars in sharing systems and by implementing greener mobility policies. Changes in travel habits might help to reduce GHG emissions, providing individuals migrate to low-carbon transport modes. The findings can be used to support the development and implementation of transport policies that deter car ownership and support shared mobility solutions that are integrated in city transport systems.

scholarly journals The Effects of Mobility as a Service and Autonomous Vehicles on People’s Willingness to Own a Car in the Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1962
Author(s):  
Timo Liljamo ◽  
Heikki Liimatainen ◽  
Markus Pöllänen ◽  
Riku Viri
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mobility Service ◽  
The Future ◽  
Mobility Behaviour

Car ownership is one of the key factors affecting travel behaviour and thus also essential in terms of sustainable mobility. This study examines car ownership and how people’s willingness to own a car may change in the future, when considering the effects of public transport, Mobility as a Service (MaaS) and automated vehicles (AVs). Results of two citizen surveys conducted with representative samples (NAV-survey = 2036; NMaaS-survey = 1176) of Finns aged 18–64 are presented. The results show that 39% of respondents would not want or need to own a car if public transport connections were good enough, 58% if the described mobility service was available and 65% if all vehicles in traffic were automated. Hence, car ownership can decrease as a result of the implementation of AVs and MaaS, and higher public transport quality of service. Current mobility behaviour has a strong correlation to car ownership, as respondents who use public transport frequently feel less of a will or need to own a car than others. Generally, women and younger people feel less of a will or need to own a car, but factors such as educational level and residential location seem to have a relatively low effect.

scholarly journals Leprosy and the Plague: State Surveillance of Low-Income Fathers

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-139
Author(s):  
Monika Jean Ulrich Myers ◽  
Michael Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Child Support ◽  
Justice System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Child Support Enforcement ◽  
The Social ◽  
State Surveillance

Foucault’s theory of state social control contrasts societal responses to leprosy, where deviants are exiled from society but promised freedom from social demands, and the plague, where deviants are controlled and surveyed within society but receive some state assistance in exchange for their cooperation.In this paper, I analyze how low-income fathers in the United States simultaneously experience social control consistent with leprosy and social control consistent with the plague but do not receive the social benefits that Foucault associates with either status.Through interviews with 57 low-income fathers, I investigate the role of state surveillance in their family lives through child support enforcement, the criminal justice system, and child protective services.Because they did not receive any benefits from compliance with this surveillance, they resisted it, primarily by dropping “off the radar.”Men justified their resistance in four ways: they had their own material needs, they did not want the child, they did not want to separate from their child’s mother or compliance was unnecessary.This resistance is consistent with Foucault’s distinction between leprosy and the plague.They believed that they did not receive the social benefits accorded to plague victims, so they attempted to be treated like lepers, excluded from social benefits but with no social demands or surveillance.

scholarly journals Car Park House Share: Reclaiming Wellington's Car Parking Buildings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Luke Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Housing Stock ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Car Sharing ◽  
Collaborative Consumption ◽  
Car Park ◽  
Time Share ◽  
The City ◽  
A Current

<p>This thesis anticipates that inner city car parking buildings will become vacant as new car ownership models, such as car sharing, reduce the number of cars parked in cities. “Collaborative consumption” is changing the way that consumers own goods to a shared method where ownership is outsourced and goods become cheaper and more efficient to use. Car sharing is one such service where technology provides the basis for it to operate. High demand for housing in the Wellington CBD and a current housing stock shortfall provides an opportunity to adaptively re-use this vacant infrastructure for time share housing for transient workers, using the collaborative consumption model.  This research proposes that the conversion of carparking buildings into shared housing schemes is valid, and explores this by investigating what the consequences of car sharing might be on the city and how people interact with this infrastructure at a street scale. The thesis then explores the architectural possibility of how housing can make use of existing infrastructure for a new use. It explores the pedestrian reclamation of the parking building while acknowledging the architectural heritage of the car parking typology.</p>

scholarly journals Exploring Factors Affecting Car Sharing Use Intention in the Southeast-Asia Region: A Case Study in Java, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 5103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Young Chun ◽  
Mitsutaka Matsumoto ◽  
Kiyotaka Tahara ◽  
Kenichiro Chinen ◽  
Hideki Endo
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Car Sharing ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Perceived Values ◽  
Demographic Attributes ◽  
Positive Effect

This paper provides some insight into factors influencing the car sharing adoption and usage in Southeast-Asian developing countries like Indonesia, where car sharing is just emerging and so far, not effectively existent. This study uses an internet survey of 600 Indonesian respondents to examine how underlying factors, such as perceived benefits of car sharing related to convenience and cost-saving aspects, perceived risks and burdens of car ownership, and perceived values of car ownership as societal status can influence their intention to use car sharing. The results of the ordered logit models reveal that car sharing use intention is influenced by perceived benefits of car sharing and perceived values of car ownership as societal status. Among demographic attributes, income level has a positive effect on car sharing use intention. The implications and proper interpretations in the interplay among them can provide a useful guide to city transportation planners and business owners who attempt to promote car sharing schemes in the Southeast-Asian market like Indonesia.

scholarly journals Research of 3-Tier Mobility Stations System with bike and car sharing— Case study of small–scale city in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 02017
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Shun Su ◽  
Mengying Fu ◽  
Yonsorena Nong ◽  
Thomas Scriba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
City Region ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Car Sharing ◽  
Location Selection ◽  
Innovative Strategy

This paper proposed an innovative strategy for planning multimodal, integrated, intelligent, and sustainable mobility by applying 3-tiers mobility stations system combine with car sharing and bike sharing, which aims to promoting the accessibility with available transportation systems and enhance the intramodality and utilization of non-motorized transportation modes. Through the case study of the Fürstenfeldbruck city region in Germany, the 3-tiers mobility stations system concept and its planning criteria and indicators were proposed. And mobility service offerings and location selection of stations were analyzed by considering demand and coverage. Subsequently, evaluation methods based on the pre-defined indicators were implemented to the case study. The planning process is target-oriented and based on relevant structural data analysis.

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