scholarly journals Anastomosis Between Ulnar And Radial Nerve: A Cadaveric Study

10.3823/2479 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Ferreira Arquez
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Posterior Aspect ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
The University

Background: Brachial plexus variations are not rare. Variations in its terminal branches in the arm or forearm are frequently reported. Communications between branches of the brachial plexus are also not uncommon findings; however there is very little mention of communication between the radial and ulnar nerves in the literature. In view of this significance is performed this study with the purpose to determine any communications of radial nerve with neighboring peripheral nerves at level of axilla, arm, forearm. Methods and Findings: A total of 17 cadavers with different age groups were used for this study. The upper limbs region (34 sides) were dissected carefully and photographed in the Morphology Laboratory at the University of Pamplona. Of the 34 upper limbs studied 33 showed normal morphology, the course and branching patterns of the nerves was normal (97.06%). In 1 specimen in the left forearm (2.94%), the radial and ulnar nerves were dissected and communicating branches were observed originating near the upper third in the posterior aspect of the forearm traveling from the ulnar to the radial nerve. The communicating branch was approximately 5.84 cm long and 1.73 mm in diameter. This anastomotic branch is an unusual anastomosis, no described in the literature between radial and ulnar nerve in forearm. Knowledge on the variant pattern of peripheral nerves is imperative not only for the surgeons, but also for the radiologists during image technology and MRI interpretations and for the anesthesiologists before administering anesthetic agents thus in diagnostic approaches.   Conclusions: Lack of understanding of these variations can also confound the assessment of the severity of nerve injury as well as recovery. Awareness of such anatomical variations is very important in order to proper diagnosis of sensorimotor symptoms.

scholarly journals Cadaveric Study of Anatomical Variations in the Musculocutaneous Nerve and in the Median Nerve

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 122-125
Author(s):  
Abhilasha Priya ◽  
Chandni Gupta ◽  
Antony Sylvan D'souza
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Musculocutaneous Nerve ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Kasturba Medical College ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lateral Cord

Introduction The musculocutaneous nerve and the median nerve are branches from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus with a root value of C5, C6, and C7. The medial root of the median nerve is a branch of the medial cord. The present study aims at observing any variations in these peripheral nerves, so that this knowledge can be utilized by surgeons, anesthesiologists, and orthopedicians during surgical procedures and nerve block. Materials and Methods The present study was carried on 30 adult embalmed cadavers (60 upper limbs) in the department of anatomy of the Kasturba Medical College , Manipal, India. The infraclavicular part of the brachial plexus was dissected, and any anatomical variations in the formation and in the branching pattern of the musculocutaneous nerve and of the median nerve were noted and photographs were taken. Results The median nerve was noted to be formed from 3 roots in 8 out of 60 dissected upper limbs (13.33%). The musculocutaneous nerve was absent in 5% of the dissected limbs, and communications between these 2 nerves were noted in 13.33% of the dissected limbs. Conclusions Noted variations of the nerves may be of help to surgeons operating in the axillas and in the arms.

The Branching Pattern and Communications of the Musculocutaneous Nerve

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 560-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KRISHNAMURTHY ◽  
S. R. NAYAK ◽  
L. VENKATRAYA PRABHU ◽  
R. P. HEGDE ◽  
S. SURENDRAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Musculocutaneous Nerve ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Upper Arm

Anatomical variations of peripheral nerves are important and can help explain otherwise incomprehensible clinical findings. A study of 26 right and 18 left formalin-preserved upper limbs identified the fact that the musculocutaneous nerve is subject to considerable anatomical variation, including communication with the median nerve. A study of its branching pattern made us aware of why debility after trauma to the lateral aspect of the upper arm may be more than expected, and this study considers the clinical and surgical importance of these variations of the musculocutaneous nerve.

scholarly journals Nervous Communications In The Upper Limb. A Cadaveric Study

10.3823/2536 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Ferreira Arquez
Keyword(s):  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Musculocutaneous Nerve ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Extreme Caution ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The University

Background: Anatomical variations of the terminal branches of the brachial plexus in terms of communication between nerves at the level of upper limb have been reported, these communications were median and musculocutaneous nerve, median and ulnar nerve, radial and ulnar nerve (at level humeral), but communications between the radial and ulnar nerve at level of the forearm are very rare. Methods and Findings: 34 upper extremities of 15 male and 2 females embalmed adults cadavers in the laboratory of Morphology of the University of Pamplona. The upper limbs were studied serially during the years 2013-2016. Of the 34 upper limbs studied in the Laboratory of Mor­phology of the University of Pamplona, in a 75 year-old male cadaver anatomical variations were found, dissected carefully and morphological details were photographed, these variations consisted of nervous communications between median and musculocutaneous nerve in the arm, median and ulnar nerve in the forearm, radial and ulnar nerve in the forearm. Conclusions: Knowledge of these communications is of clinical significance. Surgical, therapeutic and diagnostically invasive procedures require extreme caution to prevent lesions of the anastomotic branches.

scholarly journals Morphological Study Of Palmaris Longus Muscle

10.3823/2485 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Ferreira Arquez
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Male Subject ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Palmaris Longus ◽  
Longus Muscle ◽  
Palmaris Longus Muscle ◽  
The University

Background: The palmaris longus is one of the most variable muscle in the human body, this variations are important not only for the anatomist but also radiologist, orthopaedic, plastic surgeons, clinicians, therapists. In view of this significance is performed this study with the purpose to determine the morphological variations of palmaris longus muscle. Methods and Findings: A total of 17 cadavers with different age groups were used for this study. The upper limbs region (34 sides) were dissected carefully and photographed in the Morphology Laboratory at the University of Pamplona. Of the 34 limbs studied, 30 showed normal morphology of the Palmaris longus muscle (PL) (88,2%); PL was absent in 3 subjects (8,85% of all examined forearm). Unilateral absence was found in 1 male subject (2,95% of all examined forearm); bilateral agenesis was found in 2 female subjects (5,9% of all examined forearm). Duplicated PL muscle was found in 1 male subject (2,95 % of all examined forearm). The palmaris longus muscle was innervated by branches of the median nerve .The accessory palmaris longus muscle was supplied by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve.  Palmaris longus muscle is a muscle located in the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm. It has a small belly arising from the medial epicondyle of the humerus, and its long thin tendon inserts into the palmar aponeurosis in the hand, the muscle has importance in medical clinic, surgery, radiological analysis, in studies about high-performance athletes, in genetics and anthropologic studies. Conclusions: The anatomical variations of the palmaris longus muscle must be documented of their clinical significance and their potential use in orthopaedic and reconstructive surgery.

scholarly journals Study of Radial Nerve Injury Caused By Gunshot Wounds and Explosive Injuries among Iraqi Soldiers

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1622-1626
Author(s):  
Reza Akhavan-Sigari ◽  
Dorothee Mielke ◽  
Afshin Farhadi ◽  
Veit Rohde
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Humerus Fracture ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Blast Injuries ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Radial Nerve Injury

BACKGROUND: Gunshot wounds and blast injuries to the upper limbs produce complex wounds requiring management by multiple surgical specialities. AIM: We sought to determine the pattern of peripheral nerve injuries among Iraqi soldiers in the war. METHODS: We performed a 3 year retrospective cohort analysis based on medical records of patients with sustaining gunshot wounds and blast injuries to the upper limbs. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review board. The patients included were male, serving military personnel of all age groups and ranks presenting with weakness or sensory loss of radial nerve. Three hundred eighteen patients aged 24 years or older with a high-energy, diaphyseal fracture of the humerus and complete motor and sensory radial nerve palsy were reviewed retrospectively. In these patients, the physical examination and electrodiagnostic study were carried out by experienced neurologists. Seddon's classification system was used to assess the severity of the injury. The data related to the types of fracture, the type of damage, the factors causing damage and the failure of treatment were entered into the IBM SPSS 23 software after extraction of files. Based on mid-range indicators and data distribution, traumatic injuries among Iraqi soldiers in the war against ISIL were then investigated. RESULTS: A group of 318 patients with mean age of 25.41 ± 6 years were enrolled in the study, of which 127 patients were included with an open fracture and 191 patients with closed lesions. All 127 patients with a transected radial nerve had an open humerus fracture and were part of a complex upper-extremity injury. 113 of 127 subjects had primary repair of the radial nerve and recovered well. 14 of 127 subjects were not recovered. 3 of them had iatrogenic radial nerve injury due to the internal fixation device. Furthermore, all 191 patients with closed injuries recovered well. The average time to initial signs of recovery was 8 weeks (range, 1–27 weeks). Axonotmesis and Neurotmesis were found in 283 (89%) subjects. The average time to full recovery was determined to be 6 months (range, 1–22 months). The blast was found to be the main cause of nerve injury in 236 (74.2%) cases, followed by gunshot damage (21.4%, 68 subjects), falling from height and motor vehicle accidents (4.4%, 14 subjects) and multiple injuries (17%, 54 cases). CONCLUSIONS: Trauma caused by factors such as explosions and gunshot worsens the condition of the injuries and presents the treatment conditions with many challenges. However, the success rate in post-surgical recovery of humerus fracture and injured radial nerve can be remarkably higher in young people as compared to other age groups.

scholarly journals An Anatomical Study Of The Musculus Flexor Digitorum Brevis

10.3823/2486 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Ferreira Arquez
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Foot Surgery ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Brevis ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
The University

Background: The present study documents valuable new data on the anatomical variations of the musculus flexor digitorum brevis in an adult Colombian population, this muscle and in particular its fourth slip, has a significant clinical and surgical importance. The fourth slip is undergoing a phylogenetic degeneration. The purpose of this study is to conduct an evidenced on the prevalence of the musculus flexor digitorum brevis and its variants in humans. Methods and Findings: A total of 17 cadavers with different age groups were used for this study, 34 feet of 15 male and 2 females embalmed adults cadavers in the laboratory of Morphology of the University of Pamplona. All feet (n= 34) were studied serially during the years 2013-2016. Of the 34 feet examined, in 32 (94.12%) the muscle conformed to the classical descriptions given in anatomical textbooks showed 4 bellies. In the remaining 2 feet (5.88%) the muscle divided into three parts which ended in slender tendons to the second, third and fourth toes. Conclusions: The knowledge of the anatomical variations in relation to the demographic characteristics of patients would be of importance for diagnostic imaging and foot surgery.

scholarly journals CONCURRENT VARIATIONS IN THE FORMATION OF LATERAL CORD AND MEDIAN NERVE OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS. 208 Variaciones en la formación del cordón lateral y el nervio mediano del plexo braquial

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-212
Author(s):  
Virendra Budhiraja ◽  
Rakhi Rastogi
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Lateral Cord ◽  
Anterior Division ◽  
Formalin Fixed

El cordón lateral y el nervio mediano se asocian a variaciones. Observamos variaciones simultáneas en la formación del cordón lateral y nervio mediano en treinta y dos cadáveres fijados en formol. En 29,6% de extremidades superiores el cordón lateral se formó por la división anterior del tronco superior solamente. En el 21,8% de estos casos la división anterior del tronco medio formó dos raíces adicionales para el nervio mediano y en 7,8% de los casos la división anterior del tronco medio se unió con la raíz medial del nervio mediano. En el 14% de las extremidades superiores no se formó la parte superior del tronco y el cordón lateral se formó por la unión de la división anterior de las raíces C5, C6 y C7. En 6.2% de esos casos donde no se formó la parte superior del tronco, el nervio mediano recibió una raíz adicional del cordón lateral. Creemos que el conocimiento previo de estas variaciones anatómicas es de interés para el anatomista y médico por igual. Los cirujanos que realizan procedimientos que implican neoplasias o reparar traumatismos necesitan ser conscientes de estas variaciones. Lateral cord and median nerve are associated with variations. We observed concurrent variations in the formation of lateral cord and median nerve in thirty two formalin fixed cadavers. In 29.6% upper limbs Lateral cord was formed by anterior division of upper trunk only. In 21.8% of these cases the anterior division of middle trunk formed two additional roots for the median nerve and in 7.8% cases anterior division of middle trunk joined with medial root of median nerve. In 14% upper limbs the upper trunk was not formed and the lateral cord was formed by union of anterior division of C5, C6 and C7 roots. In 6.2% of such cases where upper trunk was not formed, the median nerve received an additional root from lateral cord. We believe that prior knowledge of such anatomical variations is of interest to the anatomist and clinician alike. Surgeons who perform procedures involving neoplasms or repairing trauma need to be aware of these variations.

Students’ Attitudes Towards Starting a Business, on the Example of Students at the University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów (Poland)

e-Finanse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-103
Author(s):  
Karolina Palimąka ◽  
Jacek Rodzinka
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Young People ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
The University ◽  
Starting A Business

AbstractEntrepreneurship understood as a manifestation of economic activity is an issue widely discussed in literature, especially in the field of economics. Today, a large part of society is involved in establishing and running a business, hence the shaping of entrepreneurial behaviors gains importance among all age groups, especially young people. The main objective of the conducted research was to examine the interest in starting their own business by students and to verify whether the direction of their studies or role in the group affects the students’ willingness to start a business and whether a family member runs a business influences this interest and moreover, whether capital and the idea are the two main criteria conditioning the decision.. The conclusions were based on a study, i.e. (mainly) the cross-analysis of data collected as part of a survey conducted among students of the University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów.

Transfer of a Motor Fascicle From the Ulnar Nerve to the Branch of the Radial Nerve Destined to the Long Head of the Triceps for Restoration of Elbow Extension in Brachial Plexus Surgery

Neurosurgery ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. E516-E520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Pretto Flores
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Transfer ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Elbow Extension ◽  
Long Head ◽  
Brachial Plexus Surgery

Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Restoration of elbow extension has not been considered of much importance regarding functional outcomes in brachial plexus surgery; however, the flexion of the elbow joint is only fully effective if the motion can be stabilized, what can be achieved solely if the triceps brachii is coactivated. To present a novel nerve transfer of a healthy motor fascicle from the ulnar nerve to the nerve of the long head of the triceps to restore the elbow extension function in brachial plexus injuries involving the upper and middle trunks. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Case 1 is a 32-year-old man sustaining a right brachial extended upper plexus injury in a motorcycle accident 5 months before admission. The computed tomography myelogram demonstrated avulsion of the C5 and C6 roots. Case 2 is a 24-year-old man who sustained a C5-C7 injury to the left brachial plexus in a traffic accident 4 months before admission. Computed tomography myelogram demonstrated signs of C6 and C7 root avulsion. The technique included an incision at the medial border of the biceps, in the proximal third of the involved arm, followed by identification of the ulnar nerve, the radial nerve, and the branch to the long head of the triceps. The proximal stump of a motor fascicle from the ulnar nerve was sutured directly to the distal stump of the nerve of the long head of the triceps. Techniques to restore elbow flexion and shoulder abduction were applied in both cases. Triceps strength Medical Research Council M4 grade was obtained in both cases. CONCLUSION: The attempted nerve transfer was effective for restoration of elbow extension in primary brachial plexus surgery; however, it should be selected only for cases in which other reliable donor nerves were used to restore elbow flexion.

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