scholarly journals Fungicidal Property of Andrographis paniculata extract on Fungal Organisms from Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad (Melon Seeds)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 461-466
Author(s):  
Chuku, E. C ◽  
Chika, B ◽  
Nmom, F. W
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Rhizopus Arrhizus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Botany Department ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Melon Seeds ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

Antifungal property of A. paniculata on fungal isolates from Citrullus colocynthis was investigated. Citrullus colocynthis were bought from traders in a major market in Abia State, Nigeria. The melon seeds were first cleaned and disinfested by keeping them in a freezer at -50C for 7 days to kill all hidden infestations. The disinfested seeds were dried in a Gallenkamp oven at 40oC for 4 hours before they were stored in plastic sterile containers with tight lids. Fresh plant of A. paniculata was collected from botanical garden of the Rivers State University and was identified in the botany department. The leaves of the plant were shade dried and blended into fine powder. Twenty grams (20g) of the powdered leaves was extracted using methanol and ethanol. The filtrate was evaporated and the resulting crude extract was used for antifungal sensitivity test. Fungi associated with rotted C. colocynthis were identified using standard microbiological methods. The antifungal activity of the extracts was carried out using the well in agar diffusion method. In this method, 48 hours old fungal isolate was inoculated on dried Sabouraud Dextrose Agar plates in duplicates. five wells were bored using sterile 6mm cork borer on the dried seeded plates before 0.2ml of the different concentrations of 100, 50, 25, and 12.5mg/ml of the methanol extracts were transferred into the wells using sterile pipettes. Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus sp and Mucor sp were identified from the melon seeds. The zone diameters of methanolic extract of A. paniculata on Rhizopus arrhizus, A. niger, A. flavus, Rhizopus sp and Mucor sp were 11.50±0.71, 19.50±0.71, 34.50±0.71, 15.00±0.00 and 17.00±0.00mm, respectively. The zone diameters of ethanolic extract of A. paniculata on Rhizopus arrhizus, A. niger, A. flavus, Rhizopus sp and Mucor sp were 0.00±0.00, 16.50±0.71, 34.50±0.71, 20.50±0.71 and 0.00±0.00mm, respectively. There were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the antifungal activity of the extract across the fungal isolates. The antifungal activity of the leave extracts showed that the ethanolic extract and the methanolic extract were very active on the fungal isolates and the antifungal activities of the extract was greatly influenced by the concentration of the extract, with higher concentrations of extract having high zone diameter.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the antifungal activity of some local medicinal plants against growth of Candida albicans in vitro

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
J.S. Al-Hussaini, and A. M. G. Al-Mohana
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Elettaria Cardamomum ◽  
Local Plants

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of the ethanolic extract of three local plants ( Elettaria cardamomum, Aloe vera, Thyme Vulgaris) against the growth of pathogenic Candida albicans in culture media. The antifungal activity was carried out by using agar well diffusion method. Ethanolic extracts of Elettaria cardamomum and Aloe vera inhibited the growth of Candida albicans isolates at all concentrations which tested in the present study (25, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 400) mg/ml, while the extract of Thymus vulgaris showed no activity against tested Candida albicans

scholarly journals MICROBICIDAL EVALUATION OF PLANT EXTRACTS - IRON METAL IONS COMPLEX

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Amarish Kumar Sharma ◽  
Jasvir Kaur ◽  
Anjana Rana Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Iron Metal ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

  Objective: The aim of this study is to screen and evaluate the antimicrobial or microbicidal effect of plant metabolites, conjugated with essential iron metal ions.Methods: First batch of study includes screening of antimicrobial activity of leaves of mint (Mentha), methi (Trigonella foenum-graecum), and neem (Azadirachta indica) against Bacillus, Aspergillus, and Rhizopus sp., respectively. Inhibition of microbial growth and propagation was investigated using agar well diffusion method (minimum inhibitory concentration evaluation). Antibiotic agent, streptomycin sulfate, and antimycotic agent, and fluconazole was used as a positive control. The polar, non-polar, and aqueous extracts of plants leaves of abovementioned plant species were screened for their antibacterial activity against Bacillus sp. and antifungal activity against Aspergillus and Rhizopus sp. and their mix culture, respectively. Second batch of study includes evaluation of combinatorial effect of plant extracts of mint (Mentha piperita), methi (T. foenum-graecum), and neem (A. indica) complexed with ferric ions (Fe3+, Iron metal ions) in concentrations at acceptable dosage range.Results: The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the plants leaves extracts in different combinations was evaluated. The plant extracts from selected plant of neem, methi, and mint after conjugation with essential iron metal ions and at a concentration of 100 mg/ml show an enhanced microbicidal (2-3 fold) activity compared to only plant extracts used in the experiment.Conclusion: Based on the above investigation, it can be concluded that the plant extracts possessing antimicrobial property when conjugated with essential metal ions (iron metal ions) show enhanced antimicrobial efficacy compared to only plant extracts used. The result from this investigation could be very helpful in the food preservation and packaging industry.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Phytochemical, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Capacities of Pennisetum purpureum (Schumach) Extracts

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
I. R. Jack ◽  
P. D. Clark ◽  
G. I. Ndukwe
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Test Organisms

Medicinal plants are valuable natural sources for the development of potentially safe drugs. The biological activities associated with these plants are due to the presence of certain phytochemicals that act individually or synergistically. Thus, this study examined the phytochemical components, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of n-hexane, ethylacetate and methanolic extracts of Pennisetum purpureum (Schumach). Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical assays of P. purpureum showed the presence of alkaloids (0.004%), saponins (0.002%), flavonoids (0.021%), steroids, terpenoids and glycosides (0.008%). Methanol, n-hexane and ethylacetate extracts of P. purpureum were examined for antimicrobial activity using the disc diffusion method. Six microbial strains were exposed to six different concentrations of each extracts; 200 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, 12.5 mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml. The three extracts demonstrated varied concentration-dependent antimicrobial activities against the test organisms. The methanolic extract showed antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, B. cereus and antifungal activity against T. mentagrophyte and A. niger. Among all extracts, the methanolic extract of P. purpureum exhibited relatively strong antifungal activity against A. niger (10.3±0.12 mm) when compared to the standard antifungal agent, fluconazole (13.9±0.12 mm). Furthermore, antioxidant activities were spectrophotometrically studied using vitamin C as standard; methanol and ethylacetate extracts of P. purpureum showed pronounced scavenging activity on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); and had a potent reductive ability on ferric ion and phosphomolybdate. However, only the non-polar extract of P. purpureum showed a non-significant correlation and significant differences when compared to vitamin C. Antioxidant activities of the plant extracts were observed in the order of methanol >ethylacetate> n-hexane extracts. The results showed that P. purpureum contains phytochemicals that significantly contributed to the observed antimicrobial and antioxidant abilities of the plant and could be used as a potential source for the development of novel therapeutic drugs.

scholarly journals Antimitotic activity of Piper nigrum on clinical isolates of candida

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1167-1171
Author(s):  
Gayathri Karthikeyan ◽  
Geetha RV ◽  
Lakshmi Thangavelu
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Antimitotic Activity ◽  
Diffusion Technique

The objective of this study is to analyse the antimycotic activity of pepper on the clinical isolates of Candida. The extracts were prepared in the following concentrations in sterile water. 5mg/ml and 10mg/ml and 20mg/ml. 100µl of an extract of different concentrations were loaded on sterile filter paper discs measuring 6mm in diameter, so that the concentration of the extract on each disc was 500µg, 1000 µg and 2000µg respectively. The discs were dried and kept aseptically. Screening of antifungal activity [dis diffusion technique] The ethanolic extract of Piper nigrum was screened for antifungal activity by the disc diffusion method. Effect of three different concentrations (2000, 1000, 500,µg /disc) of the ethanolic extract Of Piper nigrum was tested against Candida albicans using disc diffusion technique. All the concentrations of the test solution inhibited the fungal species with varying degree of sensitivity. The inhibitory zone was measured with respect to the different concentration of the extracts which include 2000 µg/disc and 500 µg/disc at both room temperature and cold temperature (4-8°c). The inhibition zones were evaluated at 24 and 48 hrs. The result of this study revealed that the pepper oil has pronounced inhibitory activities against Candida albicans. This result is comparable with studies which have shown that Piper nigrum has a broad antibacterial activity. Since Piper nigrum is easily available and well-tolerated, it can be incorporated into medication for topical antifungal therapy as well.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF DRIED FLOWERS OF ADENIUM OBESUM

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
SIREESHA KALVA ◽  
RAGHUNANDAN N.
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Objective: To estimate the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of Adenium obesum (family Apocyanaceae) in association with phytochemical analysis. Methods: The methanolic extract of the flowers of Adenium obesum was prepared and investigated for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. Antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract Adenium obesum has been carried out against one gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and one gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and the antifungal activity of the plant extract was evaluated on Candida albicans species. The testing was done by the disc diffusion method to visualize the zone of inhibition of methanolic extract was compared with that of standard drug i.e., Ciprofloxacin for antibacterial activity and Fluconazole for antifungal activity. The minimum inhibition concentration was determined by micro dilution method (cup-plate method). Results: The present investigation shows the phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, saponin glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, proteins and amino acids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, tannin, and phenolic compounds. The anti-microbial activity of the methanolic extract of the plant showed significant results against all the three of the test organisms in compare to the standard drugs. Conclusion: The present study concluded that methanolic extract of the flowers of adenium obesum proved the existence of phytochemical constituents. The methanolic extract of the was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards and it can be useful for the development of antibiotics.

Antifungal Activity of Six Medicinal Plants of Pakistan Against Selected Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-443
Author(s):  
Hussan Ara Begum ◽  
Fayaz Asad ◽  
Muhammad Hamayun ◽  
Waheed Murad ◽  
Ajmal Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Monotheca Buxifolia ◽  
Future Drug ◽  
Malus Baccata ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Antifungal properties of Cucumis sativus, Portulaca oleracea, Malus baccata, Saxifraga flagillaris, Geranium wallichianum. and Monotheca buxifolia were evaluated against Alternaria, Acremonium, Verticillium, Pythium, and Trichoderma, using agar well-diffusion method. The crude ethanolic extract of G. wallichianum showed the highest antifungal activity followed by P. oleracae and S. flagillaris. The dichloromethane fraction of G. wallichianum showed the highest antifungal activity against Acremonium (28 mm), Alternaria (20.50 mm) and Trichoderma (20 mm). The n-hexane fraction of C. sativus showed the maximum antifungal activity (20 mm) against Pythium. The present findings demonstrated that six selected plants contain precious natural products for treating infectious diseases and can be used to isolate chemical compounds for future drug sources. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 441-443, 2021 (June) 

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Selected Multi-Drug Resistant Clinical Isolates to Different Leaf Extracts of Senna alata

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Ibikunle Ibitayo ANIBIJUWON ◽  
Ifeoluwa Deborah GBALA ◽  
Bright Ifeanyi NNADOZIE ◽  
Olubukola IFAYEFUMI
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Senna Alata

The present study evaluated the antibacterial effects of the methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Senna alata leaves. The extracts were tested using agar well diffusion method against selected clinical isolates: Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiogram profile of the isolates deduced by disc diffusion method confirmed that the methanolic extract inhibited the growth of all tested organisms except for Klebsiella pneumoniae, which also showed no sensitivity to the ethanolic extract. There was no inhibition observed for the aqueous extract against all the tested organisms, indicating that the methanolic extract of the plant was more potent than the aqueous extract. Inhibitory activities were observed for gentamicin, ofloxacin and erythromycin against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. No inhibitory activity was observed in all the antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In Klebsiella pneumoniae, inhibition was only observed in ofloxacin. The activity of both the methanolic and ethanolic extract of Senna alata was optimal under different concentrations, but gradually diminished as the concentration was adjusted. The activity of the plant extracts against the selected bacteria is an indication of the presence of broad spectrum bioactive compounds which could be explored in the therapy of bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Medical Fungal Isolates to Commonly used Antifungal Agents

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
V. K. Robinson ◽  
B. Samuel-Penu ◽  
S. O. Minimah
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

The susceptibility of fungal isolates associated with indoor air of medical institutions to commonly used antifungal agents were investigated using the open plate technique on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar plates. The well in agar diffusion technique was used in determining the antifungal susceptibility. The antifungal agents used were fluconazole and ketoconazole and these drugs were prepared into four concentrations. Result showed reduced antifungal activity as the concentration decreased. Results of fluconazole against the fungal isolates showed that Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Candida sp, and Mucor sp were all sensitive at 5 mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml, and 1.25 mg/ml while Rhizopus sp was only sensitive at the 5mg/ml concentration. Antifungal activity of ketoconazole showed that Aspergillus flavus, Candida sp, Mucor sp and Rhizopus sp were all sensitive at the 5, 2.5, 1.25 and 0.63 mg/ml concentrations while A. niger was susceptible to ketoconazole at 5 and 2.5 mg/ml concentrations. The MIC of Ketoconazole against Candida sp, Aspergillus flavus, Mucor sp and Rhizopus sp was 0.63 mg/ml. while the MIC of Aspergillus niger was at 2.5 mg/ml. There was highly significant difference (P≤0.05) in the response of the fungal isolates to fluconazole and ketoconazole in all concentrations of the drugs. Result also showed that both drugs were more effective against Candida sp and because of the effectiveness of ketoconazole on other isolates, it is recommended for use in treating mycoses caused by these fungi from this site.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of essential oil isolated from Ocimum gratissimum L. (eugenol chemotype) against phytopathogenic fungi

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 867-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terezinha de Jesus Faria ◽  
Rafael Sottero Ferreira ◽  
Lidiane Yassumoto ◽  
José Roberto Pinto de Souza ◽  
Noemia Kazue Ishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Alternaria Sp

An investigation of antifungal activity of the essential oil obtained by steam-distillation (1.1% w/w) of the aerial parts of Ocimum gratissimum and of an ethanolic extract from the steam-distillation residue was carried out using the agar diffusion method. The results revealed that the essential oil inhibited the growth of all fungi tested, including the phytopathogens, Botryosphaeria rhodina, Rhizoctonia sp. and two strains of Alternaria sp., while the extract from the residue was inactive. The essential oil was subjected to TLC bioautography used to detect fungitoxic constituents. The compound that showed antifungal activity was isolated and identified as eugenol. GC/MS analysis showed that eugenol was the main constituent of the essential oil studied. The antifungal activity of eugenol was evaluated against a species of Alternaria isolated from tomato (A1) and Penicillium chrysogenum. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of eugenol were 0.16 and 0.31 mg/disc for Alternaria sp. (A1) and P. chrysogenum, respectively.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF DRIED FLOWERS OF ADENIUM OBESUM

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
SIREESHA KALVA ◽  
RAGHUNANDAN N.
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Objective: To estimate the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of Adenium obesum (family Apocyanaceae) in association with phytochemical analysis. Methods: The methanolic extract of the flowers of Adenium obesum was prepared and investigated for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. Antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract Adenium obesum has been carried out against one gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and one gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and the antifungal activity of the plant extract was evaluated on Candida albicans species. The testing was done by the disc diffusion method to visualize the zone of inhibition of methanolic extract was compared with that of standard drug i.e., Ciprofloxacin for antibacterial activity and Fluconazole for antifungal activity. The minimum inhibition concentration was determined by micro dilution method (cup-plate method). Results: The present investigation shows the phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, saponin glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, proteins and amino acids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, tannin, and phenolic compounds. The anti-microbial activity of the methanolic extract of the plant showed significant results against all the three of the test organisms in compare to the standard drugs. Conclusion: The present study concluded that methanolic extract of the flowers of adenium obesum proved the existence of phytochemical constituents. The methanolic extract of the was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards and it can be useful for the development of antibiotics.

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