scholarly journals A Review on Natural Food Supplements‐ Ginger and Garlic

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1249-1252
Author(s):  
Ananya Ramesh ◽  
Monisha M ◽  
Swathi Krishna S
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

Analysis of the antimicrobial effects of the extracts of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum) against microorganisms like Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli were done. These extracts are known to be household medicines used to cure aliments like sore throat, cold, indigestion etc. The results and data collected from these experiments can be used to synthesize plant based medicines and food supplements.100% pure extract of ginger and garlic is prepared and diluted using distilled water to give varying concentrations ( 5%, 25%,50% and 75%) this is used to study the minimum inhibitory concentration, the minimum lethal concentration and the zone of inhibition. Once the minimum inhibitory concentration is verified, a food supplement can be formulated which can be put in empty gelatin or vegetarian capsules and can bring forward a necessary food supplement which will prove beneficial to the society in terms of nutrition.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Ipomoea pes-caprae L. against Selected Microbial Species

2019 ◽  
pp. 616-623
Author(s):  
Christhu Uthayam M ◽  
P. Vijayarengan
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
The Mean

In the present investigation, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of leaves of Ipomea pes-caprae were studied for the antibacterial and antifungal activities against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus pumilus, B. subtilis, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia fungal strains such as Aspergillus niger, A. fumigates and A. flavus and the results are presented. The mean zone of inhibition for bacteria ranged from 8.5 to 25.6 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentrations were from 15.62 to 500 µg/mL and 31.25 to 1000 µg/mL respectively. The standard drug, Ciprofloxacin (10 µg/disc) was used for standard bacterial strains and recorded mean zone of inhibition ranged from 23.5 to 29.5 mm. The mean zone of inhibition for Aspergillus species ranged from 9.6 to 21.5 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentrations were from 31.25 to 500 µg /mL and 62.5 to 1000 µg/mL respectively. The standard drug, Ketoconazole (5 µg/disc) was used for Aspergillus species and recorded mean zone of inhibition ranged from 23.5 mm to 26.5 mm.

ANTIFUNGAL TOPICAL GEL OF LEAF EXTRACT OF AMARANTHUS VIRIDIS L. FOR TREATMENT OF CUTANEOUS CANDIDIASIS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
A. P. Pandit ◽  
◽  
K. S. Khandagale ◽  
V. C Nakhate ◽  
N. N Dharmadhikari
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Topical Gel ◽  
Cutaneous Candidiasis

The objective of the study was to prepare antifungal gel using leaves of Amaranthus viridis for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis. The leaves were studied for pharmacognostic evaluation. The powder of leaves was tested for phytoconstituents. The plant extract was evaluated for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) and antifungal activity. Gel was prepared and evaluated for pH, viscosity, homogeneity and grittiness. MIC and MFC of extract were both found to be 600 mg. The zone of inhibition of extract was obtained at 21.2±0.2mm, which confirmed antifungal activity, due to presence of phenolic compound. Gel exhibited good antifungal activity, good spreadability, extrudability and high viscosity. Thus, gel loaded with leaves extract of A. viridis is a good choice for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis.

scholarly journals Assessment of antimicrobial activity of Cola milleni seed and pulp extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Penicillium notatum

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
A.M. Aliyu ◽  
S.J. Oluwafemi ◽  
S. Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Penicillium Notatum ◽  
Standard Techniques

All over the world, hundreds of plants have been identified based on researchers and experimental evidence as good sources of medicinal agents. The bioactive components (phytochemicals) of both the seeds and pulp of Cola milleni were extracted using ethanol as solvent. The bioactive components detected were alkaloids, tanins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, sterols, resins and terpenes while Flavonoids, anthraquinones, anthracyanides and phenol were not detected for both the seed and pulps. Antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract (Seed and pulp) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Penicillium notatum was carried out using standard techniques. Staphylococcus aureus had the highest zone of inhibition for pulp having a range of 9.7mm±0.58mm - 19.7mm±2.52mm while Penicllium notatum had the least with 0.00mm. S.aureus also had the highest zone of inhibition range of 14.3mm±2.08mm - 21.3mm±1.53mm for the seed extract while penicillium had the least inhibition range of 5.0mm±1.00mm - 5.7mm±0.58. E.coli showed the highest minimum inhibitory concentration with ethanol extract of the pulp (160mg/ml) while penicillium notatum was not reactive. The minimum inhibitory concentration of seed against penillium notatum was the highest (160mg/ml) while staphylococcus aureus showed the lowest of 40mg/ml. The antimicrobial activity is as a result of the presence of phytochemicals detected, which suggest the use of the plant for the treatment of diseases caused by these organisms. Key words: Cola millenii, Phytochemical, Antimicrobial activity, Bacteria, Fungi

scholarly journals Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties of Acorus calamus, Curcuma mangga, and Allium sativum

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Bayyinatul Muchtaromah ◽  
Mujahidin Ahmad ◽  
Emy Koestanti S ◽  
Yuni Ma’rifatul A ◽  
Velayati Labone A
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Inhibitory Zone ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Mic Value

The purpose of this study to determine the content of phytochemicals, antioxidant and antifungal properties of the combination of Acorus calamus, Curcuma mangga, and Allium sativum. This research was descriptive qualitative, extractions were done by maceration method with ethanol with 3 different combinations (C1, C2 and C3). Phytochemical test reagent included 4 kinds of test, namely: alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins and tannins. As for the antioxidant test, the method used was DPPH. The concentration used at 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm. As for the antifungal test conducted on Candida albicans with Kirby-Bauer disc methods with a concentration of 100%, followed by the MIC and MBC test with a concentration of 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.13%, 1.56%, 0.78% and 0.39%. Phytochemical test results indicated the presence of the alkaloids, flavonoids and triterpenoids compounds in 3 different combinations (C1, C2 and C3). The highest antioxidant levels founded in C1 (61.75) followed by C3 (47.94) and the lowest levels founded in C2 (42.76). The antifungal test showed the inhibitory zone against C.  albicans. The highest inhibitory zone was found in C1 at 5.44 ± 1.78 mm (medium category), followed by C2 at  4.08 ± 0.86 mm (medium category), and C3 at 3.05 ± 0.23 mm (medium category). As for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value got on the concentration of 0:39% and minimum fungisidal concentration (MFC) values were at a concentration of 0.78%.    Key word: Acorus calamu, Allium sativum, Curcuma manga, Antioxidant, antifungal, Candida albicans

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activities of 5-Nitro-2-uryl and 5-Nitro-2-Imidazolyl Derivatives of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hassan Moshafi ◽  
Ali Peymani ◽  
Alireza Foroumadi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Zabihi ◽  
Farzad Doostishoar
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Derivatives Of

Introduction: Nitrofurans and nitroimidazoles are broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, which affect the microbial DNA. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the new derivatives of these two groups of antimicrobials against certain Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Materials and Methods: Seven new derivatives of nitrofurans and nitroimidazoles were synthesized, and 6.4 mg of each derivative was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. Then, 8 serial dilutions (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 μg/ml) of each derivative was prepared using Muller-Hinton broth, and the minimum inhibitory concentration for each derivative was measured and compared to ciprofloxacin (standard). Results: All the derivatives had no antibacterial effects against Gram-negative bacteria (minimum inhibitory concentration > 64 μg/ml); only 2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-5-(n-pentylsulfunyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole exhibited mild antibacterial effects against Klebsiella pneumonia (minimum inhibitory concentration of 16-32 μg/ml). The antibacterial effects of the derivatives against Gram-positive bacteria also showed variations from complete inhibition of the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis (minimum inhibitory concentration < 0.5 μg/ml) by 2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-5-(n-buthylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole to no inhibition of S. epidermidis and streptococcus pyogenes. Conclusion: These compounds have weak antibacterial effects; only two derivatives showed antibacterial effects similar to that of the positive control.

scholarly journals INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE VAR RUBRUM EXTRACT AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Firnanda Iptita Dewi ◽  
Manik Retno Wahyunitisari
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Red Ginger

Background: gram-negative bacteria-salmonella typhi and gram-positive bacteria-staphylococcus aureus are types of bacteria that cause infectious disease among several areas in Indonesia. Staphylococcus aureus often found in skin lesions injury. Red ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) has been known for its medicinal value especially as an antibacterial agent. Purpose: This study aims to test the ability of Zingiber officinale var rubrum on inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: the activity of the antibacterial agent was calculated based on Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) using dilution method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of extract was determined by incubating bacteria with the extract overnight at 37 0C. Changes in turbidity and inhibition on bacterial growth were then observed. Result: The results show that minimum concentration for inhibitory effect was 1000 μg/mL.Conclusion: extract of Zingiber officinale var rubrum have an inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus but no activity of killing bacterial was observed on the concentration given.

scholarly journals Investigation of Bulb Extracts of Crinum jagus for Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
T.T. Alawode ◽  
L. Lajide ◽  
B.J. Owolabi ◽  
M.T. Olaleye
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Successive Extraction ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

This study investigates the bulb extracts of Crinum jagus for antimicrobial activities. The bulb samples were dried, ground and subjected to successive extraction using hexane, ethylacetate and methanol. The extracts were screened for activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebisidlae pneumonae, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum and Rhizopus stolonifer at concentrations between 6.25 and 200 mg/ml. Antimicrobial assays werecarried out using agar diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined. The percentage yields obtained for the hexane, ethylacetate and methanol extracts of the bulbs are 0.28 %, 0.44% and 24.68 % respectively. Results showed that the methanolic extract had better antibacterial and antifungal activities than the other extracts. The methanol extract showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus with a zone of inhibition of 28 mm at 200 mg/ml. Also, the methanol extract showed the highest antifungal activities against C. albicans, A. niger and P. notatum with a zone of inhibition of 20 mm at 200 mg/ml. The hexane and ethylacetate extracts had no activity against the microorganisms at 6.25 mg/ml.The methanol extract had the lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 2.50 mg/ml against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. typhi. The methanol extract could be a source of potent antimicrobial compounds. Keywords: Antibacterial, Antifungal, Crinum jagus, Agar diffusion, MIC

scholarly journals SCREENING, ISOLATION, AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCING BACTERIA OBTAINED FROM SAPROPHYTIC SOIL SAMPLES

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha Rajendran ◽  
Dhamodharan N ◽  
Dhivya C
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Test ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Studies

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of the study was conducted to screen and isolate potential antibiotic producing bacteria from saprophytic soils collected fromPotheri and Nandiambakkam.Methods: Soil was collected aseptically and subjected to serial dilution. Crowded plate technique was used for the isolation of the colony. Totallyseven isolates were isolated and were screened for their antibacterial activity. The three isolates (S2A, S2B, and S3A) having better zone of inhibitionwere selected for morphological, microscopical, and biochemical test to prove their validity. The selected isolates were partially purified. The partiallypurified samples further screened for antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the isolates, which shown good zone ofinhibition were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing studies to determine the species.Results: The isolates screened based on size of the zone formed. Best isolate selected by zone of inhibition was subjected to antibacterial activity,morphological, microscopical, and biochemical test, partial purification of three isolates and further screened for antibacterial and MIC. The isolateshowed good zone of inhibition compared to others by MIC was selected for 16S rRNA sequencing studies. Genomic DNA extracted from isolate S2Bconforms it belongs to Pseudomonas species which is named as Pseudomonas putida 2435.Conclusion: The research work revealed that the three isolates showed good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.The S2B isolate was confirmed to P. putida 2435 by 16S rRNA studies.Keywords: Isolation of soil microbes, Biochemical characterization, Antimicrobial activity, Minimum inhibitory concentration, 16S rRNA sequencing,Pseudomonas putida.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Child Formula Dentifrices at different Concentrations: An in vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Ritika Malhotra ◽  
ND Shashikiran
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of the present in vitro study is to evaluate and compare antimicrobial efficacy of commercially available child's dental formulas in reduced concentrations containing different forms of fluoride against Streptococcus mutans activity. Materials and methods The selected dentifrices were prepared in dilutions of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, and 1:16 using sterile pyrogen-free distilled water. Various dilutions of the selected toothpaste slurries were incubated in the agar plate containing pure strains of S. mutans, and antimicrobial activity of each was assessed by measuring the diameter of zones of inhibition (in mm). Agar well plate diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination were the methods used in this study. The inhibitory circle of each dentifrice was measured and MIC was achieved by considering the value of diameter of the circle. Results The results of the study showed that even at a lower concentration of fluoride, inhibition halos were obtained for all the formulations at different dilutions. Conclusion The kid's formulations having lower fluoride concentration show antimicrobial activity even after dilutions. Thus, commercially, the fluoride concentrations can be further lowered down in the dentifrices, thereby reducing the risk associated with fluoride. How to cite this article Malhotra R, Singla S, Shashikiran ND. Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Child Formula Dentifrices at different Concentrations: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):131-135.

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