scholarly journals Over-Representation of Speech in Older Adults Originates from Early Response in Higher Order Auditory Cortex

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 774-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Brodbeck ◽  
Alessandro Presacco ◽  
Samira Anderson ◽  
Jonathan Z. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Higher Order

scholarly journals Increased speech representation in older adults originates from early response in higher order auditory cortex

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Brodbeck ◽  
Alessandro Presacco ◽  
Samira Anderson ◽  
Jonathan Z. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Source Localization ◽  
Acoustic Signal ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Robust Tracking ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Response Peak

1SummaryPrevious research has found that, paradoxically, while older adults have more difficulty comprehending speech in challenging circumstances than younger adults, their brain responses track the acoustic signal more robustly. Here we investigate this puzzle by using magnetoencephalography (MEG) source localization to determine the anatomical origin of this difference. Our results indicate that this robust tracking in older adults does not arise merely from having the same responses as younger adults but with larger amplitudes; instead they recruit additional regions, inferior to core auditory cortex, as part of an early response peak at ~ 30 ms relative to the acoustic signal.

scholarly journals Cortical Representations of Speech in a Multi-talker Auditory Scene

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna C. Puvvada ◽  
Jonathan Z. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Auditory Scene ◽  
Global Representation ◽  
Stimulus Reconstruction ◽  
Background Object ◽  
Cortical Representations

AbstractThe ability to parse a complex auditory scene into perceptual objects is facilitated by a hierarchical auditory system. Successive stages in the hierarchy transform an auditory scene of multiple overlapping sources, from peripheral tonotopically-based representations in the auditory nerve, into perceptually distinct auditory-objects based representation in auditory cortex. Here, using magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings from human subjects, both men and women, we investigate how a complex acoustic scene consisting of multiple speech sources is represented in distinct hierarchical stages of auditory cortex. Using systems-theoretic methods of stimulus reconstruction, we show that the primary-like areas in auditory cortex contain dominantly spectro-temporal based representations of the entire auditory scene. Here, both attended and ignored speech streams are represented with almost equal fidelity, and a global representation of the full auditory scene with all its streams is a better candidate neural representation than that of individual streams being represented separately. In contrast, we also show that higher order auditory cortical areas represent the attended stream separately, and with significantly higher fidelity, than unattended streams. Furthermore, the unattended background streams are more faithfully represented as a single unsegregated background object rather than as separated objects. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the progression of the representations and processing of a complex acoustic scene up through the hierarchy of human auditory cortex.Significance StatementUsing magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings from human listeners in a simulated cocktail party environment, we investigate how a complex acoustic scene consisting of multiple speech sources is represented in separate hierarchical stages of auditory cortex. We show that the primary-like areas in auditory cortex use a dominantly spectro-temporal based representation of the entire auditory scene, with both attended and ignored speech streams represented with almost equal fidelity. In contrast, we show that higher order auditory cortical areas represent an attended speech stream separately from, and with significantly higher fidelity than, unattended speech streams. Furthermore, the unattended background streams are represented as a single undivided background object rather than as distinct background objects.

scholarly journals The higher order auditory cortex is involved in the assignment of affective value to sensory stimuli

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Grosso ◽  
Marco Cambiaghi ◽  
Annamaria Renna ◽  
Luisella Milano ◽  
Giorgio Roberto Merlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Affective Value

Musical training modulates encoding of higher-order regularities in the auditory cortex

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibylle C. Herholz ◽  
Bastiaan Boh ◽  
Christo Pantev
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Higher Order

scholarly journals Impact of close family members on older adults' early response to depression treatment.

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Martire ◽  
Richard Schulz ◽  
Charles F. Reynolds ◽  
Jennifer Q. Morse ◽  
Meryl A. Butters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Depression Treatment ◽  
Close Family

scholarly journals Experiences and Strategies Influencing Older Adults to Continue Playing Walking Football

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Rachel Cholerton ◽  
Helen Quirk ◽  
Jeff Breckon ◽  
Joanne Butt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Conscious Process ◽  
Adapted Sports

Adults aged 55+ years are most likely to be inactive, despite research suggesting that older adults experience multiple benefits when participating in physical activity and sport. Limited research focuses on long-term continuation of sport participation in this population, especially in “adapted sports” like walking football. This study explored the experiences of walking football maintenance in 55- to 75-year-old players. Semistructured interviews were conducted, with 17 older adults maintaining walking football play over 6 months. The inductive analysis revealed five higher-order themes representing maintenance influences and two higher-order themes relating to maintenance mechanisms (i.e., the conscious process by which players maintain). Influences when maintaining walking football included individual- and culture-level influences (e.g., perceived benefits of maintenance and ability acceptance). Maintenance mechanisms included cognitions and behaviors (e.g., scheduling sessions and redefining physical activity expectations). Findings highlight novel implications for policy and practice, which are important to consider when delivering walking football to older adults.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of EEG resting-state brain networks in absolute pitch

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marielle Greber ◽  
Carina Klein ◽  
Simon Leipold ◽  
Silvano Sele ◽  
Lutz Jäncke
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Whole Brain

AbstractThe neural basis of absolute pitch (AP), the ability to effortlessly identify a musical tone without an external reference, is poorly understood. One of the key questions is whether perceptual or cognitive processes underlie the phenomenon as both sensory and higher-order brain regions have been associated with AP. One approach to elucidate the neural underpinnings of a specific expertise is the examination of resting-state networks.Thus, in this paper, we report a comprehensive functional network analysis of intracranial resting-state EEG data in a large sample of AP musicians (n = 54) and non-AP musicians (n = 51). We adopted two analysis approaches: First, we applied an ROI-based analysis to examine the connectivity between the auditory cortex and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) using several established functional connectivity measures. This analysis is a replication of a previous study which reported increased connectivity between these two regions in AP musicians. Second, we performed a whole-brain network-based analysis on the same functional connectivity measures to gain a more complete picture of the brain regions involved in a possibly large-scale network supporting AP ability.In our sample, the ROI-based analysis did not provide evidence for an AP-specific connectivity increase between the auditory cortex and the DLPFC. In contrast, the whole-brain analysis revealed three networks with increased connectivity in AP musicians comprising nodes in frontal, temporal, subcortical, and occipital areas. Commonalities of the networks were found in both sensory and higher-order brain regions of the perisylvian area. Further research will be needed to confirm these exploratory results.

scholarly journals The Uniform Dataset 3.0 Neuropsychological Battery: Factor Structure, Invariance Testing, and Demographically Adjusted Factor Score Calculation

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 576-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Kiselica ◽  
Troy A. Webber ◽  
Jared F. Benge
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Factor Score ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Invariance Testing ◽  
Metric Invariance

AbstractObjective:The goals of this study were to (1) specify the factor structure of the Uniform Dataset 3.0 neuropsychological battery (UDS3NB) in cognitively unimpaired older adults, (2) establish measurement invariance for this model, and (3) create a normative calculator for factor scores.Methods:Data from 2520 cognitively intact older adults were submitted to confirmatory factor analyses and invariance testing across sex, age, and education. Additionally, a subsample of this dataset was used to examine invariance over time using 1-year follow-up data (n = 1061). With the establishment of metric invariance of the UDS3NB measures, factor scores could be extracted uniformly for the entire normative sample. Finally, a calculator was created for deriving demographically adjusted factor scores.Results:A higher order model of cognition yielded the best fit to the data χ2(47) = 385.18, p < .001, comparative fit index = .962, Tucker-Lewis Index = .947, root mean square error of approximation = .054, and standardized root mean residual = .036. This model included a higher order general cognitive abilities factor, as well as lower order processing speed/executive, visual, attention, language, and memory factors. Age, sex, and education were significantly associated with factor score performance, evidencing a need for demographic correction when interpreting factor scores. A user-friendly Excel calculator was created to accomplish this goal and is available in the online supplementary materials.Conclusions:The UDS3NB is best characterized by a higher order factor structure. Factor scores demonstrate at least metric invariance across time and demographic groups. Methods for calculating these factors scores are provided.

scholarly journals Speech Recognition in Younger and Older Adults: A Dependency on Low-Level Auditory Cortex

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (19) ◽  
pp. 6078-6087 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Harris ◽  
J. R. Dubno ◽  
N. I. Keren ◽  
J. B. Ahlstrom ◽  
M. A. Eckert
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Low Level
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