scholarly journals Unusual Venous Drainage Of The Common Facial Vein. A Morphologycal Study

10.3823/2570 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Ferreira Arquez ◽  
Sergio Iván Granados- Torres
Keyword(s):  
Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Free Flap ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Brachiocephalic Vein ◽  
Facial Vein ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right ◽  
Internal Thoracic Vein

Background: Anatomical knowledge of the facial vasculature is crucial not only for anatomists but also for oral and maxillofacial surgery, plastic surgeon, otorhinolaryngologists. Access pathways, pedicled and free flap transfer, and explantation and transplantation of total faces are based on the proper assessment and use of the facial veins and arteries. The anatomical variations reported in the present study confirms the need for preoperative vascular imaging for sure good venous outflow for the free flap survival. Aims: The aim of the present study was to describe a rare anatomical variation of the common facial vein which not been previously described. Methods and Findings: Head and neck region were carefully dissected as per standard dissection procedure, studied serially during the years 2013-2017 in 15 males and 2 females, i.e. 34 sides, embalmed adults cadavers with different age group, in the laboratory of Morphology of the University of Pamplona. In 33 sides (97 %) of the cases the anterior facial vein (FV) terminated into the internal jugular vein via the common facial vein (CFV) as per standard anatomic description. The right common facial vein in one side (3%) was found to drain into the contralateral internal thoracic vein and contralateral pericardiophrenic vein. Remarkable communications with the external jugular vein, the internal jugular vein, the anterior jugular vein, and left brachiocephalic vein. The length of the right common facial vein from the level of its formation till its termination in the contralateral pericardiophrenic and internal thoracic vein was about 22.75 cm. The venous drainage pattern on the left side of the face was found to be normal.  Conclusion: The existence of this anatomical variation among others supposes a double edge sword in the medical practice with its own opportunities and risks, especially in the surgical treatment; therefore, we need to study with more strictness these possibilities with the aim of facilitate this practices, and improve the life quality of our patients.

scholarly journals Termination of the facial vein into the external jugular vein: an anatomical variation

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhani Sumalatha D'Silva ◽  
Thejodhar Pulakunta ◽  
Bhagath Kumar Potu
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Facial Artery ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Facial Vein ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
Anterior Division

Different patterns of variations in the venous drainage have been observed in the past. During routine dissection in our Department of Anatomy, an unusual drainage pattern of the veins of the left side of the face of a middle aged cadaver was observed. The facial vein presented a normal course from its origin up to the base of mandible, and then it crossed the base of mandible posteriorly to the facial artery. Thereafter, it joined with the anterior division of retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, which drained into the external jugular vein directly. Sound anatomic knowledge of the above variation in facial veins is essential to the success of surgical procedures in this region.

scholarly journals Variations in the anatomical relationship between the common carotid artery and the internal jugular vein: An ultrasonographic study

2015 ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Umaña Perea ◽  
Alberto Federico García ◽  
José Luis Castillo García ◽  
Luis Alfonso Bustamante Cristancho ◽  
Juan Sebastián Martínez Collazos
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Patients Âgés ◽  
Anterior Position ◽  
Anatomical Relationship ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right

Introduction: The internal jugular vein locates anterior or anterolateral to the common carotid artery in two-thirds of the subjects studied by ultrasound when the head is in a rotated position. Aim: To identify variables associated with the anterior location of the internal jugular vein. Methods: Ultrasound examinations were performed with the patients in the supine position, with the head rotated to the opposite side. The proximal third of the neck was visualized transversely with a 7.5-mHz transducer. The relationship between the vessels was described in accordance with the proportion of the artery overlapped by the vein. Univariate comparisons and a multivariate analysis of potential variables that may affect the anatomic relationships were performed. Results: Seventy-eight patients were included, 44 of whom were men. The patients' ages ranged from 17 to 90 years (median 64.0, interquartile range 41-73). The right and left sides were studied 75 and 73 times, respectively. The vein was located lateral to the artery in 24.3% (95%CI= 17.4-32.2) of the studies, anterolateral in 33.8% (95%CI= 26.2-41.4) and anterior in 41.9% (95%CI= 33.9-49.8). The multivariate analysis identified age group (OR= 3.7, 95% CI 2.1-6.4) and, less significantly, the left side (OR= 1.7, 95%CI= 0.8-3.5) and male gender (OR= 1.2, 95%CI= 0.6-2.7) as variables associated with the anterior position of the vein. Conclusión: The anterior position of the internal jugular vein relative to the common carotid artery increases gradually with age. Additionally, left-sided localization and male sex further increased the probability of an anterior position.

scholarly journals Unusual site of formation of brachiocephalic vein along with multiple venous anomalies in neck and its clinical importance

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 093-095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmoni Jana
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Brachiocephalic Vein ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Unusual Site ◽  
Venous Anomalies ◽  
Rare Site ◽  
The Right

AbstractNeck veins are important for various diagnostic, therapeutic and experimental procedures. So knowledge of their anatomical variation is also important. The author reports an unusual site of formation of brachiocephalic vein with multiple venous anomalies in the neck. A rare site of formation of the right brachiocephalic vein was found at the middle of neck under the right sternocleido mastoid muscle by union of right internal jugular and subclavian vein. Another observation was of facial, lingual and superior thyroid veins joined together and formed a common vein over the sternocleidomastoid muscle that drained into the external jugular vein. This unusual course of brachiocephalic vein and aberrant drainage of facial, lingual and superior thyroid veins may cause unusual bleeding during surgeries and invasive procedures. So clinicians should be aware of these variations of major neck veins to avoid complications.

scholarly journals Cerebral venous drainage through internal jugular vein

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiya Y. Mohammed ◽  
Giovanni Di Domenico ◽  
Mauro Gambaccini
Keyword(s):  
Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Superior Vena Cava ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Doppler Spectrum ◽  
Cerebral Venous Drainage ◽  
The Right ◽  
Venous Pulse

Internal jugular veins (IJVs) are the largest veins in the neck and are considered the primary cerebral venous drain for the intracranial blood in supine position. Any reduction in their flow could potentially results an increase in cerebral blood volume and intracranial pressure (ICP). The right internal jugular vein communicates with the right atrium via the superior vena cava, in which a functional valve is located at the union of the internal jugular vein and the superior vena cava. The atrium aspiration is the main mechanism governing the rhythmic leaflets movement of internal jugular vein valve synchronizing with the cardiac cycle. Cardiac contractions and intrathoracic pressure changes are reflecting in Doppler spectrum of the internal jugular vein. The evaluation of the jugular venous pulse provides valuable information about cardiac hemodynamics and cardiac filling pressures. The normal jugular venous pulse wave consists of three positive waves, a, c, and v, and two negative waves, x and y. A normal jugular vein gradually reduces its longitudinal diameter, as described in anatomy books; it is possible to segment IJV into three different segments J3 to J1, as it proposed in ultrasound US studies and CT scan. In this review, the morphology and methodology of the cerebral venous drainage through IJV are presented.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-guided anatomical evaluation and percutaneous cannulation of the right internal jugular vein in infants <4000 g

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiz Uzumcugil ◽  
Aysun Ankay Yilbas ◽  
Basak Akca
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Vein Access ◽  
The Right

Background: The commonly preferred right internal jugular vein was investigated in terms of its dimensions, the relationship between its dimensions and anthropometric measures, and the outcomes of its cannulation in infants. Data regarding its position with respect to the carotid artery indicated anatomical variation. Aim: The aim of this study was to share our observations pertaining to the anatomy and position of the right internal jugular vein with respect to carotid artery using ultrasound and our experience with ultrasound-guided right internal jugular vein access in neonates and small infants. Materials and methods: A total of 25 neonates and small infants (<4000 g) undergoing ultrasound-guided central venous cannulation via right internal jugular vein within a 6-month period were included. Ultrasound-guided anatomical evaluation of the vein was used to obtain the transverse and anteroposterior diameters, the depth from skin and the position with respect to the carotid artery. Real-time ultrasound-guided central cannulation success rates and complication rates were also obtained. The patients were divided into two groups with respect to their weight in order to compare both the position and the dimensions of right internal jugular vein and cannulation performance in infants weighing <2500 g and ⩾2500 g. Results: The position was lateral to the carotid artery in 84% of all infants and similar in both groups. The first-attempt success rates of cannulation were similar (70% vs 73.3%) in both groups, with an overall success rate of 88%. Conclusion: Right internal jugular vein revealed a varying position with respect to carotid artery with a higher rate of lateral position. The presence of such anatomical variation requires ultrasonographic evaluation prior to interventions and real-time guidance during interventions involving right internal jugular vein.

scholarly journals Facial Vein Variation: A Cadaveric Study

10.3823/2547 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Ferreira Arquez
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Facial Vein ◽  
Variable Distance ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University

Background: The veins of the head and neck have a complex developmental pattern which predisposes them to variations in formation and drainage. Superficial veins of the head and neck are utilized for central venous cannulation, oral reconstruction and parenteral nutrition in debilitated patients. Clinical and sonological examinations of these veins may provide clues toward underlying cardiac pathology. Aims: The aim of the present study was to describe anatomical variation and determined the position of the facial vein in relation to neighboring structures. Methods and Findings: Head and neck region were carefully dissected as per standard dissection procedure, studied serially during the years 2013-2017 in 16 males and 2 females, i.e. 36 sides, embalmed adults cadavers with different age group, in the laboratory of Morphology of the University of Pamplona. In 34 sides (94.5 %) of the cases the facial vein (FV) terminated into the internal jugular vein via the common facial vein (CFV) as per standard anatomic description. The facial vein on two sides (5.5 %) was found to drain into the external jugular vein with different degree of angulations and variable distance from the angle of the mandible. On the right side, the facial vein was draining into external jugular vein (EJV), 63.6 mm below the angle of the mandible. On the left side, the facial vein was draining into EJV, 42.4 mm below the angle of the mandible. The length of the neck was 137.8 mm.  The mean distance of the superior and inferior labial veins, deep facial vein, and angular vein from the inferior orbital margin was 41.89 ± 3.01, 52.31 ± 3.72, 26.85 ± 3.55 and 6.25 ± 0.65 mm, respectively. Conclusion: A sound knowledge on variation of the course and termination of facial vein is very useful for oral and maxillofacial surgeons, plastic surgeons, otorrhinologists and radiologists, is essentially important in the clinical examination and surgical procedures of the head and neck region.

scholarly journals Undivided Retromandibular Vein Leading to the Absence of External Jugular Vein

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 225-228
Author(s):  
Y. Rao ◽  
Vaishnavi Ballal ◽  
B. Murlimanju ◽  
Mangala Pai ◽  
Mamatha Tonse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Physician ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Common Trunk ◽  
Facial Vein ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The Right

AbstractWe report a case of undivided retromandibular vein (RV) that was associated with the absence of external jugular vein (EJV). This variation in the jugular venous system was observed on the right side of the neck of a male cadaver. The posterior auricular vein drained into the RV, which joined the facial vein resulting in a common trunk. This common trunk then drained directly into the internal jugular vein (IJV) thus bypassing the whole venous drainage area of the EJV. It is believed that the knowledge about the venous variations, as in the present case, is enlightening to the clinicians. The preoperative evaluation of the venous system is essential to prevent complications like catastrophic bleeding and embolism. The knowledge may guide the emergency physician for a quicker cannulation of the veins.

Avulsion of the right facial vein during double cannulation of the internal jugular vein

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott T. Reeves ◽  
Prabhakar Baliga ◽  
Joanne M. Conroy ◽  
Terry L. Cleaver
Keyword(s):  
Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Facial Vein ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Multiple variations of superficial and deep veins in the neck region of a cadaver: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
Nilgün Tuncel Çini ◽  
Nazan Güner Sak ◽  
Senem Turan Özdemir ◽  
İlknur Arı
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Brachiocephalic Vein ◽  
Facial Trauma ◽  
Common Trunk ◽  
Communicating Branch ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The Right

Multiple variations on the right side of the neck of a 65-year-old male cadaver were observed during a routine dissection. The cadaver had no sign of facial trauma or previous surgery. The facial vein had a communicating branch with the internal jugular vein and distally drained into the jugulo-subclavian confluence via a common trunk with external jugular vein. Other superficial veins of the neck drained into the brachiocephalic vein separately. On the contrary, no anatomical variation was observed on the left side. Even if the variations of the head and neck are common, more than one variation in a single cadaver unilaterally is remarkable. We suggest that it is important for surgeons to examine the patients with ultrasound before any clinical interventions on the neck to determine the possible variations beforehand.

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