Impacts of river flooding on urban agglomerations: a climate-impact analysis and the role of strategic planning for the Ruhr, Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (0) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Madeleine Kirstein ◽  
Mathias Schaefer ◽  
Tanja Schnittfinke ◽  
Stefan Greiving ◽  
Rouven Küsters
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
River Flooding ◽  
Regional Association ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Spatial Impacts ◽  
Modelling Approach

In order to reveal the present and future flooding impacts on residential and mixed-use areas, a parallel modelling approach (PMA) was carried out. With the use of geo-information systems (GIS), temporal and spatial impacts can be quantified and visualised, while the results of the proposed method justify adequate regional planning strategies for the Ruhr, Germany. As an information system which is regularly updated within a cooperation process between the municipalities concerned, the so called ruhrFISְ of the Ruhr Regional Association (RVR) seems to be a promising approach to improve the evidence basis for adaptation actions.

Giscience in the Mountain Geography

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Krishna Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Observation Systems ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Mountain Geography ◽  
Different Sources

Mountains have distinct geography and are dynamic in nature compared to the plains. 'Verticality' and 'variation' are two fundamental specificities of the mountain geography. They possess distinct temporal and spatial characteristics in a unique socio-cultural setting. There is an ever increasing need for spatial and temporal data for planning and management activities; and Geo Information (GI) Science (including Geographic Information and Earth Observation Systems). This is being recognized more and more as a common platform for integrating spatial data with social, economic and environmental data and information from different sources. This paper investigates the applicability and challenges of GISscience in the context of mountain geography with ample evidences and observations from the mountain specific publications, empirical research findings and reports. The contextual explanation of mountain geography, mountain specific problems, scientific concerns about the mountain geography, advances in GIScience, the role of GIScience for sustainable development, challenges on application of GIScience in the contexts of mountains are the points of discussion. Finally, conclusion has been made with some specific action oriented recommendations.

scholarly journals Sequential modelling of the Earth’s core magnetic field

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Ropp ◽  
Vincent Lesur ◽  
Julien Baerenzung ◽  
Matthias Holschneider
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Prior Information ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
International Geomagnetic Reference Field ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Original Approach ◽  
Modelling Approach

Abstract We describe a new, original approach to the modelling of the Earth’s magnetic field. The overall objective of this study is to reliably render fast variations of the core field and its secular variation. This method combines a sequential modelling approach, a Kalman filter, and a correlation-based modelling step. Sources that most significantly contribute to the field measured at the surface of the Earth are modelled. Their separation is based on strong prior information on their spatial and temporal behaviours. We obtain a time series of model distributions which display behaviours similar to those of recent models based on more classic approaches, particularly at large temporal and spatial scales. Interesting new features and periodicities are visible in our models at smaller time and spatial scales. An important aspect of our method is to yield reliable error bars for all model parameters. These errors, however, are only as reliable as the description of the different sources and the prior information used are realistic. Finally, we used a slightly different version of our method to produce candidate models for the thirteenth edition of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field.

Autonomous and non-autonomous differentiation of ectoderm in different sea urchin species

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 1497-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Wikramanayake ◽  
B.P. Brandhorst ◽  
W.H. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Purpuratus ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
V Protein ◽  
Lytechinus Pictus ◽  
Sea Urchin Embryo ◽  
Oral Ectoderm ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

During early embryogenesis, the highly regulative sea urchin embryo relies extensively on cell-cell interactions for cellular specification. Here, the role of cellular interactions in the temporal and spatial expression of markers for oral and aboral ectoderm in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Lytechinus pictus was investigated. When pairs of mesomeres or animal caps, which are fated to give rise to ectoderm, were isolated and cultured they developed into ciliated embryoids that were morphologically polarized. In animal explants from S. purpuratus, the aboral ectoderm-specific Spec1 gene was activated at the same time as in control embryos and at relatively high levels. The Spec1 protein was restricted to the squamous epithelial cells in the embryoids suggesting that an oral-aboral axis formed and aboral ectoderm differentiation occurred correctly. However, the Ecto V protein, a marker for oral ectoderm differentiation, was detected throughout the embryoid and no stomodeum or ciliary band formed. These results indicated that animal explants from S. purpuratus were autonomous in their ability to form an oral-aboral axis and to differentiate aboral ectoderm, but other aspects of ectoderm differentiation require interaction with vegetal blastomeres. In contrast to S. purpuratus, aboral ectoderm-specific genes were not expressed in animal explants from L. pictus even though the resulting embryoids were morphologically very similar to those of S. purpuratus. Recombination of the explants with vegetal blastomeres or exposure to the vegetalizing agent LiCl restored activity of aboral ectoderm-specific genes, suggesting the requirement of a vegetal induction for differentiation of aboral ectoderm cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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