BREAKING THE RULES: PRAGMATIC CONNOTATIONS OF (UN)MARKED USES OF FINAL NEOCLASSICAL COMBINING FORMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-109
Author(s):  
ELISENDA BERNAL ◽  
ALBA MILÀ-GARCIA
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Context Of Use ◽  
The Way

This paper analyzes the way speakers perceive the transgression of the rules of word formation, particularly regarding neoclassical final combining forms, which are elements with a marked use and whose morphological combining standards are quite restrictive. This transgression consists in combining a native Catalan word and a final combining form, the result of which has been assigned an expressive value. In order to test these perceptions, we developed a questionnaire and administered it to 152 speakers of Catalan from different backgrounds. These speakers were asked to evaluate 20 neologisms documented in the Catalan press regarding their context of use and their connotations. The results show that speakers perceive that those forms that “break” the expected rules are more likely to appear in an informal or colloquial context, and they generally assign them an ironic or pejorative value. Finally, this study aims to present compounds as a promising topic of interest within morphopragmatics.

Chinese POS Disambiguation and Unknown Word Guessing with Lexicalized HMMs

2009 ◽  
pp. 1595-1607
Author(s):  
Guohong Fu ◽  
Kang-Kwong Luke
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Unknown Word ◽  
Pos Tagging ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Peking University ◽  
The Way

This article presents a lexicalized HMM-based approach to Chinese part-of-speech (POS) disambiguation and unknown word guessing (UWG). In order to explore word-internal morphological features for Chinese POS tagging, four types of pattern tags are defined to indicate the way lexicon words are used in a segmented sentence. Such patterns are combined further with POS tags. Thus, Chinese POS disambiguation and UWG can be unified as a single task of assigning each known word to input a proper hybrid tag. Furthermore, a uniformly lexicalized HMM-based tagger also is developed to perform this task, which can incorporate both internal word-formation patterns and surrounding contextual information for Chinese POS tagging under the framework of HMMs. Experiments on the Peking University Corpus indicate that the tagging precision can be improved with efficiency by the proposed approach.

Where does metonymy begin? Some comments on Janda (2011)

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Brdar ◽  
Rita Brdar-Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Concept Of Word ◽  
Central Claim ◽  
The Way

AbstractIn a recent paper published in this journal, Laura Janda makes a number of claims about metonymy, specifically about metonymy in word-formation as part of grammar. In a nutshell, what she says is that suffixed nouns such as Russian saxarnica (from saxar ‘sugar’) ‘sugar bowl’, Czech břicháč (from břicho ‘belly’) ‘person with a large belly’, or Norwegian baker ‘baker’, are metonymic extensions from saxar ‘sugar’, břicho ‘belly’, and bake ‘bake’, respectively. It is our contention that this claim about metonymy being involved in word-formation phenomena such as suffixation is misconceived and leads to an overuse of the term ‘metonymy’. We first comment on Janda's views on cognitive linguistic research on metonymy in grammar and word-formation, and then evaluate the evidence that she provides to support her central claim – from some general claims about metonymy and grammar to the way she identifies metonymy in word-formation. Finally, we point out a series of problems ensuing from the concept of word-formation metonymy. The analytical parts of Janda's article are in our view a more or less traditional cross-linguistic inventory of suffixation patterns that do not exhibit metonymy as such. However, some genuine metonymies that crop up among her examples are glossed over. In other words, we claim that her analysis ignores metonymies where they appear and postulates metonymies where they do not exist.

Parallel Computation in Word Formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis López
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Computation ◽  
Parallel Computations ◽  
Event Structure ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Distributed Morphology ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Testing Ground ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Morphology Model ◽  
The Way

Taking the Distributed Morphology model as a starting point, this article presents and develops the hypothesis that parallel computations drive some word formation processes. Along the way, some Distributed Morphology assumptions, particularly those concerning contextual allomorphy, are revised. It is argued that event structure is a syntactic head independent of the presence of a vP. Nominalizations in Spanish, which often exhibit verbal thematic vowels between the root and the nominalizing affix, turn out to be an ideal testing ground for theoretical hypotheses.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE PRODUCT CONTEXT OF USE ON A HYBRID SPORT-HEALTH SEMANTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2059-2068
Author(s):  
A. Millet ◽  
A. Abi Akle ◽  
J. Legardeur
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Health Products ◽  
Context Of Use ◽  
The Way

AbstractProducts appearances are made of design choices influencing the way products are perceived. Products semantics is a methods used to understand and anticipate this phenomena. Nowadays, consumers consider sport products not only as “sport” but also as “health” products. Designers may then develop them as “sport-health” products. However, perception of “sport-health” products may vary according to the need to fit sport or health context of use. We present in this paper our experimental approach to understand the influence of sport and health contexts on “sport-health” semantics.

A STUDY OF SLANG WORDS IN SONG LYRICS USED BY BRUNO MARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Ferawaty Puspitorini
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Liquor Store ◽  
Yule Process ◽  
Song Lyrics ◽  
The Way

The study concerned with discussing about slang words used in Bruno Mars song lyrics. The research design of this study is descriptive qualitative method. In this study, the theory of word-formation process by George Yule process (1986) in his book “the study of language” is used to analyze the formation process of each slang word. The researcher only analyzes five in Bruno Mars song lyrics. They are count on me, show me, the lazy song, liquor store blues and just the way you are. There are consists of two research problem : (1) what is the type of slang word used by Bruno Mars in lyrics, (2) what is the dominant slang word found in Bruno Mars song lyrics. The data were document analysis, the research tried to find and identity the slang word in lyric by marking, finding and analyzing the slang word. The result shows that from 58 data taken, not all process of slang-word formation appear in the lyrics. Five process of slang-word formation found in the lyrics. The process of slang word formation that are used in the lyrics are clipping(160%), blending(120%), coinage(80%), borrowing(0%), and acronym(60%).  

scholarly journals Towards a lexicographic account of GIRL: forms, meanings and values

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Przemysław Łozowski
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Phrasal Verbs ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Fixed Expressions ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
The Way

Summary Lexicography is basically concerned with the meaning and use of words. In recent times, lexicographers have investigated not only the meanings of words in their mutual systemic relations (e.g., synonymy, antonymy, hoponymy etc.), but modern lexicographic research has extended its interest into the area of studying the way words are used and, in particular, how lexical associations are used and how various meanings linked to individual lexical items are reflected in the areas of their word-formation; phraseological and paremiological productivity of lexicography is, therefore, directly connected to phraseology because the target of both disciplines is to investigate sets of fixed expressions (idioms, phrasal verbs, etc.) and other types of multi-word lexical units. This paper makes an attempt to make an in-depth lexicographic account of the lexical item girl and its productivity, as evidenced in lexicographic sources. Our sample data may provide a starting point for producing an alternative reference work for non-native learners of English.

scholarly journals Whole Word Morphology Reloaded: The Case for a Semiotic Turn

2019 ◽  
pp. 188-211
Author(s):  
Probal Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Research Programme ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Automatic Processes ◽  
Whole Word ◽  
The Way

GP-WWM is a research programme that uses WWM (Whole Word Morphology) in morphology, Generative Phonotactics in phonology, and a domain delineation that equates the phonology module with automatic processes. In this paper, we advocate letting semiotically based mechanisms reshape the way WWM deploys its Word Formation Strategies. We propose LSSG (Language-Specific Semiotic Guidelines) packages, pitting our main proposal, the purely semiotics-driven Cohort Coherence Design for such a package, against a sketchily delineated Diglossic Equations Design.

scholarly journals THE CORRELATION BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND REALITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Iryna Kachur
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Grammatical Structures ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Way

The correlation between language and reality is investigated in this article. The question whether language shapes the way we think or it is the reality which defines what we say is highly disputable. Any language is a complex structure of vocabulary and grammar which serves as the main means of communication, and with the help of which people can render their thoughts, achieve their goals, or simply socialize. The influence of language on our way of thinking can be observed on the example of the process of word formation in different languages or the usage of specific words, which describe phenomena common to this or that culture. However, at the same time, the reality influences lexicon as well and plays a significant role in building a culture. Moreover, grammatical categories of time and gender, which differ from language to language, may also affect the way people perceive the world. As for the category of gender, it may restrict human beings in the choice of adjectives they attribute to different entities, depending on the word being masculine or feminine. Meanwhile, the very essence of time vary from language to language, depending on it, speakers may give prominence to different chunks of information expressed in a sentence. To achieve these not only grammatical structures but also certain words may be used. Due to the differences in world images that speakers of different languages have, some cultural misunderstanding may arise. It has to be mentioned that a culture is a combination of values, moral principles, customers and traditions of a nation which are reflected in its language. Moreover, great emphasis was put on the process of acquiring a new language which has the power to alter human perception of the universe. Therefore, learning a foreign language a person as well studies its culture and begins to see the world from a different perspective. Thus, language has an impact on the human perception of the world, but at the same time, the reality has an influence on what we say.

scholarly journals Shifting the system of Indonesian word formation: the study of morphology and sociolinguistics of acronyms, blending, and clipping

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Zaim
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
New Words ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Formation System ◽  
New System ◽  
The Way

The general guidelines of Indonesian word formation as annexed in appendix II of thereference standard of the Indonesian Grammar has not yet accommodated theIndonesian word formation system used by the Indonesian speakers today.Meanwhile, a new system of word formation began to emerge and the old paradigmshift in conjunction with the development of science and technology, and the changeof social, cultural, and political paradigm. As a result, the reference standard ofIndonesian grammar is no longer adequate to understand the system of the formationof the new words. Morphological studies, which analyze the internal structure of thewords can be used as a theoretical foundation to address the issues of the Indonesianword formation. From the other side, sociolinguistic studies, which analyze the link oflanguage with the language speakers in the community, can give meaning to the wordformation shift. This article discusses (1) the morphological shift of the Indonesianword formation system of acronyms, blending, and clipping, (2) the sociolinguisticfunctions of the word formation, and (3) the productivity of the word formationsystem. The study of the shift of word formation system revealed a shift in the way ofthinking and the way of looking at social, cultural, and political problems of theIndonesian speakers nowadays.

scholarly journals Coronajerga, covidioma, coronalengua: acerca de los cambios lingüísticos en tiempos de la pandemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gwiazdowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Way

The aim of this paper is to present how the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has changed our language and the way we communicate. The article focuses on the recent Spanish neologisms that have appeared during the pandemic year 2020 and attempts to analyze their word-formation process. The theoretical framework of this study is based on the classification of neologisms proposed by M.T. Cabré Castellví (2006). Firstly, the paper highlights semantic innovations, that is, neologisms which are formed through broadening, narrowing or change of the meaning of the base form. Secondly, different types of word formation mechanisms, such as affixations, compounding, conversion or shortening are discussed. The paper also gives new insights into the most creative ways that vocabulary related to coronavirus (COVID-19) has expanded (lexical borrowing, wordplay). The data were collected from articles, books, dictionaries, social media and various websites.

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