Treatment Paradigms With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Targeted Therapies in Colorectal Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. S44-S50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey Stein ◽  
Deirdre J. Cohen ◽  
Howard S. Hochster
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Epidermal Growth

scholarly journals Immunotherapies and Targeted Therapies in the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashanth Rawla ◽  
Adam Barsouk ◽  
Andreas V. Hadjinicolaou ◽  
Alexander Barsouk
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Cancer Hallmarks ◽  
Epidermal Growth

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths, and while mortality has largely improved in the developed world, five-year survival for metastatic disease remains dismally low at only 15%. Fortunately, nearly a dozen targeted therapies and immunotherapies have been FDA approved in the past decade for certain patient profiles with metastatic CRC (mCRC), and many others are under development. Checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab have proven effective at extending survival for mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient and high microsatellite instability (MSI) mCRC patients. In combination with chemotherapy in first- and second-line treatment, antiangiogenic (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VGEF)) agent bevacizumab has been shown to increase mCRC survival. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) agents panitumumab and cetuximab, in combination with chemotherapy, have also prolonged survival among KRAS and all RAS wild-type mCRC patients. Among these patients, anti-EGFR therapy has been found to be more efficacious than bevacizumab. Improved selectivity has allowed small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors to target VEGF and EGFR with greater efficacy and tolerability. Combinations of immunotherapies, RTKs, monoclonal antibodies, and cytotoxic drugs are being investigated to provide broad-spectrum protection against relapse by simultaneously targeting many cancer hallmarks. Lastly, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapy has shown promise for HER2-positive mCRC patients, though larger clinical trials are required to secure FDA approval.

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