scholarly journals Does Gender or Religion Contribute to the Risk of COVID-19 in Hospital Doctors in the UK?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sunil Daga ◽  
Sadaf Jafferbhoy ◽  
Geeta Menon ◽  
Mansoor Ali ◽  
Subarna Chakravorty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
Hospital Doctors ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The novel coronavirus pandemic is posing significant challenges to healthcare workers (HCWs) in adjusting to redeployed clinical settings and enhanced risk to their own health. Studies suggest a variable impact of COVID-19 based on factors such as age, gender, comorbidities and ethnicity. Workplace measures such as personal protective equipment (PPE), social distancing (SD) and avoidance of exposure for the vulnerable, mitigate this risk. This online questionnaire-based study explored the impact of gender and religion in addition to workplace measures associated with risk of COVID-19 in hospital doctors in acute and mental health institutions in the UK. The survey had 1206 responses, majority (94%) from BAME backgrounds. A quarter of the respondents had either confirmed or suspected COVID-19, a similar proportion reported inadequate PPE and 2/3 could not comply with SD. One third reported being reprimanded in relation to PPE or avoidance of risk. In univariate analysis, age over 50 years, being female, Muslim and inability to avoid exposure in the workplace was associated with risk of COVID-19. On multivariate analysis, inadequate PPE remained an independent predictor with a twofold (OR 2.29, (CI - 1.22-4.33), p=0.01) risk of COVID-19. This study demonstrates that PPE, SD and workplace measures to mitigate risk remain important for reducing the risk of COVID-19 in hospital doctors. Gender and religion did not appear to be independent determinants. It is imperative that employers consolidate risk reduction measures and foster a culture of safety to encourage employees to voice any safety concerns.

scholarly journals Does Gender or Religion Contribute to the Risk of COVID-19 in Hospital Doctors in the UK?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Daga ◽  
Sadaf Jafferbhoy ◽  
Geeta Menon ◽  
Mansoor Ali ◽  
Subarna Chakravorty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
Hospital Doctors ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe novel coronavirus pandemic is posing significant challenges to healthcare workers (HCWs) in adjusting to redeployed clinical settings and enhanced risk to their own health. Studies suggest a variable impact of COVID-19 based on factors such as age, gender, comorbidities and ethnicity. Workplace measures such as personal protective equipment (PPE), social distancing (SD) and avoidance of exposure for the vulnerable, mitigate this risk. This online questionnaire-based study explored the impact of gender and religion in addition to workplace measures associated with risk of COVID-19 in hospital doctors in acute and mental health institutions in the UK.The survey had 1206 responses, majority (94%) from BAME backgrounds. A quarter of the respondents had either confirmed or suspected COVID-19, a similar proportion reported inadequate PPE and 2/3 could not comply with SD. One third reported being reprimanded in relation to PPE or avoidance of risk. In univariate analysis, age over 50 years, being female, Muslim and inability to avoid exposure in the workplace was associated with risk of COVID-19. On multivariate analysis, inadequate PPE remained an independent predictor with a twofold (OR 2.29, (CI - 1.22-4.33), p=0.01) risk of COVID-19.This study demonstrates that PPE, SD and workplace measures to mitigate risk remain important for reducing risk of COVID-19 in hospital doctors. Gender and religion did not appear to be independent determinants. It is imperative that employers consolidate risk reduction measures and foster a culture of safety to encourage employees to voice any safety concerns. (240 words)

scholarly journals Efficacy of contact tracing for the containment of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-214051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt J Keeling ◽  
T Deirdre Hollingsworth ◽  
Jonathan M Read
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Central Public Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveContact tracing is a central public health response to infectious disease outbreaks, especially in the early stages of an outbreak when specific treatments are limited. Importation of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) from China and elsewhere into the UK highlights the need to understand the impact of contact tracing as a control measure.DesignDetailed survey information on social encounters from over 5800 respondents is coupled to predictive models of contact tracing and control. This is used to investigate the likely efficacy of contact tracing and the distribution of secondary cases that may go untraced.ResultsTaking recent estimates for COVID-19 transmission we predict that under effective contact tracing less than 1 in 6 cases will generate any subsequent untraced infections, although this comes at a high logistical burden with an average of 36 individuals traced per case. Changes to the definition of a close contact can reduce this burden, but with increased risk of untraced cases; we find that tracing using a contact definition requiring more than 4 hours of contact is unlikely to control spread.ConclusionsThe current contact tracing strategy within the UK is likely to identify a sufficient proportion of infected individuals such that subsequent spread could be prevented, although the ultimate success will depend on the rapid detection of cases and isolation of contacts. Given the burden of tracing a large number of contacts to find new cases, there is the potential the system could be overwhelmed if imports of infection occur at a rapid rate.

The impact of the novel coronavirus on trauma and orthopaedics in the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrin Morgan ◽  
Aashish K Ahluwalia ◽  
Arash Aframian ◽  
Lily Li ◽  
Stephen Ng Man Sun
Keyword(s):  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injury ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Orthopaedic Patients ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Injury Burden ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
British Orthopaedic Association

At first glance, the novel coronavirus pandemic and orthopaedic surgery appear separate entities. Orthopaedic surgeons are not generally considered front-line staff in terms of the treatment of the disease that the novel coronavirus causes compared with anaesthetic and medical colleagues. However, the impact that the novel coronavirus is likely to have on the musculoskeletal injury burden and the morbidity associated with chronic musculoskeletal disease is significant. This article summarises the strategies currently being developed for the remodelling of orthopaedic services in the UK and the emergency British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma and Orthopaedic guidelines released on 24 March 2020 in managing urgent orthopaedic patients during the novel coronavirus pandemic.

scholarly journals Gambling in COVID-19 Lockdown in the UK: Depression, Stress, and Anxiety

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Sharman ◽  
Amanda Roberts ◽  
Henrietta Bowden-Jones ◽  
John Strang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Potential Problem ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

To combat the spread of COVID-19, the UK Government implemented a range of “lockdown” measures. Lockdown has necessarily changed the gambling habits of gamblers in the UK, and the impact of these measures on the mental health of gamblers is unknown. To understand the impact of lockdown on gamblers, in April 2020, after ~6 weeks of lockdown, participants (N = 1,028, 72% female) completed an online questionnaire. Gambling engagement data was collected for pre-lockdown via the Brief Problem Gambling Screen (BPGS) allowing participants to be classified as Non-Gamblers (NG), Non-Problem Gamblers (NPG) or Potential Problem Gamblers (PPG). The Depression, Stress, and Anxiety Scale (DASS21) was used to measure depression, stress, and anxiety scores both pre- and during-lockdown. Results indicate that depression, stress and anxiety has increased across the whole sample. Participants classified in the PPG group reported higher scores on each sub scale at both baseline and during lockdown. Increases were observed on each DASS21 subscale, for each gambler group, however despite variable significance and effect sizes, the magnitude of increases did not differ between groups. Lockdown has had a significant impact on mental health of participants; whilst depression stress and anxiety remain highest in potential problem gamblers, pre-lockdown gambler status did not affect changes in DASS21 scores.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Early Dynamic Trends in Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: A Modeling Framework

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huazhen Lin ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Hong Gao ◽  
Jinyu Nie ◽  
Qiao Fan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Epidemic Size ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThe 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) represents a significant public health threat globally. Here we describe efforts to compare epidemic growth, size and peaking time for countries in Asia, Europe, North America, South America and Australia in the early epidemic phase.MethodsUsing the time series of cases reported from January 20, 2020 to February 13, 2020 and transportation data from December 1, 2019 to January 23, 2020 we have built a novel time-varying growth model to predict the epidemic trend in China. We extended our method, using cases reported from January 26, 2020 - or the date of the earliest case reported, to April 9, 2020 to predict future epidemic trend and size in 41 countries. We estimated the impact of control measures on the epidemic trend.ResultsOur time-varying growth model yielded high concordance in the predicted epidemic size and trend with the observed figures in C hina. Among the other 41 countries, the peak time has been observed in 28 countries before or around April 9, 2020; the peak date and epidemic size were highly consistent with our estimates. We predicted the remaining countries would peak in April or May 2020, except India in July and Pakistan in August. The epidemic trajectory would reach the plateau in May or June for the majority of countries in the current wave. Countries that could emerge to be new epidemic centers are India, Pakistan, Brazil, Mexico, and Russia with a prediction of 105 cases for these countries. The effective reproduction number Rt displayed a downward trend with time across countries, revealing the impact of the intervention remeasures i.e. social distancing. Rt remained the highest in the UK (median 2.62) and the US (median 2.19) in the fourth week after the epidemic onset.ConclusionsNew epidemic centers are expected to continue to emerge across the whole world. Greater challenges such as those in the healthcare system would be faced by developing countries in hotspots. A domestic approach to curb the pandemic must align with joint international efforts to effectively control the spread of COVID-19. Our model promotes a reliable transmissibility characterization and epidemic forecasting using the incidence of cases in the early epidemic phase.

scholarly journals 51 The Impact of Disability on Performance in the Intercollegiate Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons examination (MRCS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ellis ◽  
D Scrimgeour ◽  
J Cleland ◽  
A Lee ◽  
P Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Testing Accommodations ◽  
Pass Rates ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Similar Part ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Aim The number of clinicians with disabilities is increasing, however there is no data on the performance of doctors with registered disabilities in the postgraduate environment. If we are to ensure diversity and equality within the workforce, we must first identify whether attainment differences exist in markers of performance. To address this, we assessed the impact of disabilities on performance in the MRCS. Method All UK medical graduates who had attempted MRCS Part A (n = 9,597) and Part B (n = 4,562) between 2007-2017 with linked disability data in the UK Medical Education Database (https://www.ukmed.ac.uk) were included. Univariate analysis identified associations with MRCS performance and logistic regression models identified independent predictors of success. Results Candidates with registered disabilities (n = 635) had lower MRCS Part A pass rates (46.3% vs 59.8% (p < 0.001)) but similar Part B pass rates (68.2% vs 70.9% (p = 0.339)). They were nearly twice as likely to fail Part A (odds ratio 0.55 [95% Confidence Interval 0.46-0.64]). When prior academic attainment (A-Levels and medical school performance) was accounted for, there was no statistically significant difference in the likelihood of MRCS success (p>0.05). Pass rates were similar for candidates with specific learning difficulties and those with other registered disabilities (p>0.05). Conclusions This is the first study to assess the impact of disability status and type on performance at a postgraduate medical examination. It appears that candidates with registered disabilities performed less well in formal, written examinations generally. Although our data indicate that current MRCS testing accommodations are fair, enabling performance unrestricted by disability.

scholarly journals COVID-19, who published what: An early bibliometric analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Chehab ◽  
Hamed Hammoud ◽  
Mohamad Alchawa
Keyword(s):  
Impact Factor ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Research Productivity ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Article Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Background: The emergence of a novel coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has spread fear across the globe. As nations around the world mobilize significant resources to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have sought to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the disease. Objective: This study aimed to map the COVID-19 research productivity based on articles indexed in PubMed and ScienceDirect. Methods: The articles related to COVID-19 dated from December 2019 to December 2020 were retrieved from both databases. The articles were classified into categories according to their type and theme. Results: Publication outputs were assessed. A total of 518 articles were included for analysis. They were published in 182 journals, The Lancet is the most productive (41 articles; 9.1%). China (53.7%), USA(10.4%), and the UK (8.7%) were the most productive countries in terms of COVID-19 research. The most common type of research was commentary (21.8%) and the most frequent theme was awareness (30.3%). The median impact factor for the publishing journals was 3.717, with a statistically significant difference in the impact factor based on the article type, theme, and language. Conclusion: The findings of this first bibliometric study on COVID-19 suggest that there is a need for international collaboration and further research on the management of the disease.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and fertility services in the United Kingdom; a biphasic qualitative study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babu Karavadra ◽  
Andrea Stockl ◽  
Adam H Balen ◽  
Edward Patrick Morris
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Cultural Pressures ◽  
The Impact

Recently, fertility services have started the process of resumption since COVID 19 was declared a pandemic, but there remains significant uncertainty in the way this care will be delivered in the United Kingdom (UK). The objective of our study was to explore the impact of COVID-19 on individuals using fertility services in the UK. The study was conducted in two phases between May 2020 to July 2020: an online questionnaire involving 1212 participants and subsequent individual semi-structured telephone interviews with 15 participants. Through thematic analysis, we learned from the questionnaire findings that 74% of individuals identified as White British, 21% as Black And Minority Ethnic (BAME) and 2.6% as male. 96% of individuals from the questionnaire explained that COVID-19 had a ‘negative impact’ on their fertility treatment, namely ‘delay in care’. 82% of participants discussed concerns about the 'uncertainty' they felt about fertility services; these included the ‘unknown impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes’, the ‘unknown impact on general gynaecology services’ and the ‘unknown impact of COVID-19 on fertility success'. Through semi-structured telephone interviews with fifteen participants, we learned about the ‘cultural pressures’ individuals from BAME backgrounds faced in relation to care. Participants were mindful about the ‘pressures on the service’ when re-opening, and therefore ‘advancing maternal age’, ‘socio-economic background’ and ‘previous unsuccessful fertility treatment’ were the main factors individuals considered important when ‘prioritising’ fertility care. Our findings can be used by fertility service providers to appreciate the patient perspective when considering the re-opening of fertility services nationally and internationally.

scholarly journals Practice observed in managing gynaecological problems in post-menopausal women during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-228
Author(s):  
Faisal Karim ◽  
George Araklitis ◽  
Dudley Robinson ◽  
Linda Cardozo
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
New Era ◽  
King's College ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The way in which gynaecology services are provided in the UK has drastically changed within a short space of time due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. Gynaecologists are not considered front-line staff in the treatment of the novel coronavirus unlike our intensive care or accident and emergency colleagues. However, the impact this is having on those with chronic problems is significant, and the morbidity associated with missed malignancies could be problematic. This article summarises the strategies developed at King’s College Hospital to remodel services to best provide optimum treatment to patients in this new era.

scholarly journals Significance of Blast CD33 Expression for Effect of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin at Different Doses in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Results from the UK NCRI AML16/17 Trials

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 320-320
Author(s):  
Khan Naeem ◽  
Robert K. Hills ◽  
Paul Virgo ◽  
Stephen Couzens ◽  
Nithiya Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Off Label Use ◽  
Fluorescent Intensity ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Off Label ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Label Use

Abstract On behalf of the UK NCRI AML Working Group CD33 was the first target for antibody directed therapy in any cancer with further CD33-directed strategies, including bispecific or chimeric antigen receptors, in development in AML. Our previous meta-analysis results with the first anti-CD33 antibody conjugate Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin (GO) demonstrated the importance of appropriately defining patient subgroups (e.g. by cytogenetics) that may most benefit from this therapy and as such provides a paradigm for other antibody-directed agents. However in adult AML there is limited data on whether CD33 expression levels (for total blasts and any 'immature' CD34+CD38- blasts) contribute to GO response, taking into account the differences of blast CD33 levels associated with specific genetic abnormalities and that CD33 expression level may potentially be a prognostic factor as suggested by the pediatric AML COG study. We evaluated the impact of blast CD33 expression levels on prognosis and GO response in adult AML by central standardised flow cytometric analysis of diagnostic samples from 1364 non-APML patients from the UK NCRI AML16 (older patients, n=334, CD33 expression data not an entry requirement) and AML17 (younger patients, n=1030) trials. Both trials included a GO randomisation (AML16 GO vs not, AML17 3mg vs 6mg vs not first induction); in AML17 all CBF AMLs received GO. CD33 mean fluorescent intensity was quantified for overall blast population (blast CD33 MFI) and CD34+CD38- subset (potentially enriched for leukemic stem cells) (CD33 MFI of CD34+CD38-). Percentage CD33negative blasts of WBC (%CD33neg) was also calculated. Patients were divided into quartiles 1-4 (Q1-4) based on increasing values for each of these parameters. Prevalence of CBF AML (n=152, AML17 only) was inversely associated with high blast CD33 MFI (43% Q1-2, 5% Q4 p<.0001) but MFI levels were also lower for adverse cytogenetics (n=235) (prevalence of non-CBF AML, 55% Q1-2, 10% Q4 p<.0001). Both FLT3 ITD (n=213) and NPM1c (n=322) mutations were more likely to have high (Q3-4) blast CD33 MFI levels even when compared to other intermediate cytogenetic patients (71% of FLT3 ITD in Q3-4 p<.0001; 79% of NPM1c in Q3-4, p<.0001; 40% of non-mutated intermediate in Q3-4). FLT3 ITD and NPM1c were also associated with a low %CD33neg (Q1, <6.5%); FLT3 ITD 37%, NPM1c 43% vs intermediate 20%, CBFs 11%, adverse 16%. In univariate analysis of all patients, higher blast CD33 MFI levels predicted significantly better 5 year OS from entry (Q4 43%, Q2 or 3 36%, Q1 28%, p=0.009): significance was not maintained in analyses adjusted for cytogenetics, FLT3 ITD+, NPM1c, plusage, WBC, performance status, and trial protocol (AML16 vs AML17), although there was an improved CR/CRi (OR 0.81 (0.67-0.97), P=0.02). 321 non-CBF AML patients in our cohort were randomised to GO vs no GO. There was no evidence that CD33 expression levels or percentage of CD33negative blasts or detectable CD33negative CD34+CD38- blasts affected the overall outcome benefit from GO (p=NS for all interactions). There was also no evidence of an interaction between GO treatment and the positive prognostic impact of high CD33. Blast CD33 parameters did not significantly alter outcome in CBF AMLs (all received GO) suggesting that other biological factors are important for CBF GO sensitivity. Interestingly, despite overall lower blast CD33 levels of CBF AMLs, only 1.4% of these had a detectable CD33neg CD34+CD38- immature population of >0.35% of WBC (mean +2SD normal range of CD34+CD38-) compared to 19% of intermediates and 17% of adverse. This might contribute to the effectiveness of GO (and potentially other CD33-directed therapies) in CBF AMLs since clearance of potential LSCs in the CD34+CD38- subset would not be limited by low CD33 expression. For the 270 patients in the AML17 GO dose randomisation, relapse risk was improved by the higher 6mg/m2 dose for patients with a low blast CD33 MFI (Q1) (OR 0.54 (0.26-1.10); p=0.03 for trend) with no increase in 60-day mortality (P=0.4) (Figure). Conclusion Although genetic subgroups have distinct profiles of blast CD33 expression (including low CD33 in both CBF and adverse risk) CD33 levels are not an independent predictor of OS or benefit from GO by adjusted analyses in adult AML. However a higher dose of GO may be more effective at preventing relapse in AMLs with lower blast CD33 expression. These results may be relevant to future CD33-directed strategies. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures Off Label Use: Off Label Use: Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin, an antibody-drug conjugate used to treat AML. Russell:Therakos: Other: shares.

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