scholarly journals LA POESIA HISPÀNICA DE POSTGUERRA COM A POLISISTEMA

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Joaquim Espinós Felipe
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Literary Creation ◽  
War Poetry ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Hispanic Literature ◽  
The Will ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Precise Time

The diverse literary expressions comprised in the concept “Hispanic literature” —Catalan, Castilian, and Basque as well as the literature from Galicia— form a polysystem of great hermeneutical possibilities, according to the model proposed by Itamar Even-Zohar. A common historic and institutional context gives cohesion to this polysystem, but the existence of particular national traditions introduces differences within it. The study that we present in this article centers on a precise time and genre —post Civil War poetry— and should be considered as another aspect of this vast analytic territory, which could be extended to other periods and other genres. The Castilian system has been at the center of the polysystem, due in large part to political factors. In the 1960s Castilian hegemony gives rise to a form of polycentrism that would have its most innovative and dynamic foci in Castilian and Catalan literatures respectively. The symbolism-realism dialectic —inherited from the pre-War time— extends across the entire period. Francoist refression produced a politicization of literary creation that subordinated forma aspects to the will to denounce. The realist repertoire, which except for the Basque system manifested mainly in exile, is the principal cohesive factor of the Hispanic systems. When this closed code automates itself in the 1960s, codes that had been marginalized will emerge.

Physical Trauma As Presesnted In Monica Ali’s Brick Lane

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Roy PP
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Young Children ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
The People ◽  
Provincial Capital ◽  
The 1960S

Monica Ali was born in 1967 in Dhaka, Bangladesh, but grew up in England. Her English mother met her Bangladeshi father at a dance in northern England in the 1960s. Despite both of their families` protests, they later married and lived together with their two young children in Dhaka. This was then the provincial capital of East Pakistan which after a nine-month war of independence became the capital of the People`s Republic of Bangladesh. On 25 March 1971 during this civil war, Monica Ali`s father sent his family to safety in England. The war caused East Pakistan to secede from the union with West Pakistan, and was now named Bangladesh.

Language Movement and Civil War in West Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ericka A. Albaugh
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Language Spread ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter examines how civil war can influence the spread of language. Specifically, it takes Sierra Leone as a case study to demonstrate how Krio grew from being primarily a language of urban areas in the 1960s to one spoken by most of the population in the 2000s. While some of this was due to “normal” factors such as population movement and growing urbanization, the civil war from 1991 to 2002 certainly catalyzed the process of language spread in the 1990s. Using census documents and surveys, the chapter tests the hypothesis at the national, regional, and individual levels. The spread of a language has political consequences, as it allows for citizen participation in the political process. It is an example of political scientists’ approach to uncovering the mechanisms for and evidence of language movement in Africa.

Captain Aguilera and filicide: an attachment-based exploration

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-297
Author(s):  
Arturo Ezquerro
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Historical Investigation ◽  
Group Attachment ◽  
Unresolved Trauma

This article aims to explore a constellation of individual-attachment, family-attachment, and group-attachment experiences, as well as other psychosocial, cultural, and political factors, which contributed to the dual filicide perpetrated by Captain Gonzalo de Aguilera Munro—a count, landowner, cavalryman, and propaganda press officer for General Francisco Franco’s army during the Spanish Civil War. Learning from Luis Arias González and, above all, Paul Preston’s biographies of Captain Aguilera, the article will employ a combined methodology of historical investigation, psychiatric clinical formulations, and group analysis. In doing so, it will take into account a highly complex context of brutal group dynamics of national depression and exaltation, unresolved trauma, military rebellion, war, genocide, holocaust, and dictatorship.

scholarly journals Cultural Trauma of the Civil War of 1918 Staged and Commemorated in Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-131
Author(s):  
Pentti Paavolainen
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Cultural Trauma ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Cold War

The Centennial of one of the cruelest of European civil wars fought in Finland between the Reds and the Whites from January to May 1918 has evoked a spectrum of theatre productions illustrating variations of styles and approaches on the events. The turn in the treatment of this cultural trauma occurred with the interpretations and narrative perspectives that were fixed in the 1960s, when an understanding for the defeated Red side was expressed in historiography, literature and theatre. Since that, the last six decades the Finnish theatre and public discourse on the Civil War have been dominated by the Red narrative as the memory of the 1918 Civil War provided an important part in the new identity politics for the 1969 generation. Since the 1980’s the topic was mostly put aside so that before the 2018 revivals of the Civil War topic, the productions seem to have been reactions by the artists confronting the developments at the end of the Cold War. Some theatrical events can even be tied to the cultural trauma of the 1969 left evoked by the collapse of the socialist block. The Centennial productions repeated the Red narrative but they also provided more balanced interpretationson the tragic events.

scholarly journals "Kuulaa kalloon"

Elore ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Outi Fingerroos
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City

Toivo Kuula was a famous Finnish composer who died in Vyborg in 1918. He worked in Vyborg in 1916–1918 and was known as an intense Finnish man born in the city of Vaasa. At the end of April 1918 the Finnish Civil War of 1918 had just ended. The Whites had won the war at the expense of the Reds and the victors held a celebration in Vyborg. Toivo Kuula participated in a celebration organised by the light infantrymen from Vaasa. It was an evening of heavy drinking. Toivo Kuula was murdered by one of the infantrymen. Hence, it was hushed up and remained a mystery until the 1960s. In the article I concentrate on the how the image of this evening is presented in reminiscences. Who has silenced the murder? What is the meaning of this silence? What kind of mystery and myth has been fashioned around the murder of Toivo Kuula?

scholarly journals Exilio y emigración : apuntes acerca de las relaciones hispano-suizas, 1939-1964

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián Farré
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Don Juan ◽  
The 1960S

El estudio del exilio provocado por la guerra civil y de la emigración de obreros españoles en Suiza nos ofrece una perspectiva original de las relaciones del gobierno suizo con el franquismo. La actitud de la Confederación frente a la presencia de destacados exilados (el cardenal Vidal i Barraquer, Don Juan de Borbón, Josep Tarradellas, etc.) y más tarde de una importante colonia española, nos ayuda a comprender mejor las principales decisiones adoptadas por la diplomacia tielvética. Desde el reconocimiento del gobierno de Franco en 1939, hasta las medidas en contra de las manifestaciones antifranquistas al inicio de los 60, podemos esbozar un primer balance: las relaciones bilaterales tiispano-suizas durante estos 25 años se destacaron por su solidez.The study of the exile provoked by civil war and the emigration of spanish workers to Switzerland presents and unique perspective of the relations between the swiss governement and the franquism. The attitude of the Confederation towards the present of certain exiled spanish oficiáis (el cardenal Vidal i Barraquer, Don Juan de Borbón, Josep Tarradellas, etc.) and the later the presence of an importanf spanish colony, helps us to understand various principal decisions adopted by the helvetic diplomacy. Since the governement recognition of the Franco régimen in 1939 until the measures taken against the anti- Franco manifestations at the beginning of the 1960s, we are able to outline an initial balance: the bilateral spanish-swiss relations during the first 25 years stand out as a result of their solidity.

Territorial Politics, Regionalism and England

2021 ◽  
pp. 241-272
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Local Elite ◽  
British Labour ◽  
Territorial Politics ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Uk

This chapter addresses the reform of government in England over the entire period between 1997 and 2007. First, the chapter considers the nature of the territorial strain, problem and resources for change present in England. Second, the chapter considers peripheral elite leadership in England — whether through intermediate English elite or English regional elite leadership — and the codes, strategies and goals pursued. It explores further the thesis that movements for territorial change also in England adopted indirect instrumental cases for territorial reform rather than direct identity-based ones, emphasising functional arguments and the development of institutional mechanisms for gradual decentralisation, rather than major root and branch reform. Third, the chapter analyses the approach of UK central government, and in particular that of the British Labour leadership both in opposition before 1997 and in government afterwards. Here, we should note that Bulpitt suggested that the English governing code had tended to parallel the indirect local elite assimilation approach used territorially in the rest of the UK. Nevertheless, under modernisation projects since the 1960s, including those of the Thatcher–Major governments, the overall government strategy was a promotional one, often requiring direct central intervention in the short term to realise central governing projects. Finally, the chapter assesses the policy process by which English reform was developed, the extent to which it may be seen as effective and legitimate, and judged as successful or not in sustaining a new centre.

“Yugoslavia's Help Was Extraordinary”: Political and Material Assistance from Belgrade to the MPLA in Its Rise to Power, 1961–1975

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovan Čavoški
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
The 1960S

Based on newly declassified documents from former Yugoslav archives, this article reconstructs the process of material and political assistance that was rendered to the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) by Yugoslavia throughout the 1960s and into the 1970s until the time of Angola's independence and the beginning of the Angolan civil war in 1975. The archival evidence demonstrates that Yugoslavia's assistance to the MPLA guerrillas was one of the crucial factors that enabled the organization not only to survive the vicissitudes of international politics, but also to preserve and stabilize its strength for the final phase of the power struggle in Angola.

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