scholarly journals DP 0254 - Brazil’s Participation in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations: evolution, challenges, and opportunities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Israel de Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Eduarda Passarelli Hamann ◽  
Matheus Augusto Soares
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Evolutionary Pattern ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Future Orientations ◽  
First Moment ◽  
Third Moment

Based on a state policy perspective, this paper seeks to present the path of Brazil’s participation in United Nations (UN) peace operations, from its genesis in 1947 to the present day, with the intent to comprehend whether there is a progressive and evolutionary pattern in these engagement efforts, and which would be the main challenges, contributions and future orientations to the country in this matter. To this end, in a first moment, the text will bring a conceptual discussion regarding the different definitions and understandings on peace operations. Subsequently, we will analyze the evolution of UN peace operations throughout its 70 years and the Brazilian positions during this period. In a third moment, we will present final considerations, identifying the upcoming challenges and the main possible perspectives for Brazil to engage in future peace operations. The intention, therefore, is to ascertain whether peacekeeping operations, as an instrument of international politics aligned to the guidelines of Brazilian defense and foreign policies, should continue to be supported by Brazil or if new reorientations are necessary as a national strategy.

Part 3 The United Nations: What it Does, 27 Peacekeeping and other Peace Operations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Higgins Dame Rosalyn, DBE, QC ◽  
Webb Philippa ◽  
Akande Dapo ◽  
Sivakumaran Sandesh ◽  
Sloan James
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Legal Requirement ◽  
Host State ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
The Future

This chapter examines the UN’s peacekeeping operations. A peacekeeping operation may be defined as a UN-authorized, UN-led force made up of civilian and/or military personnel donated by states or seconded by the Secretariat, physically present in a country or countries with a view to facilitating the maintenance of peace, generally after a conflict has ceased. Many consider that for an operation to be peacekeeping, it must take place with the consent of the host state. However, this may or may not be a legal requirement, depending on the constitutional basis of the operation. The chapter discusses the fundamental characteristics of peacekeeping; categories of peacekeeping; legal basis for peacekeeping; peacekeeping and consent; peacekeeping and the use of force; peacekeeping and impartiality; functions of peacekeeping operations; UN Transitional Administrations; and the future of UN peacekeeping.

scholarly journals Operações de Paz: novos mandatos e suas implicações para os países contribuintes com tropas * Peace operations: new mandates and their implications for troops contributing countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
SÉRGIO LUIZ CRUZ AGUILAR
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
International Security ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Military

<p><strong>Resumo: </strong>O artigo apresenta as alterações nas operações de paz contemporâneas conduzidas pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) e suas implicações para o Brasil. Baseada em bibliografia sobre o assunto e documentos das Nações Unidas o texto apresenta o apoio conceitual e jurídico para a implementação dessas operações e descreve a evolução dos mandatos e do uso da força pelo componente militar. Com base nas alterações recentes, o texto discorre sobre tendências na aprovação e condução das operações e suas implicações para os países contribuintes com tropa. </p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Operações de Paz; Nações Unidas; Segurança Internacional.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The article presents the changes in contemporary peacekeeping operations conducted by the United Nations (UN) in a historical perspective and its implications for the troops contributing countries. Based on literature of the subject and UN documents the text presents the conceptual and legal support for the implementation of these operations and describes the evolution of mandates and the use of force by the military component. Based on recent changes, we discuss trends in the approval and conduct of operations and their implications for the troops contributing countries.<strong></strong></p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Peace Operations; United Nations; International Security.

Making Peace or Preventing It? UN Peacekeeping, Terrorism, and Civil War Negotiations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaisa Hinkkainen Elliott ◽  
Sara M T Polo ◽  
Liana Eustacia Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Direct Test ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Rebel Groups ◽  
Un Peacekeeping

Abstract Previous studies have highlighted that United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations are effective at reducing violence during civil wars. But can these operations also change the incentives of the warring parties and lead them to pursue non-violent alternatives? This article provides the first direct test of UN peacekeeping troops’ effectiveness at inducing non-violent engagements, specifically negotiations during civil wars. Our analysis of disaggregated monthly data on peace operations, negotiations, and violence in African conflicts (1989–2009) reveals that sizable deployments of UN military troops, by themselves, are insufficient to foster negotiations, even when they reduce battlefield violence. Instead, the probability of negotiation instances is conditional on rebel tactics. We posit, when rebels engage in terrorism, peacekeeping troops can inadvertently alter the “power to hurt” of the belligerents in favor of rebel groups and create conditions conducive to negotiations. Our results have important implications for research on the effectiveness of both peacekeeping and terrorism and for policy-making.

Informal Justice and United Nations Peace Operations

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-192
Author(s):  
Bruce Oswald
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Informal Justice ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Serious Crime ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Military Members ◽  
Justice Systems

This paper seeks to address how UN military members undertaking UN peacekeeping operations should engage with customary or informal justice systems that they encounter. The relevant guidance that exists suggests that, as a policy matter, informal justice systems should not be allowed to deal with matters of serious crime because of the danger they may violate basic rights, and because dealing with serious crime is a key prerogative of the state. However, there is a growing movement away from adopting a unitary, state-centric rule of law orthodoxy approach, towards viewing the rule of law from the perspective of legal pluralism. Using that perspective, and in acknowledging that military members of UN peace operations are highly likely to be confronted by informal justice systems during peace operations, this paper maps three principles that UN military members should apply when dealing with informal justice systems in the context of UN peace operations: giving due regard to applicable informal justice systems, maintaining oversight of the application of informal justice norms and practices, and avoiding corrupting informal justice systems.

scholarly journals Peran Penjaga Perdamaian Wanita dalam Proses Bina-Damai: Studi Kasus Operasi Perdamaian Monusco

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Satwika Paramasatya
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Role Of Women

Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) is known as an instrument used by the United Nations to create peace in countries affected by conflict. Peacekeeping operations work as a mediator for the parties of the conflict and to ensure that violence no longer exists in the peace process. Once peace is achieved, peace operations are expected to remain involved in the peace building process. At first, men played a very dominant role in peacekeeping operations. Even so, women have been more involved in peace operations nowadays. It can be seen from the increasing number of female members of peacekeeping operations. This paper will discuss the role of women in contributing to the peace building process that occur in the MONUSCO operation in Congo. Congo was chosen because MONUSCO has the highest female members compared to other peacekeeping operations. The research was conducted by using explanatory method to analyze the role of women in peacekeeping operation using parameters such as the implementation of the mandate, the consistency of the implementation of Capstone Doctrine, DDR (Disarmament, demobilization, Reintegration), and CIMIC (Civil-Military Cooperation). The result indicated that women tend to have positive influences towards peace building process in peacekeeping operations judging from the fulfillment of the mandate and the implementation of programs that support the peacekeeping operation itself.

FROM TRADITIONAL TO MODERN PEACE OPERATIONS OF UNITED NATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1801-1813
Author(s):  
Milenko Dzeletovic ◽  
Hatidza Berisha ◽  
Nikola Vidovic
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Conceptual Definition ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Legal Foundation ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Definition Of

In paper, the authors point out a description of the basic characteristics of the UN Organization, the process of establishing peacekeeping operations and their legal foundation in the UN Charter on the complexity of the UN system in the decision-making process and in process of the establishment of peacekeeping operations. Considering the interpretation of the legitimacy of the establishment of peacekeeping operations through the goals set by the United Nations Charter.Through the paper the conceptual-theoretical determination of peacekeeping operations was carried out and the classification of United Nations peacekeeping operations was given. Relying on the conceptual definition of peacekeeping operations with regard to our strategic - doctrinal documents that do not recognize this term, but they see it as the contents of multinational operations.Authors see the focus of work in the philosophy of emerging and perceiving basic conceptual differences between traditional and modern peace operations.The importance of the work is reflected in the understanding of conceptual differences and changes in the nature of the conflict, which led to the revolution and evolution of UN peacekeeping operations, from traditional to contemporary peacekeeping operations.

Should we Prosecute the Protectors? Holding Peacekeepers Accountable in Cases of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Hunter
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
International Conflict ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations

United Nations (UN) peace operations have come under increased strain in recent years due to numerous factors, including donor fatigue and the changing nature of international conflict. Serious accusations of crimes of sexual exploitation and abuse being committed by peacekeepers have further jeopardized the sustainability of UN-mandated missions and have raised the question of whether or not peacekeepers should be held accountable for their actions. The paper first explores the scope of the problem by highlighting the type of crimes that have been committed, the actors and stakeholders involved, and a few of the root causes that help to explain why crimes of sexual exploitation and abuse are being committed by UN peacekeepers. Following this is a brief discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the current measures that have been undertaken by the UN and, more specifically, by the Office of the Secretary-General and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations. The paper culminates in an evaluation of the advantages, disadvantages and consequences of increased accountability, and eventually argues that increased accountability is necessary in order to protect already-vulnerable populations from further harm at the hands of the very people sent to guard over them. In concluding, the author offers a few possible solutions that could be enacted by the UN to ensure that there are adequate measures for prevention and response to such criminal behaviour.

scholarly journals United Nations Peacekeeping, Human Rights, and the Protection of Civilians

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-99
Author(s):  
Ibrahim J. Wani
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Independent Panel ◽  
Regional Engagement ◽  
High Level

Abstract Drawing on lessons from United Nations (UN) led peacekeeping operations in Africa, this chapter discusses the background and evolution of peacekeeping engagement on issues related to human rights, refugees, and internal displacement; the array of norms and institutions that have developed to formalize the mandate in the UN peacekeeping framework; and the experiences, lessons, and challenges in its implementation. Due to escalating challenges around protecting civilians and human rights violations, the chapter argues that UN peacekeeping must move beyond rhetoric. A genuine commitment to implement the recommendations of the United Nations High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) is a necessary first step. Enhanced mechanisms to compel host states to protect human rights within their borders and more regional engagement on thwarting “spoilers” are among several key follow-on measures.

scholarly journals A Blurring of Roles: Use of Force in UN Peacekeeping

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria do Ceu Pinto Arena
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Hybrid Nature ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Self Defence ◽  
Emerging Pattern

There is a sober paradox involved in the use of oxymoron ‘peace operations’, as these operations, traditionallyanchored on the bedrock principles of UN peacekeeping - consent of the parties, impartiality, and non-use of force exceptin self-defence -, are being increasingly transformed into enforcement operations. Twenty-seven years after the end of theCold War and the rebirth of the United Nations’ (UN) security role, peacekeeping operations are increasingly losing groundto an emerging pattern of more aggressive, offensive operations. They have an essentially hybrid nature, involving elementsof both peacekeeping and enforcement. Although many see them as alternative, non-reconcilable techniques, politicians andpractitioners do not see a sharp dividing line separating non-coercive and enforcement tasks, permitting an easy transitionfrom one to the other.

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