scholarly journals Sternal Variation: Anatomical-Forensic Analysis

10.3823/2626 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Moura Leite ◽  
Caroline Freitas de Souza Plácido ◽  
Carolina Lucena Veloso Gusmão ◽  
Evelyne Pessoa Soriano ◽  
Adriana Conrado Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Identification ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Surgical Sutures ◽  
Medical Radiology ◽  
The University ◽  
Source Of Information

Background The aim of this study was to analyze the extent and uniqueness of anatomical variations of the sternum bone, to assess its applicability for forensic analysis, especially for individual human identification. Methods and Findings Evaluations involved 501 computer tomography scans performed at the Medical Radiology Center, Manaus city, Amazonas, Brazil, and 427 skeletons belonging to the Collection of Identified Human Skeletons of the Center for Studies in Forensic Anthropology (CEAF), of the University of Pernambuco (UPE), Pernambuco, Brazil.  Forms of morphological variations were evaluated, including the presence of foramina, fissures, and incomplete total or partial fusions, as well as forms of xiphoid process termination, and the presence of surgical sutures. Overall, summing computed tomographic images and skeletons, the sternal foramen was present in some 23% of samples, with a greater proportion in males (14%), while in females the frequency was 8.6%. Conclusions The qualitative analysis of the sternum bone is simple to apply and represents an important potential source of information in a human identification process.

scholarly journals Root Anatomy and Canal Configuration of Maxillary Molars in a Brazilian Subpopulation: A 125-μm Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 082-087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Tsutomu Mohara ◽  
Marcelo Santos Coelho ◽  
Nathalia Valle de Queiroz ◽  
Marcelle Louise Sposito Borreau ◽  
Marko Massao Nishioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Type I ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Permanent Molars

Abstract Objective Knowledge of internal anatomy of the teeth is of great importance in endodontics, leading to success in root canal therapy (RCT). The aim of this study was to assess the root anatomy and canal configuration of maxillary molars in a Brazilian subpopulation using tomographic images using a voxel size of 125 μm. Materials and Methods This in vivo retrospective study assessed 651 cone-beam computed tomographic scans from 328 maxillary first molars and 323 maxillary second molars. The images were assessed by two endodontists and an oral radiologist. Only permanent molars with fully developed roots and with no signs of RCT were included. Results Maxillary first and second molars presented three separated roots in 99.39 and 90.09% of the cases, respectively. The presence of mesiolingual canals in the mesiobuccal roots was 64.22% for maxillary first molars and 33.56% for maxillary second molars. Distobuccal canals in the maxillary first and second molars presented Vertucci's Type I configuration in 99.39 and 99.66%, respectively, and palatal canals in the maxillary first and second molars presented Vertucci's Type I configuration in 99.69 and 99.68%, respectively. Maxillary second molars were more subjected to anatomical variations than first molars. Female patients presented higher prevalence of mesiolingual canals in the maxillary second molars. Conclusions The most prevalent morphology in the maxillary first and second molars was three root canals. The presence of only one or two roots is more likely to occur in the maxillary second molars than in the maxillary first molars. Mesiolingual canals in mesiobuccal roots are more frequent in the maxillary first molars than in the maxillary second molars, and the occurrence of two distobuccal or two palatal canals is rare.

scholarly journals Morphological Study Of Palmaris Longus Muscle

10.3823/2485 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Ferreira Arquez
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Male Subject ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Palmaris Longus ◽  
Longus Muscle ◽  
Palmaris Longus Muscle ◽  
The University

Background: The palmaris longus is one of the most variable muscle in the human body, this variations are important not only for the anatomist but also radiologist, orthopaedic, plastic surgeons, clinicians, therapists. In view of this significance is performed this study with the purpose to determine the morphological variations of palmaris longus muscle. Methods and Findings: A total of 17 cadavers with different age groups were used for this study. The upper limbs region (34 sides) were dissected carefully and photographed in the Morphology Laboratory at the University of Pamplona. Of the 34 limbs studied, 30 showed normal morphology of the Palmaris longus muscle (PL) (88,2%); PL was absent in 3 subjects (8,85% of all examined forearm). Unilateral absence was found in 1 male subject (2,95% of all examined forearm); bilateral agenesis was found in 2 female subjects (5,9% of all examined forearm). Duplicated PL muscle was found in 1 male subject (2,95 % of all examined forearm). The palmaris longus muscle was innervated by branches of the median nerve .The accessory palmaris longus muscle was supplied by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve.  Palmaris longus muscle is a muscle located in the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm. It has a small belly arising from the medial epicondyle of the humerus, and its long thin tendon inserts into the palmar aponeurosis in the hand, the muscle has importance in medical clinic, surgery, radiological analysis, in studies about high-performance athletes, in genetics and anthropologic studies. Conclusions: The anatomical variations of the palmaris longus muscle must be documented of their clinical significance and their potential use in orthopaedic and reconstructive surgery.

Anatomical Variations of the V2 Segment of the Vertebral Artery

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. ONS-20-ONS-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaël Bruneau ◽  
Jan F. Cornelius ◽  
Vincent Marneffe ◽  
Michel Triffaux ◽  
Bernard George
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Lateral Approach ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Anatomic Variations ◽  
Transverse Foramen ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Abnormal Level

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to evaluate the incidence of anatomic variations of the V2 segment (from its entrance into the transverse canal to C2) of the vertebral artery. Ignoring such variations during anterior or lateral approach to the cervical spine can lead to inadvertent injury and potentially serious complications. METHODS: We studied the course of 500 vertebral arteries on 200 magnetic resonance imaging and 50 contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scans. RESULTS: The vertebral artery entered the C6 transverse foramen in 93.0% of all specimens. An abnormal level of entrance was observed in 7.0% of specimens (35 courses), with a level of entrance into the C3, C4, C5, or C7 transverse foramen, respectively, in 0.2% (n = 1; 2.9% of all anomalies), 1.0% (n = 5; 14.3% of all anomalies), 5.0% (n = 25; 71.4% of all anomalies), and 0.8% (n = 4; 11.4% of all anomalies) of all specimens. Seventeen (48.6%) abnormalities were right-sided and 18 (51.4%) were left-sided. Thirty-one out of 250 patients (12.4%) had a unilateral anomaly and two had a bilateral anomaly (0.8%). In cases of abnormal entrance into the transverse foramen on computed tomographic images (n = 6), the area of the unfilled transverse foramens was significantly smaller than the contralateral filled foramen (P < 0.0001) and was significantly smaller than the filled foramen of all patients at the same level (P < 0.0001). In five patients (2.0%), the vertebral artery formed a medial loop either into an unusually large transverse foramen whose internal border was medial to the uncovertebral joint or into the intervertebral foramen. CONCLUSION: The incidence of anatomic variations of the vertebral artery V2 segment is high. Potentially dangerous conditions can be detected on preoperative imaging.

Archaeology at the University of Ghana, Legon

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
Merrick Posnansky
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Guinea Coast ◽  
The Past ◽  
Volta Basin ◽  
Senior Research ◽  
Extensive Program ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Ghana ◽  
Source Of Information

In October 1968, the University of Ghana commenced an extensive program in African archaeology. Graduate students from overseas are eligible to enroll for courses at the University, though no scholarships are presently available for non-Ghanaians. The Department of Archaeology of the University of Ghana was established in 1951 under the professorship of A. W. Lawrence. It presently has a senior teaching establishment of four together with a curator and two senior research fellows under the chairmanship of Professor Merrick Posnansky. The Department has a small specialist library, a museum, laboratory, dark room, workshops, and a team of trained technical staff. Most of the Department's research work is normally conducted in the dry season from November to May each year. In the past Professor Oliver Davies, author of the Quaternary of the Guinea Coast (1964) and West Africa before the Europeans (1967), conducted extensive fieldwork relating to the Stone Age and neolithic periods of Ghana's past and made large surface collections from all parts of Ghana which provide a rich topographical source of information on archaeology in Ghana. The Department has conducted extensive excavations in Ghana and its research fellows are presently engaged in writing up the results of the Volta Basin Research Project, in which more than thirty sites have been excavated since 1963 in advance of the formation of a large lake consequent upon the construction of the Volta Dam. The majority of the excavated sites have been of Iron Age date. In September 1968, Mr. C. Flight commenced a new season of excavations at “Neolithic” rock shelter sites at Kintampo, where occupations and burials dated to the middle of the second millennium B.C. were uncovered in 1967. Other excavations conducted during 1968 included work by Mr. D. Calvocoressi at the funerary terracotta site of Ahinsan and by Mr. Duncan Mathewson at the seventeenth-century A.D. Gonja site of Jakpasere. In 1969 a training excavation will be conducted at Elmina on the sixteenth- to eighteenth-century A.D. town in the vicinity of the Portuguese castle.

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